National Academies Press: OpenBook

Safety of Tourist Submersibles (1990)

Chapter: NOTES

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Suggested Citation:"NOTES." National Research Council. 1990. Safety of Tourist Submersibles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1744.
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Page 45
Suggested Citation:"NOTES." National Research Council. 1990. Safety of Tourist Submersibles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1744.
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Page 46

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45 NOTES . 1. American Bureau of Shipping Systems. 1990. Rules for Building and Classing Underwater Vehicles, Systems and Hyperbaric Facilities. American Bureau of Shipping. P. O. Box 910. Paramus. NJ. 2. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. "Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy, ASME/ANSI PVHO-1, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. 3. Johnson, S. and Veentjer, J. 198%. Regulation of passenger carrying submersibles. Proceedings: Oceans '88, October 1988, Baltimore, Maryland. Marine Technology Board, Washington, D.C.: 1487- 1492. A ~~ 7~ T ~ _ ~ ~ T ~ —~ ~ ~ ~ ~ `` 0 7 7 it. Watson, a. K., and Hayden, W. M. 1989. Overview of Coast Guard plan review for high-tech ship design. Paper presented to the Chesapeake Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, February 22, 1989, pp. 17-20. 5. U.S. Coast Guard. (n.d.~. Guidance for Certification of Passenger-carrying Submersibles under Title 46, CFR, Subchapter T-Small Passenger Vessels. Draft Navigation and Inspection Circular not numbered. COMDT PUB P16700.4, NVIC. 6. Busby Associates, Inc. 1987. Undersea Vehicles Directory - 1987. Arlington, VA 7. American Bureau of Shipping, Rules for Building and Classing Underwater Systems and Vehicles, op. cit., note 1. 8. Saunders, J. F., Codes Applicable to the Design and Construction of Decompression Chamber and Diving Bell Pressure Structures, Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy, ASME/ANSI PVHO-1, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. 9. LaQue, L. F. 1975. Marine Corrosion, Causes and Prevention. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 10. Moller, G. E. 1977. The successful use of austenitic stainless steels in sea water. Society Petrol. Engineers J. April. 11. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1981. Flammability, Odor, and Offgassing Requirements and Test Procedures for Materials in Environments that Support Combustion (NHB 8060.1B). NASA Office of Space Transportation Systems, Washington, D.C. 12. Transportation System Center. 1989. Passenger Carrying Submersibles: System Safety Analysis, Report No. CG-M-4-49, Final Report, August 1989. Washington, DC: Department of Transportation. 13. U.S. Coast Guard Draft Navigation and Inspection Circular, op. cit., note 5. 14. Johnson, S. and Salerno, B. 1990. U.S. Coast Guard Regulation of Passenger Carrying Submersibles. Paper presented to the Chesapeake Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, March 13, 1990, p. 7.

46 15. Marine Technology Society. 1974. Safety and Operational Guidelines for Undersea Vehicles, Book II, Section D. Editor: John Pritzlaff. Marine Technology Society, Washington, D.C. 16. U.S. Coast Guard Draft Navigation and Inspection Circular, op. cit., note 5. 17. U.S. Coast Guard. 1987. Passenger Carrying Submersibles: Prelimina~yUSCG Poli~Statement, May 1987. Washington, DC: U.S. Coast Guard, p. 6. 18. U.S. Coast Guard Draft Navigation and Inspection Circular, op. cit., note 5, p. 13. 19. U.S. Coast Guard. Passenger Carrying Submersibles: Preliminary USCG Poligy Statement, op. cit., note 16, p. 2. See also USCG Draft Navigation and Inspection Circular, op. cit., note 5, p. 11. 20. U.S. Coast Guard Draft Navigation and Inspection Circular, op. cit., note 5, p. 13. 21. American Bureau of Shipping. 1989. Additional requirements for submersibles intended for transportation of passengers (draft update). P. 5 in Rules for Underwater Systems and Vehicles. 22. U.S. Coast Guard Draft Navigation and Inspection Circular, op. cit., note 5, p. 19. 23. U.S. Coast Guard. Passenger Carrying Submersibles: Preliminary USCG Policy Statement, op. cit., note 16, p. 6. 24. Johnson, S., and Veentjer, J. 1988. Regulation of passenger carrying submersibles, op. cit., note 3, p. 1490. 25. Transportation Systems Center, Passenger Carrying Submersible Safety: System Safety Analysis, op. cit., note 11. 26. American Bureau of Shipping, Additional Requirements for Submersibles Intended for Transportation of Passengers, op. cit., note 20, p. 12. 27. Ibid., p. 1. 28. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1989. Man-System Integration Standards, NASA-STD-300. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 29. Johnson, S., and Veentjer, J. 1988. Regulation of passenger carrying submersibles, op. cit., note 3, p. 1489. 30. U.S. Coast Guard Draft Navigation and Inspection Circular, op. cit., note 5, p. 18. 32. American Bureau of Shipping, Additional requirements for submersibles intended for transportation of passengers (draft update), p. 11 in Rules for Underwater Systems and Vehicles. 33. Ibid., p. 4. 34. Transportation Systems Center, Passenger Caring Submersible Safety: System Safety Analysis, op. cit., note 11, pp. 6-4. 35. Hazardous Response Team. 1987. Hazardous Materials Emergency Planning Guide. Prepared by the National Response Team for the National Oil and Hazardous Substance Contingency Plan. U.S. Coast Guard Environmental Response Division/Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 36. LeBack, W. G. and W. F. Searle, Jr. Contingency planning for maritime accidents. Paper presented to the International Symposium on Ship Operations, Maritime Association, Port of New York. New York, NY, November 17, 1981. 37. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1987. Plan for Federal Response to a Catastrophic Earthquake. Washington: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 38. "Danger! Soviet Subs At Work; Why Moscow's Underwater Fleet Is So Prone to Disaster." Time. July 10, 1989. Vol. 134, No. 2, p. 35. 39. LeBack, W. G. and W. F. Searle, Contingency planning for maritime accidents, op. cit., note 35. 40. International Chamber of Shipping Oil Companies. 1979. Peril at Sea and Salvage: A Guide for Masters. International Marine Forum, 1st Edition, August 1979.

Next: APPENDIX A: DRAFT OF U.S. COAST GUARD CIRCULAR ON PASSENGER SUBMERSIBLES »
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Over the past four years more than three-quarters of a million tourists have viewed the colorful coral-lined seas off the U.S. coasts while sitting comfortably in submersibles designed to carry over 40 passengers. Seven tourist submersibles have been operating in U.S. waters, and their safety record has been good. The primary concern, however, is that regulations and procedures will ensure that future submersibles builders and operators meet the same or better standards than are found in present operations.

This volume examines the development of the tourist submarines industry throughout the world and explores the problems involved with strengthening the Coast Guard's capability of providing the oversight and expertise needed to certify and inspect tourist submersibles. It identifies the needs for system redundancy, hazards analysis, and quality control and recommends ways to enhance emergency rescue capabilities and management of passenger safety.

The book also addresses concerns about small two- or three passenger submarines that do not now fall under the Coast Guard's safety purview.

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