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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1993. The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2072.
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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1993. The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2072.
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Page 278
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1993. The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2072.
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Page 279
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1993. The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2072.
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Page 280
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1993. The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2072.
×
Page 281
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1993. The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2072.
×
Page 282
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1993. The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2072.
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Page 283
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1993. The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2072.
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Index A Academic researchers, input from, 6,12, 83-84, 237-238, 240, 241-242 Addresses, selection of, 92, 120, 121- 123 Administrative records, 3, 31-33, 36, 38-41, 45, 56-58, 86, 87-90, 215, 218 forward record checks, 6, 11, 33, 90, 208-209, 215, 216, 217, 218, 224, 226 full (or reverse) record checks, 31 32, 57, 89-90, 215, 218 in multiple-frame samples, 89, 126 128 IRS, 31-32, 40, 45, 59, 61-62, 90, 218 Advisory processes, 6, 12, 240-243 After-tax income, 7, 37-38, 39, 58-59, 61-62, 67 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 16-17, 40, 45, 46, 48, 52, 53, 55, 57, 74-75, 78- 79, 95, 107-108, 113, 127, 171, 184, 208, 214 277 American Housing Survey, 39, 122 American Statistical Association (ASA), 168, 197, 202n, 238, 239- 240, 242 Analysis staff, see Staff Analysis UllitS, 172-176 ASPE, see Department of Health and Human Services Assets and asset income, 7, 18, 27, 37, 42, 44, 45, 49-51, 54, 58, 59, 60, 68-72, 221-222 Association of Public Data Users (APDU), 197, 239, 242-243 At-nsk population, see Economically at-risk population Attribute measures, 172, 173, 176 Attrition, 20, 93n, 96n, 98, 99, 100-104, 114, 119, 183-184, 215-216 Autoquest, 146 B Balance sheets, see Assets and asset income Behavioral dynamics, 19, 23

278 see also Longitudinal studies; Spells and transitions Bias, see Attrition; Censoring effect; Imputation of data; Seam effects; Time-in-sample effects; Undercoverage; Weighting adjustments Black population, 62-63, 213-214 see also Undercoverage BLAISE, 147 Budget constraints, 14, 15, 16, 20, 92, 93 Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 21, 44n, 165 C Caregiving, 36, 72 CASES, 147 CD-ROM data files, 151, 194-195 Censoring effect, 94, 98, 107-108, 182, 183-184 see also Spells and Transitions Censuses, decennial, 15, 210, 214 Center for Survey Methods Research, 228 Child care, 65, 72 Children, 9, 22, 35-36, 78, 92, 128-130 Cognitive research, 6, 11, 32, 208, 220 226 Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), 4, 9, 23, 124, 137-147, 151-152 costs, 143 telephone (CATI), 124, 138-140, 210-211 transition issues, 9, 153-157, 210, 225 Computer simulation, see Microsimulation models Conditioning, see Time-in-sample effects Conference on the Future of SIPP, 33, 34-36, 268-269 Confidentiality, 3, 33, 61, 88-89, 135 Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX), 44n, 109 Consumption measures, 36, 43-44 INDEX Contextual variables, 176-178 Continuous error monitoring, 6, 11, 217-219 Core interviews and statistics, 15, 67, 71, 75-76, 93, 169-170 analysis units, 172-176 contextual variables, 176-178 data releases, 21, 136- 137, 159, 163, 165, 169-189, 190-191 equivalence scales, 179- 181 nonresponse, 51 -54, 69-70, - 186- 189 policy issues, 170-172 and rotation groups, 117 spells and transitions, 181 - 186 Costs, computer-assisted interviewing, 143 data processing, 131-132 field operations, 124, 131 - 132, 134 Credit, access to, 7, 36, 73 Cross-sectional studies, 5, 10, 94-95, 97-98, 104, 110-111, 173-174 data products, 159, 163-165, 190 imputations and weighting, 149-150, 187, 21 1, 212 Current Population Survey (CPS) March income supplement, 3, 8, 26-27, 38-41, 55, 59, 74, 85-87, 10S, 234n coverage ratios, 62-63 nonresponse rates, 45, 52-54 P-60 series, 40, 85-86, 159, 164, 172 D Data accuracy and quality, issues, 20, 22-23, 98-100 reports on, 6, 11, 165, 196-197, 199, 206, 219 see also Attrition; Continuous error monitoring; Imputation of data; Nonresponse rates; Response errors; Seam effects; Time-in- sample effects; Undercoverage; Weighting adjustments Database management systems (DBMS), 4, 9, 23, 136, 138, 147 152

INDEX relational database management systems (RDBMS), 147-148, 152, 190 transition issues, 4, 9, 153-157, 225 Data collection, see Interviewing; Questionnaires Data processing, 134-138 costs, 131-132 staff and workload, 9, 152-153, 156- 157 see also Computer-assisted personal interviewing; Database management systems; Imputation of data; Weighting adjustments Data products, 4-5, 9-10, 20-21,38,228 core data, 21,136-137,159,163, 165,169-189,190-191 delivery media, 194-195 release of, 29,111,136-137,141, 159-163 support services, 10-11, 196-201 see also Documentation; Microdata products; P-70 series; P-60 series; Publications; Public-use files Data User Services Division, 228 D.C. Users' Group, 236-238 Debt, 60, 69 Decennial censuses, 15, 120, 214 Demographic data, 7, 10, 19, 66, 166 168 Demographic Directorate, 228-230 Demographic Statistical Methods Division (DSMD), 228 Demographic Surveys Division (DSD), 228-233 passim Department of Health and Human Services, Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, 27-28, 233 Dependency, see Welfare dependency Design alternatives, 3=, 91, 95-100 current, 92-94 recommendations, 8,117-119 user views on, 94-95 Diagnostics in software, 145-146 Dissertations based on SIPP data, 265, 267 279 Dividends, see assets and asset income Divorce, see Marriage arid marital status Documentations, 5, 10, 21, 137, 151, 1 95-200 see also Microdata products; Services for users Dress-rehearsal panel, 4, 9, 155-157 Dual-frame samples, 127-128 E Earnings, 38, 170, 221 Economic resources, measures of, 37, 43-45,54,56, 72-73 see also Assets and asset income; Equivalence scales; Income; In- kind benefits Economically at-risk population, 2,7, 34,36,42,54,123,125 Editing procedures, 57, 135,137,141 Elderly, den, 121,179 Eligibility for programs, 3,7, 18, SO, 41-42,68,73-76,84,171 see also Participation in programs; Spells and Transitions Employee benefits, 63-65 Employment, 66,166-167 Equivalence scales, 44n, 179-181 Errors, see Continuous error monitoring; Data accuracy and quality; Imputation of data; Keying errors; Reference and recall periods; Response errors; Seam effects; Undercoverage; Weighting adjustments F Face-to-face interviewing, 132-134, see also Computer-assisted personal interviewing Families, as analytic units, 172-176 composition, 3, 7, 22-23, 35-36, 66- 67, 75-76, 173, 175 see also Children; Marriage and marital status

280 Federal agencies, input from, 127 SO, 84, 236-237, 241-242 Federal Reserve Board (FRB), 60, 71 Field operations, see Interviewing File storage media, 194-195 Fixed topical modules, 15, 82 Following rules, 128-130 Food stamps, 16-17, 18, 40, 45, 47, 48, 51-53, 55, 63, 76, 79, 95, 113, 171, 184 Forward record checks, see Administrative records Fringe benefits, 63-65 Funding of SIPP, 14, 15, 16, 20, 92, 93, 93-94, 230 Fungible value, of in-kind benefits, 64 G Goals of SIPP, early development, 26-33 overview, 2-3, 14 recommendations, 7-8, 41-42, 67 views and perspectives, 33-41 H Headquarters operations, 135-138 Health insurance, 18-19, 47, 63-65 status, 81, 105 Hierarchical data bases, see Relational database management systems Higher-income households, 28, 31 Home ownership, 44, 68 Household Economic Studies (P-70 series), 86, 159-163, 167, 172 Households, as analytic units, 172-176 composition, 19, 22-23, 35-36, 66- 67, 75-76, 173, 175 production, 72 Housing and Household Economic Statistics (HHES) Division, 39, 90, 198, 228, 230 I Imputation of data, 54, 57-58, 135, 149 150, 186-187, 194, 211-213 INDEX Income, data releases, 162-163, 170-171 measures of, 2-3, 7, 37, 44-45, 56- 58, 172-174 nonresponse rates, 45, 52-54 sources, 46-48 see also After-tax income; Assets and asset income; Higher-income households; Poverty and low Income Income Survey Development Program (ISDP), 27-29, 32-33, 58, 95n, 102,108,127,203,233 Income tax, see Taxation Individual Master File (IMP), 61, 218 Informed consent, 126 INGRES, 191 In-kind benefits, 3, 7, 28, 38, 39, 44, 62-67, 171-172 Institutionalized population, 9, 23, 78, 128-130 Insurance, see Health insurance Interest, see Assets and asset income Internal Revenue Service (IRS), see Administrative records Interviewing, 13 1-134 staff, 132-134, 143 see also Computer-assisted personal interviewing; Core interviews and statistics; Interview waves; Questionnaires; Telephone interviews; Topical modules Interview waves, 4, 8, 14, 91-93, 94, 97, 112, 154, 157 attrition in, 101-103 data files, 190, 191, 193 imputation of data, 1 12, 149-150, 21 1-213 and rotation groups, 93, 1 14-1 17 see also Following rules K Keying errors, 134, 138-139 L Labor force data, 51, 66, 86, 166-167 Liabilities, see Debt

INDEX Living arrangements, see Families; Households Longitudinal studies, 23, 29, 30, 66, 77, 94, 95, 104, 125-126, 142 data products, 5, 9, 163, 164, 168, 190-191 and household definitions, 174-176 imputations and weighting, 135, 149-150, 186-189, 211-213 spell analysis, 181 - 186 Low income, see Poverty and low income M Magnetic tape formats, 190, 194 Management structure, 6, 11 - 12, 227- 236, 240-241 March CPS, see Current Population Survey Market value of in-kind benefits, 64 Mamage and marital status, 17, 19, 166, 168, 175, 177-178 Medicaid, 19, 47, 63, 64, 78, 221 Medicare, 47, 63, 64 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, 139-140 Men, see Undercoverage Methodology research and evaluation, overview, 5-6, 202-206 recommendations, 11, 216-217 reports on, 165, 196-197 see also Questionnaires; specific survey components Microdata products, 5, 10, 39-40, 135, 136-137, 189-201, 238-239 Microsimulation models, 27, 87, 94-95 Missing data, see Imputation of data; Nonresponse rates; Weighting adjustments Missing wave module, 205 Models and modeling, eligibility, 171 microsimulation, 27, 87, 94-95 spell duration, 212-213 taxation, 39, 61 Movers and moving, 92, 100-102, 119, 121-122 281 Multiple-frame samples, see Administrative records Multiple program participation, 17, 171 N National Crime Survey (NCS), 105, 109 National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), 59, 69, 71, 218 National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience (NES), 77, 107, 265-267 youth supplement (NLSY), 139, 147 Nest leaving, 19 Newborns, weighting of, 187- 188 Noncash transfers, see In-kind benefits Nonresponse rates, 20, 45, 48, 51-54, 58, 69-70, 186-189, 224 see also Attrition; Imputation of data Nutritional requirements, 179 o Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 26-27, 236-237, 241 Older population, 121, 179 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, 65 On-line data access, 192, 195, 199-200 Organization, see Management structure Overlapping panels, 110- 112 Oversampling, 8, 36, 93, 97-98, 113, 119-128, 120-125, 210, 219 Oversight, 6, 12, 236-243 P Panels, 20, 92-100 frequency, 94-95, 99, 111-112, 117 118 length, 4, 8, 35, 78, 94-95, 107-108, 117-118, 125-126, 215 overlap, 110-112 size, 8, 14, 36, 93-94, 112-113, 117 118 weighting adjustments, 186 see also Attrition; Censoring effect;

282 Interview waves; Oversampling; Rotation groups; Time-in-sample effects Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 17, 77, 96, 102-103, 146, 267 Participation in programs, 2-3, 7, 41-42, 56-57, 73-74, 171, 176 history, 78-79 multiple, 17, 171 see also Eligibility for programs; Recidivism; Spells and transitions Policy issues, 22, 26, 37-38, 241-242 core data, 170-172 and topical modules, 80, 83-84 Population Division (POP), 228, 230 Poverty and low income, equivalence scales, 179-180 and household definitions, 175 oversampling, 36, 120-125, 210 tax burden, 59 see also Income; Spells and transitions Primary sampling units (PSUs), 120, 123 Processing, see Data processing Programming, see Database management systems P-70 senes, 86,159-163,167,172 P-60 senes, 40, 85-86,159,164,172 Publications, 5, 10, 39-40, 111, 136- 137,158-169, 239-240 by SIPP users, 265-267 see also P-70 series; P-60 senes; Research reports Public-use files, 151, 191-195 see also Microdata products Q Quarterly data releases, 159,161-163 Query language, 148 Questionnaire Implementation System Census (QUISC), 145-147 Questionnaires, 11, 23,32,90,110, 111-112,133,137,141-143 INDEX cognitive research, 11, 32,208,220- 226 and computerization, 138-49 passim, 153-156 content evaluation, 206-209 processing, 134-135,141 screening interviews, 8,123-125 see also Core interviews; Topical modules R Ratio-estimation procedure s, 213 -214 Recall, see Reference and recall periods Recidivism, 77-78, 108 Record checks, see Administrative records Records, use of, 223-224, Rectangular data files, 190, 193 Reference and recall periods, 8, 94-95, 98,99,108-110,114,118-119, 209-210,222,223 Refusals, see Attrition Regional office operations, 134-135, 147 Relational database management systems (RDBMS), see Database management systems Research reports, 5, 10, 165-166, 168 see also Methodology research and evaluation Response errors, 38-39, 57, 89-90, 99, 108, 209, 221-223 asset items, 69, 71-72 Right-censoring effect, 94, 107-108, 182, 183-184 Rotation groups, 8, 91-92, 95, 104-105, 1 14-1 17, 1 17, 1 19, 190-191 S Samples, see Attrition; Multiple-frame samples; Oversampling; Panels; Rotation groups; Time-in-sample effects; Undercoverage Scientific Information Retrieval software, 147

INDEX Screening interviews, 8, 123-125 Seam effects, 99, 109- 110, 224 Services for users, 5, 10-11, 192, 195 201, 228, 230-231 Short-term poverty and assistance, see Spells and transitions Single-parent families, 17, 18-19 SIPP ACCESS, 191, 192n, 267 SIPP On Call Data Extraction System, 192, 195 SIPP Quality Profile, 11, 197, 206, 219 SIPP Users' Guide, 10, 196, 199 SIPP Working Paper series, 165-166, 197, 219 Skip patterns, 142-143, 145 Smeeding, Timothy M., 33, 36-38, 45, 67 Social Science Research Council (SSRC), 237-238 Social security, 17, 45, 46, 51-53, 55, 88, 171 Social Security Administration, 15, 27, 31-32, 89 Social security numbers (SSNs), 32, 61 Social services, 79-80 Software, see Computer-assisted personal interviewing; Database management systems; Statistical software packages Spells and transitions, 3, 7, 16-17, 41- 42, 76-79, 109-110, 123 censoring effect, 94, 98, 107-108, 182, 183-184 in core data, 181-186 data products, 163, 166-167, 168 Spend-down of assets, 18 Staff, analysis, 6, 10, 12, 83-84, 165- 166, 168-169, 235 data processing, 9, 152- 153, 156- 157 interviewing, 132-134, 143 Statistical software packages, 150-151 Statistics Canada, 83, 153, 165 Statistics of Income (SOI) Division, IRS, 61, 153 Status changes, 176-178 see also Spells and transitions Structured query language, 148 283 Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 17, 40, 45, 46, 4S, 52-53, 55, 74, 78, 127, 129, 171 Support services, 10-11, 192, 195-201, 228, 230-231 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), 21n Survey design, see Design alternatives Survival analysis, 182-183, 185, 212- 213 see also Spells and Transitions T Taxation, 31, 80, 1 16n, 171-172 see also After-tax income Telephone interviews, 132-134 computer-assisted (CATI), 124, 138- 140, 210-211 Time-in-sample effects, 98, 99, 104- 107 Topical modules, 2, 7-8, 15, 30, 31, 35, 42, 65, 67, 69-71, 73, 75, 80- 84, 93, 111, 118 data products, 136, 163, 167, 168 Transitions, see Spells and transitions Turnover of interviewers, 133 U Undercoverage, 20, 22-23, 54, 62-63, 211, 213-215, 219 Unemployment compensation, 51-53, 57, 171 Unrelated persons in households, 22 Users of SIPP data, 193-194, 236-243 publications by, 265-267 support services, 10-11, 192, 195- 201, 228, 230-231 views on design, 34-36, 94-95 V Valuation, of assets, 68-69 of in-kind benefits, 64-65 Variable topical modules, 15, 82 Voting behavior, 105

284 W Waves, see Interview waves Weighting adjustments, 103-104, 112, 127, 186-189, 21 1-214 INDEX see also Attrition Welfare dependency, 20, 37, 76-77 Well-being, see Economically at-risk population; Economic resources

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This book evaluates changes needed to improve the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Conducted by the Census Bureau, SIPP is a major continuing survey that is designed to provide information about the economic well-being of the U.S. population and its need for and participation in government assistance programs (e.g., social security, Medicare, Medicaid, food stamps, AFDC).

This volume considers the goals for the survey, the survey and sample design, data collection and processing systems, publications and other data products, analytical techniques for using the data, the methodological research and evaluation to implement and assess the redesign, and the management of the program at the Census Bureau.

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