National Academies Press: OpenBook

Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities (1991)

Chapter: Appendix A: Paradigms

« Previous: 12. Social and Behavioral Aspects of Malaria
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Paradigms." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1812.
×

Appendix A

PARADIGMS

TYPES OF MALARIA

  1. African wet savannah

  2. Forest

  3. Irrigated agriculture

  4. Highland fringe

  5. Desert fringe and oasis

  6. Urban malaria

  7. Plains—traditional agriculture

  8. Coastal

DETERMINANTS

  1. Level of endemicity

    • Highly endemic: perennial transmission

    • Moderately endemic: perennial transmission

    • Modestly endemic: seasonal transmission

    • Highly endemic: seasonal transmission

    • Low endemicity: seasonal transmission

    • Epidemic transmission

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Paradigms." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1812.
×
  1. Parasite species

    • Plasmodium falciparum

    • P. vivax

    • P. malariae

    • P. ovale

  2. Population characteristics

    • Immune status (high, low, none)

    • Movement (settled, resettled, transient); if transient: organized, nomads, random

    • Population density and settlement patterns

  3. Social, behavioral, and economic characteristics

    • Housing

    • Occupation

    • Water utilization

    • Health-seeking behavior

    • Sleeping habits

    • Customs and taboos

    • Income and wealth

    • Local understanding of malaria

    • Access to health care

  4. 5. Health infrastructure

    • National health budget

    • Status of governmental health care delivery system

    • National malaria control program (type, budget, and efficiency)

    • Importance of non-governmental services (i.e. missions, private voluntary organizations)

    • Availability of private health care

    • Importance of health care delivery by family, market, etc.

  5. Use of drugs

    • Cost

    • Availability

    • Drug-use patterns

    • Effectiveness (degree of resistance)

  6. Vector considerations

    • Behavior (breeding, feeding, resting)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Paradigms." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1812.
×
Page 279
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Paradigms." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1812.
×
Page 280
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Paradigms." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1812.
×
Page 281
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Paradigms." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1812.
×
Page 282
Next: Appendix B: Dissenting Opinion »
Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities Get This Book
×
Buy Hardback | $55.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death.

This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities.

The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the:

  • Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria.
  • Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector.
  • Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments.
  • Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.
  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!