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Preparing for the Twenty-First Century:
A Report to the USGS Water Resources Division
Committee on USGS Water Resources Research
Water Science and Technology Board
Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1991
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of
the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were
chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to
Procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the
National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute
of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society
of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the
furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the
authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a
mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical
matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter
of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers.
It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with
the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government.
The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at
meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior
achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy
of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of
Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the
examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts
under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional
charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to
identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president
of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences
in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's
purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in
accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become
the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the
National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public,
and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by
both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M.
White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey under
Cooperative Agreement No. 14-08-0001-A0683/R.
Copies available from
Water Science and Technology Board
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Printed in the United States of America
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COMMITTEE ON USGS WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
WALTER R. LYNN, Chairman, Cornell University
JAMES W. BIGGAR, University of California, Davis
LENORE S. CLESCERI, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
ROBERT A. GOLDSTEIN, Electric Power Research Institute,
Palo Alto, California
MARJORIE M. HOLLAND, Ecological Society of America,
Bethesda, Maryland
GEORGE M. HORNBERGER, University of Virginia
PHILIP C. KEARNEY, Agricultural Research Service,
Beltsville, Maryland
SHLOMO P. NEWMAN, University of Arizona
EUGENE M. RASMUSSON, University of Maryland, College
Park
CLIFFORD S. RUSSELL, Vanderbilt University
PHILIP SINGER, University of North Carolina
KENNETH N. WEAVER, Maryland Geological Survey,
Baltimore
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF
STEPHEN D. PARKER, Project Officer
ANITA A. HALL, Project Secretary
JACQUELINE MACDONALD, Research Associate
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPRESENTATIVES
PHILIP COHEN, Chief Hydrologist
ROBERT HIRSCH, Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Research
and External Coordination
NOTE: Listed above is the committee roster as of completion of drafting of this report.
Other individuals serving as members of the committee during the preparation of this
report (April 1989-December 1990) include: Edward J. Bonwer, The Johns Hopkins
University; Thomas Dunne, University of Washington; Kenneth W. Potter, University of
Wisconsin; and Hugo F. Thomas, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection.
In addition to Philip Cohen and Robert Hirsch, several other U. S. Geological Survey
scientists and managers contributed background material and interacted with the
committee. These include several district chiefs, researchers, and agency managers. Their
contributions are greatly appreciated.
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WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD
MICHAEL KAVANAUGH, James M. Montgomery Consulting
Engineers, Walnut Creek, California, Chairman
NORMAN H. BROOKS, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena
RICHARD A. CONWAY, Union Carbide Corporation, South
Charleston, West Virginia
DUANE L. GEORGESON, Metropolitan Water District, Los
Angeles
HOWARD C. KUNREUTHER, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia
ROBERT R. MEGLEN, University of Colorado, Denver
JUDY L. MEYER, University of Georgia
DONALD J. O'CONNOR, HydroQual, Inc., Mahwah, New Jersey
BETTY H. OLSON, University of California, Irvine
KENNETH W. POTTER, University of Wisconsin, Madison
P. SURESH C. RAG, University of Florida, Gainesville
DONALD D. RUNNELLS, University of Colorado, Boulder
PHILIP C. SINGER, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
A. DAN TARLOCK, Chicago Kent College of Law
HUGO F. THOMAS, Department of Environmental Protection,
Hartford, Connecticut
JAMES R. WALLIS, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown
Heights, New York
M. GORDON WOLMAN, The Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore
STAFF
STEPHEN D. PARKER, Director
SHEILA D. DAVID, Senior Staff Officer
CHRIS ELFRING, Senior Staff Officer
SARAH CONNICK, Staff Officer
JACQUELINE MACDONALD, Research Associate
JEANNE AQUILINO, Administrative Specialist
ANITA A. HALL, Administrative Secretary
PATRICIA CICERO, Secretary
MARCIA WARE, Secretary
1V
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Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION...............................................
Evolution of the Water Resources Division, 7
The Water Resources Division Today, 12
. 1
2 FUTURE WRD ROLES AND INTERACTIONS 16
External Cooperation, 17
Technology Transfer, 22
Education, 23
3 FUTURE WRD TECHNICAL NICHES
Wellhead/Aquifer Protection, 25
Integrated Water Supply Management, 26
Climate Change, 26
Water Quality, 27
Drought and Flood Hydrology, 28
Wetlands, 28
Lakes and Reservoirs, 29
Estuaries, Harbors, and Bays, 29
25
4 FUTURE WRD ORGANIZATION 31
Evaluating the Three Program Areas, 31
Reorganizing to Meet Future Challenges, 35
Reevaluating the WRD Mission Statement, 36
APPENDIX
Biographical Sketches of Comm
ittee Members 38
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