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Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program: III. Social and Economic Studies (1992)
Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER)

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105
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Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program: III. Social and Economic Studies

can be argued that the national system not only benefits but suffers costs in relation to most OCS developments. These may include endangerment of fisheries, resulting in higher seafood prices for consumers, cost to the federal government of environmental cleanup, a reduction in public or legislative pressure to find alternative ways to meet long-term energy needs, and alienation of citizens in immediately affected areas. It is furthermore not sufficient merely to assume that the benefits of OCS development are simply diffused throughout the national system in the form of less expensive and more reliable fuel supplies and enhanced national security. It is plausible to suppose that, in addition to such diffuse general benefits, more concentrated and significant benefits accrue to certain elements in the national system, especially oil and gas producers. Whether or not—or at least to what extent—such suppositions conform to the facts is not the point here. The point is that the distribution of benefits and costs outside as well as inside the region of development are matters for research and analysis and not for supposition or assumption.

REFERENCES

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Gramling, R. 1980. The economic history of East St, Mary Parish. Pp. 4-16 in East St. Mary Parish: Economic Growth and Stabilization Strategies, R. Gramling, ed. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Department of Natural Resources.

Gross, B. 1967. Social Goals and Indicators for American Society. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vols. 371, 373. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.


OCSLA (Outer Continental Shelf Lands Acts Amendments). 1978. Public Law 95-372. 43 USC 1801-1866.

OCS Leasing and Development Task Force. 1990. A Final Report to the President on Lease Sales 91, 95, and 116, Part II. Prepared by Task Force Representatives from the Department of the Interior, Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, and the Office of Management and Budget.


Rappaport, R.A. 1977. Maladaptation in social systems. In Evolution in Social Systems, J. Friedman and M. Rowlands, eds. London: Duckworth.

Rappaport, R.A. 1979. Ecology, Meaning, and Religion. Richmond, Calif.: North Atlantic Books.


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