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Index
A
Adenosine monophosphate, 60–62 , 69
Advisory bodies, 16–17 , 18 , 110 , 121–123 , 128–129
Alcohol abuse, 7 , 8 , 18 , 34 , 41–42 , 44 , 45 , 124
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration,8 , 18 , 44 , 45 , 124
Algorithms, 11 , 97 , 102
Anatomy and anatomical data, 2 , 10 , 73–74 , 103 , 118 , 136
axons, 55–56 , 58 , 96
behavioral studies, 51
blood-brain barrier, 56
brain function and, 3 , 6 , 14 , 15 , 25 , 26 , 53–56 , 93–94
cerebral cortex, 4 , 5 , 6 , 32 , 34 , 39 , 40 , 51 , 53 , 58 , 118
magnetic resonance imaging, 9 , 39–40 , 52–53 , 73 , 96–97 , 99
pain, 35–36 , 37
pilot projects, 15 , 115
schizophrenia, 6 , 38 , 39 , 67–69
substance abuse, 5 , 34 , 35
visual perception, 4 , 31–32 , 33 , 34
see also Neurons
Animal studies, 14 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 67–69 , 82 , 95 , 114 , 115 , 127
drug studies, 34 , 55
genetic studies, 87–88
monkey studies, 14 , 32 , 51 , 114
pain, 37
visual perception, 32
Antibodies, 43 , 55 , 62
Architectures
brain, 6 , 10
computer, 3 , 117 , 119–120
parallel processors, 54
ARPANET, 84
Artificial intelligence, 54 , 59
Association for Computing Machinery, 70
Attitudes, 17 , 106 , 111
Axons, 55–56 , 58 , 96
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B
Basic research, 2 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 52 , 94 , 103 , 116
Behavioral factors, 3 , 15 , 48–53 , 94
genetic influences, 15 , 50 , 51
schizophrenia, 37–38 , 40 , 67
substance abuse, 5
see alsoMotor functions ;
Sensory perception
Bibliographic databases, 9 , 77 , 78 , 94 , 98 , 117
Binding, biochemical see Receptors, Biochemistry, 2 , 10 , 25 , 52 , 53 , 60–65 , 74
behavioral effects, 51
databases, 9 , 12 , 17 , 29–30 , 68–69 , 79–82 , 94 , 98
developmental processes and, 57 , 126
genetic regulation, 27
immunocytochemistry, 55 , 56–57
neuronal, 54–57 , 58 ;
see also Receptors
pain, 36 , 37
pilot projects, 15
schizophrenia, 6 , 27 , 38–40 , 68
substance abuse, 5 , 34 , 35
visual perception, 4 , 33
see also Molecular processes;
Pharmacology
Blood-brain barrier, 56
Blood flow, 52
Brain Browser , 82 , 83
BrainMap, 97
Brain Map Advisory Panel, 16–17 , 18 , 121–123 , 128–129
Brain Mapping Initiative, 3 , 8 , 13–19 , 26 , 44–45 , 114–129
Brain nuclei, 5 , 31 , 34 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 67
Brain Research , 99
Bromley, Allan, 86
C
Caenorhabditis elegans, 87–88
Cancer, 30 , 53 , 62
Cartography, 10 , 91
CD-ROM, 102
Cerebral cortex, 53 , 58 , 118
electrical activity, 51
schizophrenia, 6 , 39 , 40
substance abuse, 5
visual perception, 4 , 32 , 34
Clinical research, 2 , 6 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 37 , 52 , 94 , 116
behavioral/emotional disorders, 52
pain, 6 , 37
Collins, Francis, 30
Communication, 1 , 2 , 8 , 23
disorders, 41
pain research, 36
social aspects, 104–107
software, 15 , 101
see also Consortia;
Networks
Computer simulations, 14 , 22 , 73
pattern recognition, 4 , 71
visual perception, 33
x-ray crystallography, 8–9 , 72–73
Confidentiality, see Privacy rights
Consortia, 15 , 16 , 17 , 116 , 121 , 122 , 123–124 , 128
Contracts, federal, 18 , 123–124
Coordination, 2 , 22–23 , 25
advisory bodies, 16–17 , 18 , 110 , 121–123 , 128–129
Brain Mapping Initiative, 3 , 8 , 13–19 , 26 , 44–45 , 114–129
consortia, 15 , 16 , 17 , 116 , 121 , 122 , 123–124 , 128
databases, 10 , 15–16
electronic collaboratory groups, 87–88
long-term, 125–127
pilot projects, 13 , 14–15 , 109–110 , 120–123
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professional organizations, 7 , 10 , 23 , 43 , 70 , 74 , 91–92
symposia, 10 , 23 , 92 , 139–141
see also Standards
Corporation for National Research Initiatives, 82
Cost and cost analyses
computer operations, 69–70
database software, 81
imaging technology, 97
mental disorders, 41 , 44
neurological diseases, 7 , 41 , 44 , 126
research financing, 8 , 18–19 , 105 , 125
substance abuse, 34 , 41
Coulson, Alan, 87
Current Contents , 77
D
Data banks, 98, 117
Databases, 1–2 , 8 , 9–11 , 15–16 , 23 , 67 , 76–84 , 91 , 97–99 , 100 , 107–108 , 114 , 117
attitudes about, 17
bibliographic, 9 , 77 , 78 , 94 , 98 , 117
biochemical processes, 9 , 12 , 17 , 29–30 , 68–69 , 79–82 , 94 , 98
Brain Mapping Initiative, 3 , 8 , 13–19 , 26 , 44–45 , 114–129
coordination of, 10 , 15–16
evaluation, 16
genome, 9 , 12 , 29 , 41 , 79–82 , 87–88 , 91 , 95 , 98 , 103 , 105 , 128
images in, 9–11 , 77 , 83 , 85–86 , 93–97 , 98–99 , 100 , 114 , 117 , 136
informal data in, 77 , 88 , 93 , 98 , 104 , 108 , 117
international issues, 11 , 15–16 , 17 , 81 , 97 , 98–99 , 117 , 128
management of, 3 , 10 , 11 , 22 , 29 , 77 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 83–84 , 100–101 , 119–120
molecular data, 9 , 12 , 17 , 29–30 , 68–69 , 79–82
National Neural Circuitry Database, 3 , 11 , 14 , 22 , 26 , 91 , 97 , 136–138
object-oriented, 77 , 100 , 114
on-line, 9 , 76 , 79–82 , 97
pain, 6 , 37
preliminary findings data, 12
protein sequencing, 9 , 12 , 17 , 29–30 , 68–69 , 79–82 , 95 , 105 , 128
public, 97–98
published articles, standards for inclusion in, 12 , 92 , 110 , 119
relational, 77 , 82 , 100
schizophrenia, 6–7 , 40–41 , 67–69
software, general, 81 , 101
substance abuse, 5 , 35
textual data, 11 , 76 , 93 , 96 , 102 , 116 , 117
university-associated, 82 , 83 , 97
visual perception, 33
Data storage, 101–102 , 107
Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency, 84
Defense Mapping Agency, 10 , 91
Department of Agriculture, 81
Department of Defense, 10 , 18 , 81 , 84–85 , 91 , 124
Department of Energy, 18 , 44 , 81 , 82 , 124
Department of Veterans Affairs, 8 , 44
Developmental processes and stages, 14 , 27 , 50 , 94–95 , 114 , 127
neurochemistry, 57 , 126
schizophrenia, 6 , 37 , 40
visual defects, 32 , 53
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Diseases and disorders, 7 , 9 , 14 , 41–42 , 53
cancer, 30 , 53 , 62
cost of, 7 , 41 , 44 , 126
motor functions, 50–51
neurofibromatosis, 30 , 65 , 95
neurological, general, 1 , 7 , 21 , 27 , 41–42 , 43 , 53 , 56–57 , 65 , 95 , 114 , 118 , 126 , 127
pain, 5–6 , 35–37
visual deficits, 4 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 53 , 64
see also Injuries;
Mental illness;
Substance abuse
Digital graphics, 73–74
cartography, 10 , 91
DNA, 64 , 81 , 87
Dopamine, 6–7 , 34 , 38 , 40 , 54
Drug abuse, see Substance abuse
E
Education, 110 , 122
learning processes, 15 , 51 , 59 , 67
Electroencephalographic recordings, 51–52 , 73
Electron microscopes, 43 , 54 , 58 , 73 , 125
Electrophysiology, 43 , 54 , 73 , 94 , 118
behavioral research, 50–52
event-related potential, 52 , 73
ion channels, 60 , 68 , 94 , 118
neuronal, 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 68 , 94 , 118
pain, 36
visual perception, 33 , 52
Emotion, 3 , 15 , 25 , 27 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 48–53
see also Mental illness
Ethics, 16 , 105 , 110 , 118–119 , 121
privacy rights, 16 , 104–105 , 121
see also Intellectual property
European Molecular Biology Library, 81
Evaluation, 15 , 23
databases, 16
data sharing and, 12 , 16 , 23 , 104 , 105 , 108 , 118–119
imaging techniques, 96–97
peer review, 12 , 14–15 , 17 , 105 , 116–117 , 128
pilot projects, 13 , 14–15 , 108 , 109–110 , 116–117 , 122 , 128
Event-related potential, 52 , 73
F
Federal government, 7–8 , 23 , 44 , 45–46 , 74–76 , 81–82 , 128–129
Brain Map Advisory Panel, 16–17 , 18 , 123–124 , 128–129
contracts, 18 , 123–124
grants, 18 , 111 , 124
networks, 85–87
National Neural Circuitry Database, 3 , 11 , 14 , 22 , 26 , 91 , 97 , 136–138
National Research and Education Network, 17 , 18 , 86 , 87 , 100 , 120 , 128
NSFNET, 9–10 , 17 , 85–86 , 120 , 123 , 128
see also specific agencies
The Federal High Performance Computing Program, 86
Foundations, 8 , 18 , 44 , 46
Freedom of information, 16 , 121
public domain, 16 , 17 , 97–98 , 117–120 , 128
Free text, see Textual data
Funding, 7–8 , 12 , 13 , 44 , 45–46 , 81–82 , 92 , 111 , 121 , 123–125
Brain Map Advisory Panel, 16 , 18–19 , 121 , 128–129
foundations, 8 , 18 , 44 , 46
grants, research, 18 , 111 , 124
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G
GenBank, 81
Genetics, 25 , 27 , 30 , 60–65 , 92 , 122–123
behavioral, 15, 50,51
color vision, 64
DNA, 64, 81, 87
emotion, 15
learning, 51
neurofibromatosis, 30
RNA, 57, 63, 68
schizophrenia, 6–7, 38, 40–41,67–69
Genomes, 6, 17, 27, 62, 110, 113, 122–123, 128
animal studies, 87–88
databases, 9, 12, 29, 41, 79–82, 87–88, 91, 95, 98, 103, 105, 128
Human Genome Project, 17, 110, 123, 128
networks, 87–88
Geographical factors
consortia, 15, 116, 128
laboratory locations, 12, 14, 116–117, 128
Geometric data, 116
Glia, 56
Gore, Albert, 22, 86
Grants, research, 18, 111, 124
Graphics, 7, 8–9, 13, 14, 26, 67–76, 96, 98, 102, 114, 136
computer simulations, 4, 8–9, 14, 22, 33, 71, 72–73
HyperCard, 82
pain, 37
standards, 11, 98–99
visual perception, models of
see also Images and image processing
Gusella, James, 30
H
Historical perspectives, 32, 50, 64, 70, 78, 124–125
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 8, 44
Hubel, David, 32
Human–computer interface, 11, 12, 100–101, 102–103, 109
see also Graphics
Human Genome Project, 17, 110, 123, 128
HyperCard, 82
I
Images and image processing, 7, 9, 11, 26, 39–40, 74, 91, 100, 108, 114, 116
computer simulations, 4, 8–9, 14, 22, 33, 71, 72–73
databases, 9–11, 77, 83, 85–
evaluation, 96–97
magnetic resonance imaging, 9, 39–40, 52–53, 73, 96–97, 99
networks, 9–10, 82, 83, 88, 100, 102, 103, 108
object-oriented databases, 77, 100, 114
pattern recognition, 4, 71
PET scanning, 6, 9, 39–40, 52, 53, 73, 96–97, 99
see also Graphics;
Vision and visualization
Immunocytochemistry, 55, 56–57
Informal data, 77, 88, 93, 98, 104, 108, 117
Information management, 1, 3, 22, 26–30, 43–44
databases, 3, 10, 11, 22, 29, 77, 79, 81, 82, 83–84, 100–
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Injuries, 7 , 21 , 27 , 52 , 56 , 62 , 126–127
pain and, 5–6 , 36 , 37
visual perception, 33
Institute of Medicine, 1 , 22 , 136
Intellectual property, 12 , 16 , 104 , 105 , 118–119 , 121
public domain, 16 , 17 , 97–98 , 117–120 , 128
Intelligenetics, Inc., 81
International Brain Research Organization, 43
International perspectives and programs, 18 , 43 , 117 , 124–125 , 129
databases, 11 , 15–16 , 17 , 81 , 97 , 98–99 , 117 , 128
networks, 9 , 85 , 87 , 97 , 117 , 120
research policy, 2 , 23
Internet, 85 , 87 , 120
Ion channels, 60 , 68 , 94 , 118
J
Japanese DNA Data Bank, 81
Journal of Neuroscience , 99
L
Learning processes, 15 , 51 , 59 , 67
Legal issues
freedom of information, 16
intellectual property, 12 , 16 , 104 , 105 , 118–119 , 121
privacy rights, 16 , 104–105 , 121
public domain, 16 , 17 , 97–98 , 117–120 , 128
Local area networks, 84–85 , 100 , 120
Los Alamos National Laboratory, 81
M
MacArthur Foundation, 8 , 44
Magnetic resonance imaging, 9 , 39 , 52–53 , 73 , 96–97 , 99
Magnetoencephalography, 52
Mathematics, 59–60 , 73 , 116
Memory, 94
animal/human, 51 , 59
computer, 26 , 70 , 102
Mental illness, 1 , 7 , 27 , 41–42 , 43 , 44 , 52
affective disorders, 7 , 41–42
National Institute of Mental Health, 1 , 2 , 22 , 23 , 75
schizophrenia, 6–7 , 27 , 37–41 , 52 , 67–69
Microcircuits, 26 , 57–60
national database, 3
neural, 3 , 26 , 27 , 35 , 53–54 , 59 , 85
Microprocessors, 26
Models, 22 , 88 , 100 , 1140–17
Brain Mapping Initiative, 3 , 8 , 13–19 , 26 , 44–45 , 114–129
computer simulations, 4 , 8–9 , 14 , 22 , 33 , 71 , 72–73
molecular, 92 , 95 , 106
Molecular processes, 2 , 14 , 25 , 57 , 60–65 , 114 , 127
antibodies, 43 , 55 , 62
databases, 9 , 12 , 17 , 29–30 , 68–69 , 79–82
emotion, 15
modeling, 92 , 95 , 106
PET scanning, 6 , 9 , 39–40 , 52 , 53 , 73 , 96–97 , 99
schizophrenia, 40
substance abuse, 5
visual perception, 4 , 33
x-ray crystallography, 8–9 , 72–73
see also Genetics;
Protein sequencing;
Receptors
Monkey studies, 14 , 32 , 51 , 114
Motor functions, 33 , 34 , 36 , 48 , 50–51 , 94
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N
Nathans, Jeremy, 64
National Academy of Sciences, 86
National Center for Biotechnology Information, 100 , 109 , 119–120
National Center for Research Resources, 81
National Digital Library System, 88
National Information Standards Organizations, 120
National Institute for General Medical Sciences, 82
National Institute of Mental Health, 1 , 2 , 22 , 23 , 75
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes, 41
National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1 , 2 , 22 , 23 , 126
National Institutes of Health, 7–8 , 18 , 44 , 45 , 74–76 , 81 , 124
see also specific institutes
National Library of Medicine, 9 , 22 , 76 , 79 , 81–82 , 100 , 103
National Center for Biotechnology Information, 100 , 109 , 119–120
National Neural Circuitry Database, 3 , 11 , 14 , 22 , 26 , 91 , 97 , 136–138
National Research and Education Network, 17 , 18 , 86 , 87 , 100 , 120 , 128
National Research Council, 86
National Science Foundation, 1 , 2 , 8 , 18 , 22 , 23 , 44 , 70–71 , 75–76 , 81 , 82
NSFNET, 9–10 , 17 , 85–86 , 120 , 123 , 128
Networks, 1 , 7–8 , 9–10 , 11 , 14 , 21–22 , 23 , 83 , 84–88 , 93 , 100 , 108 , 120
communications software, 15 , 101 , 108 , 120
data standards, 10 , 11 , 15 , 85 , 87 , 92 , 98–99 , 102–104 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 116 , 119 , 120
images, 9–10 , 82 , 83 , 88 , 97 , 100 , 102 , 103 , 108
international perspectives, 9 , 85 , 87 , 97 , 117 , 120
Internet, 85 , 87 , 120
local area, 84–85 , 100 , 120
neural, 2 , 25 , 27
National Neural Circuitry Database, 3 , 11 , 14 , 22 , 26 , 91 , 97 , 136–138
National Research and Education Network, 17 , 18 , 86 , 87 , 100 , 120 , 128
NSFNET, 9–10 , 17 , 85–86 , 120 , 123 , 128
on-line databases, 9 , 76 , 79–82 , 97
public domain, 16 , 17 , 97–98 , 117–120 , 128
social aspects, 104–107
standards, 10 , 11 , 15 , 85 , 87 , 116
university, 85 , 120
wide area, 84 , 85
Neural hierarchy, 2 , 3 , 10 , 15 , 27 , 48–65 , 94 , 95 , 99 , 107 , 108
Neurons, 27 , 43 , 55–65 , 74 , 94
axons, 55–56 , 58 , 96
circuitry, 3 , 26 , 27 , 35 , 53–54 , 59 , 85
electrophysiology, 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 68 , 94 , 118
ion channels, 60 , 68 , 94 , 118
networks, 2 , 3
neurochemistry, 54–57 , 58
synapses, 27 , 57–62 , 68 , 94
see also Receptors
Neurofibromatosis, 30 , 65 , 95
Newton, Isaac, 64
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Nonprofit organizations, see Foundations
NSFNET, 9–10 , 17 , 85–86 , 120 , 123 , 128
O
Object-oriented databases, 77 , 100 , 114
Office of Naval Research, 44
Office of Science and Technology Policy, 86
On-line databases, 9 , 76 , 79–82 , 97
Organizational issues, 2 , 8 , 84 , 121–122
research hierarchy, 3, 27–28 , 31
see also Coordination; Information management
Oscilloscope, 43 , 125
P
Pagels, Heinz, 21
Pain, 5–6 , 35–37
Parallel processors, 54
Pattern recognition, 4 , 71
Pavlov, Ivan, 50
Peer review, 12 , 14–15 , 17 , 105 , 116–117 , 128
Pew Charitable Trusts, 8
Pharmacology, 14 , 35 , 52 , 60 , 74 , 114 , 127
dopamine, 6–7 , 34 , 38 , 40 , 54
see also Substance abuse
Physiology, 2 , 14 , 21 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 43 , 53–54 , 55 , 57 , 114 , 136
anatomy and brain function, 3 , 6 , 14 , 15 , 25 , 26 , 53–56 , 93–94
pain, 35–37
pilot projects, 14
schizophrenia, 38
visual perception, 2 , 3 , 4 , 14 , 25 , 31–34
see also Electrophysiology
Pilot projects, 13 , 14–15 , 19 , 92 , 95–96 , 107–109 , 116–117 , 118 , 120 , 122 , 123–125 , 128 , 129
anatomy, 15 , 115
coordination, 13 , 14–15 , 109–110 , 120–123
evaluation, 13 , 14–15 , 108 , 109–110 , 116–117 , 122 , 128
Policy issues, general, 2 , 16 , 23
Positron emission tomography, 6 , 9 , 39–40 , 52 , 53 , 73 , 96–97 , 99
Privacy rights, 16 , 104–105 , 121
Private sector, 74
foundations, 8 , 18 , 44 , 46
Problem solving
algorithms, 11 , 97 , 102
artificial intelligence, 54 , 59
Professional organizations, 7 , 10 , 23 , 43 , 70 , 74 , 91–92
consortia, 15 , 16 , 17 , 116 , 121 , 122 , 123–124 , 128
symposia, 10 , 23 , 92 , 139–141
Projections, 67 , 113–116 , 125–127
networks, 86–87
Protein sequencing, 62 , 122–123
databases, 9 , 12 , 17 , 29–30 , 68–69 , 79–82 , 95 , 105 , 128
Protein synthesis, 57
Prototypes, see Pilot projects
Public domain
databases, 97–98
software, 16 , 17 , 117–120 , 128
Public Health Service, 18 , 124
Publications, 28 , 43 , 98 , 99 , 105
bibliographic databases, 9 , 77 , 78 , 94 , 98 , 117
newsletters, 87
standards for related data in databases, 12 , 92 , 110 , 119
study methodology, 10 , 92
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Q
Quality control, 16 , 121 , 122
see also Evaluation;
Standards
R
Receptors, neuronal, 5 , 6–7 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 52 , 58 , 60–63 , 94 , 96 , 126
Reference databases, see Bibliographic databases
Relational databases, 77 , 82 , 100
Research
basic, 2 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 52 , 94 , 103 , 116
clinical, 2 , 6 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 37 , 52 , 94 , 116
costs, 8 , 18–19 , 105 , 125
fragmentation of, 3 , 13 , 43–44
policy, 2 , 3 , 23
see also Technological innovations
Research Triangle Institute, 126
RNA, 57 , 63 , 68
Robotics, 4
S
Schizophrenia, 6–7 , 27 , 37–41 , 52 , 67–69
anatomical data, 6 , 38 , 39 , 67–69
behavioral factors, 37–38 , 40 , 67
cerebral cortex, 6 , 39 , 40
chemical processes, 6 , 27 , 38–40 , 68
databases, 6–7 , 40–41 , 67–69
developmental aspects, 6 , 37 , 40
genetics, 6–7 , 38 , 40–41 , 67–69
Sensors, electronic, 4 , 118
Sensory perception, 25 , 27 , 48 , 52
pain, 5–6 , 35–37
see also Vision and visualization
Sex differences, 64
Sociological issues, 12–13 , 104–107 , 110 , 117 , 118–119 , 121 , 126
attitudes, 17 , 106 , 111
pain, 37
privacy rights, 16 , 104–105 , 121
standard data formats, 12 , 118–119
see also Intellectual property
Society for Neuroscience, 7 , 10 , 23 , 43 , 74 , 91–92
Software, 74–75 , 108 , 109
database, 81 , 101
human–computer interface, 11 , 108
public domain, 16 , 17 , 117–120 , 128
telecommunications, 15 , 101 , 108 , 120
Sulston, John, 87
Standards, 22
data formats, 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 85 , 87 , 92 , 98–99 , 102–104 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 116 , 119 , 120
graphics, 11 , 98–99
publication, 12 , 92 , 110 , 119
social factors, 12
Study methodology
consortia, 15 , 16 , 17 , 116 , 121 , 122 , 123–124 , 128
symposia, 10 , 23 , 92 , 139–141
see also Task forces
Substance abuse, 4–5 , 7 , 34–35 , 41–42 , 50 , 126
alcohol abuse, 7 , 8 , 18 , 34 , 41–42 , 44 , 45 , 124
anatomical data, 5 , 34 , 35
animal studies, 34 , 55
chemical processes, 5 , 34 , 35
cost of, 34 , 41
databases, 5 , 35
National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1 , 2 , 22 , 23 , 126
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Supercomputer Network Study Act, 86
Supercomputing centers, 120
Sutherland, Ivan, 70
Symposia, 10 , 23 , 92 , 139–141
Synapses, 27 , 57–62 , 68 , 94
axons, 55–56 , 58 , 96
ion channels, 60 , 68 , 94 , 118
T
Task forces
study methodology, 23 , 91–92 , 97 , 100 , 101 , 107 , 111 , 136–138
topics and rosters, current study, 133–135
visualization, 70–72
Technological innovations,general, 2 , 6 , 7 , 42–44 , 51–53 , 99–102 , 124–125
social factors, 104–107
Telecommunications, see Communication;
Networks
Textual data, 11 , 116 , 76 , 93 , 96 , 102 , 116
U
Universities and colleges, 109
databases, 82 , 83 , 97
data-sharing controls by, 12 , 105 , 119
graphics developments, 74
networks, 85 , 120
User interface, see Human–computer interface
V
Vision and visualization, 4 , 13 , 26 , 29 , 31–34 , 67 , 70–73
anatomical data, 4 , 31–32 , 33 , 34
of brain function, 2 , 3 , 4 , 14 , 25 , 31–34 , 43 , 53–54
cerebral cortex, 4 , 32 , 34
chemical processes, 4 , 33
color, 31 , 64
deficits, 4 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 53 , 64
developmental processes, 32 , 53
electrophysiology, 33 , 52
neurons, 4 , 32 , 33
pattern recognition, 4 , 71
physiology, 2 , 3 , 4 , 14 , 25 , 31–34
x-ray crystallography, 8–9 , 72–73
W
White, Ray, 30
Wide area network, 84 , 85
Wiesel, Torsten, 32
Women, 126
X
X-ray crystallography, 8–9, 72–73
X-rays, 74
Representative terms from entire chapter:
visual perception
