INFECTIOUS AGENT

• Chikungunya virus, a single-stranded RNA virus

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

• bite of an infective Aedes mosquito

• not directly transmitted from person to person

DISTRIBUTION

• primarily Africa, South Asia, and the Philippines

INCUBATION PERIOD

• 3 to 12 days

TREATMENT

• supportive only

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

• mosquito control in endemic areas

• a live, attenuated vaccine is being tested

FACTORS FACILITATING EMERGENCE

• unknown

DISEASE(S) AND SYMPTOMS

• abrupt onset of fever, headache, chills, photophobia, myalgia, and abdominal pain

• nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may be present; rash is common

• infection to death ratio is estimated at 25:1

• in pregnant women, infection is severe and often results in death

DIAGNOSIS

• isolation of the virus from cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or other tissues

INFECTIOUS AGENT

• Crimean-Congo virus, an RNA virus