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PAPERBACK list:$23.00 Web:$20.70 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free Resources Display this book on your site! Related Titles Facing Hazards and Disasters: Understanding Human Dimensions Improved Seismic Monitoring - Improved Decision-Making: Assessing the Value of Reduced Uncertainty Other Related Titles U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Meeting on Earthquake Hazards Mitigation: September 9-13, 1991, Moscow, U.S.S.R. (1992) Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (CETS) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 13   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. APPENDIX D ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING During discussions among members of the Central Research Institute for Building Structures of the U.S.S.R. (TsNIISK) and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences delegation on earthquake hazard mitigation, the following general prospects for collaborative research and development projects were developed. Direct intellectual interaction among researchers in the Soviet Union and the United States is bound to improve the state of the art in earthquake hazard mitigation and help people all over the world. Independently, researchers in the two countries have made impressive progress in defending life and property from earthquakes. Together, the results are bound to be synergistic. To achieve that end, it is considered essential to invest resources and do central planning to make communication convenient among individual researchers. Two mechanisms for efficient communication, which have worked efficiently in the past, are recommended strongly: (1) exchange of research staff for periods of six months to two years, and (2) installation of an electronic-mail network easily accessible to researchers in both countries. Cooperative research projects must be designed to combine the strengths of the two research communities and eliminate weaknesses in the state of the art. Fertile Research Areas Structural Response Cooperative research projects are needed to improve the state of the art and the mutual understanding of the two research communities in experimental and analytical methods applied to different materials of construction. In experimental research, cooperative research projects should be planned to make best use of the available facilities in the Soviet Union and the United States in static and dynamic testing of (a) full-scale buildings, (b) structural elements or element assemblies, and (c) materials. In analytical research, work would be desirable in (a) modeling of structures responding in the nonlinear range, (b) structures with irregular mass and stiffness distributions along the vertical axis, and (c) structures with eccentric mass or stiffness distributions about the vertical axis. To develop a broad base of support for analysis, it is essential to undertake cooperative projects in tests of steel, reinforced concrete, precast, prestressed, timber, and masonry structures. Special emphasis needs to be placed on precast concrete and masonry (reinforced and unreinforced). Page 13 Front Matter (R1-R4) Introduction (1-1) The Workshop (2-2) Closing Notes (3-3) Appendix A: Delegation Memberships (4-5) Appendix B: Joint Workshop Agenda (6-9) Appendix C: Seismology and Geotechnology (10-12) Appendix D: Architectural and Structural Engineering (13-15) Appendix E: Societal Responses (16-18)

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OCR for page 13
Memorandum of Discussion: U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Meeting on Earthquake Hazards Mitigation - September 9-13, 1991, Moscow, U.S.S.R APPENDIX D ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING During discussions among members of the Central Research Institute for Building Structures of the U.S.S.R. (TsNIISK) and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences delegation on earthquake hazard mitigation, the following general prospects for collaborative research and development projects were developed. Direct intellectual interaction among researchers in the Soviet Union and the United States is bound to improve the state of the art in earthquake hazard mitigation and help people all over the world. Independently, researchers in the two countries have made impressive progress in defending life and property from earthquakes. Together, the results are bound to be synergistic. To achieve that end, it is considered essential to invest resources and do central planning to make communication convenient among individual researchers. Two mechanisms for efficient communication, which have worked efficiently in the past, are recommended strongly: (1) exchange of research staff for periods of six months to two years, and (2) installation of an electronic-mail network easily accessible to researchers in both countries. Cooperative research projects must be designed to combine the strengths of the two research communities and eliminate weaknesses in the state of the art. Fertile Research Areas Structural Response Cooperative research projects are needed to improve the state of the art and the mutual understanding of the two research communities in experimental and analytical methods applied to different materials of construction. In experimental research, cooperative research projects should be planned to make best use of the available facilities in the Soviet Union and the United States in static and dynamic testing of (a) full-scale buildings, (b) structural elements or element assemblies, and (c) materials. In analytical research, work would be desirable in (a) modeling of structures responding in the nonlinear range, (b) structures with irregular mass and stiffness distributions along the vertical axis, and (c) structures with eccentric mass or stiffness distributions about the vertical axis. To develop a broad base of support for analysis, it is essential to undertake cooperative projects in tests of steel, reinforced concrete, precast, prestressed, timber, and masonry structures. Special emphasis needs to be placed on precast concrete and masonry (reinforced and unreinforced).

OCR for page 14
Memorandum of Discussion: U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Meeting on Earthquake Hazards Mitigation - September 9-13, 1991, Moscow, U.S.S.R Field Measurements The existing data in the Soviet Union and the United States should be reevaluated by joint teams to plan future test sites. Soil-Structure Interaction and Foundation Response Improvements are expected from reevaluation of the existing analysis procedures and data by joint U.S.S.R.-U.S. panels. Civil Engineering Structures Information and design methods on lifelines, transportation structures, and dams in the two countries should be reevaluated by joint panels to plan for future research and development. Mitigation Studies Seismic codes: development and improvement Seismic risk and zonation studies: vulnerability maps for Kamchatka and northern Armenia Loss estimation studies: Correlation of ground motion with recorded damage to different building types in Spitak; loss estimation studies for a future magnitude 8.0 earthquake in Kamchatka, which is anticipated. Medium risk area: comparative U.S. and U.S.S.R. studies Retrofit of Existing Structures Performance of buildings Standards for retrofit Methods of retrofitting Historic structures Active and Passive Structural Control Base isolation techniques Damping and energy dissipation Analysis, testing, and applications Low-cost systems such as sand

OCR for page 15
Memorandum of Discussion: U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Meeting on Earthquake Hazards Mitigation - September 9-13, 1991, Moscow, U.S.S.R Urban-Scale Physical Reconstruction Case studies of Spitak and Leninakan Studies of reconstruction process Building standards for reconstruction Urban planning for reconstruction Architectural Issues Configuration studies: statistical studies of performance Nonstructural components and building functions Postearthquake Studies Reconnaissance investigations Detailed studies Specific research Construction Materials It would be most cost-effective to use local materials for construction of seismicallyresistant structures. Therefore, it is essential that technologies be developed to test and/or modify these materials, especially under seismic loading conditions, to ensure that material characteristics meet the demands from earthquake shakings. Joint efforts in this area of research and development should be explored, particularly in light of the work that has been carried out by the Turkmenian Academy of Sciences (Choschshiev). SUMMARY During cooperation, the number of research lines can be enlarged. Further, it is advisable to establish cooperation in the following ways: (1) development of working programs of joint research; (2) execution of joint research projects carried out in coordinated programs; (3) editing of joint publications; and (4) mutual visits of specialists to discuss working programs and joint research on the basis of non-currency exchange and the agreement that the “host side pays” expenses through the country, including long-term visits (up to one year), of young researchers.

Representative terms from entire chapter:

loss estimation