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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1980. The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1980. The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1980. The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1980. The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1980. The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1980. The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1980. The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1980. The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1980. The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21.
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56 REFERENCES American Academy of Dermatology. 1975. Systemic antibiotics for treatment of acne vulgaris. Efficacy and safety. Compiled by the Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Antibiotics in Dermatology, Division of Research, National Program for Dermatology. Arch. Denmatol. 111:1630-1636. Anderson, E. S. 1968a. Drug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium and its implications. Br. Med. J. 3:333-339. Anderson, E. S. 1968b. The ecology of transferable drug resistance in the enterobacteria. Annul Rev. Microbial. 22:131-180. Anderson, E. S., and N. Datta. 1965. Resistance to penicillins and its transfer in Enterobacteriaceae. Lancet 1:407-409. Animal Health Institute. 1979. 1979 Feed Additive Compendium. The Miller Publishing Company, Minneapolis, Mn. 366 pp. Betinova, M. 1972. Incidence of antibiotic resistant staphylococci in humans from different environments in Slovakia. Pp. 385-390 in V. Krcmery, L. Rosival, and T. Watanabe, eds. Bacterial Plasmids and Antibiotic Resistance. First International Sympo- sium. Infectious Antibiotic Resistance. Castle of Smolenice, Czechoslovakia, 1971. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York. Braude, R. 1978. Antibiotics in animal feeds in Great Britain. J. Anim. Sci. 46:1425-1436. Brumfitt, W., D. S. Reeves, M. C. Faiers, and N. Datta. 1971. Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia cold causing urinary-tract infection in general practice: Relation to faecal flora. Lancet 1:315-317. Bulling, E., R. Stephan, and V. Sebek. 1973. [In German; English abstract.] Die Entwicklung der Antibiotika-resistenz van Salmonellabakterien tierischer Herkunft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland einschl. Berlin (West). 1. Mitteiling: Ein Ver- gleich Zwischen 1961 und 1970-71. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Para- sitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg., I. Abt. Orig Reihe A 225:245-256.

57 Burton, G. C., D. C. Hirsh, D. C. Blenden, and J. L. Zeigler. 1974. The effects of tetracycline on the establishment of Escherichia cold of animal origin, and In viva transfer of antibiotic resistance, in the intestinal tract of man. Pp. 241-253 in F. A. Skinner and J. G. Carr, eds. The Society for Applied Bacteriology Symposium Series No. 3.- The Normal Microbial Flora of Man. Academic Press, London and New York. Center for Disease Control. 1977. An Outbreak of Multiple Drug- Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg, Connecticut. Reported by M. L. Cohen, J. G. Wells, C. L. Samples, P. A. Blake, J. L. Conrad, and E. J. Gangarosa. Report Number EPI-77-13-2. Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. 8 pp. Cherubin, C.E., J. F. Timoney, M. F. Sierra, P. Ma, J. Marr, and S. Shin. 1980. A sudden decline in ampicillin resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 243:439-442. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. In press. Anti- biotics in Animal Feeds. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Ia. Darn, C. R., R. K. Tsutakawa, D. Fein, G. C. Burton, and D. C. Blenden. 1975. Antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia cold isolated from farm families consuming home-raised meat. Am. J. Epidemiol. 102:319-326. Fein, D., G. Burton, R. Tsutakawa, and D. Blenden. 1974. Matching of antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia cold of farm families and their animals. J. Infect. Dis. 130:274-279. Finkel, M. J. 1978. Magnitude of antibiotic use. Ann. Intern. Med. 89:791-792. Finland, M. 1955a. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. N. Engl. J. Med. 253:909-922. Finland, M. 1955b. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (continued). N. Engl. J. Med. 253:969-979. Finland, M. 1955c. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (concluded). N. Engl. J. Med. 253:1019-1028. lo. Finland, M. 1979. Emergence of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, 1935-1975. Rev. Infect. Dis. 1:4-21. - Fish, N. A., M. C. Finlayson, and R. P. Carere. 1967. Salmonello- sis: Report of a human case following direct contact with infected cattle. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 96:1163-1165.

58 Food and Drug Administration. 1972. Report to the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration by the FDA Task Force on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Feeds. Bureau of Veterinary Med- icine, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare, Rockville, Md. 21 pp. Food and Drug Administration. 1978. Draft Environmental Impact Statement--Subtherapeutic Antibacterial Agents in Animal Feeds. Bureau of Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Rockville, Md. [371 + xviii] pp. Goldberg, H. S., R. N. Goodman, J. T. Logue, and F. P. Handler. 1961. Long-term, lo~level antibiotics and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 80-88. Guinee, P., N. Ugueto, and N. van Leeuwen. 1970. Escherichia cold with resistance factors in vegetarians, babies, and nonvegetar- ians. Appl. Microbiol. 20:531-535. Haight, T. H., and W. E. Pierce. 1954. Influence of small doses of antibiotics on the weight behavior of young males. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 44:807-808. Hartley, C. L., and M. H. Richmond. 1975. Antibiotic resistance and survival of E. cold in the alimentary tract. Br. J. Med. 4:71-74. Hirsh, D. C., and N. Wiger. 1977. Effect of tetracycline upon transfer of an R plasmid from calves to human beings. Am. T Vet. Res. 38:1137-1139. Hirsh, D. C., G. C. Burton, and D. C. Blenden. 1974. The effect of tetracycline upon establishment of Escherichia cold of bovine origin in the enteric tract of man. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 37:327- 333. Huber, W. G. 1971. The impact of antibiotic drugs and their residues. Adv. Vete Sci. Comp. Med. 15:101-132. Jukes, T. H. 1973. Public health significance of feeding low levels of antibiotics to animals. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 16:1-30. Kass, E. H. 1978. Horatio at the orifice: The significance of bac teriuria. J. Infect. Dis. 138:546-557.

s9 Kleckner, N. 1977. Translocatable elements in procaryotes. Cell 11:11-23. Kunin, C. M. 1979. Problems in antibiotic usage. Pp. 383-395 in J. L. Mandell, R. G. Douglas, Jr., and J. E. Bennett, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y. Lebek, G. 1972. Epidemiological investigations of it-factors in man and animals in Switzerland. Pp. 47-54 in V. Kr~cme'ry, L. Rosival, and T. Watanabe, eds. Bacterial Plasmids and Antibio- tic Resistance. First International Symposium. Infectious Antibiotic Resistance. Castle of Smolenice, Czechoslovakia, 1971. Avicenum, Czechoslovak Medical Press, Prague and Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York. Levy, S. B. 1978. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the intestinal flora of farm inhabitants. J. Infect. Dis. 137: 688-690. Levy, S. B., G. B. FitzGerald, and A. B. Macone. 1976a. Changes in intestinal flora of farm personnel after introduction of a tetracycline-supplemented feed on a farm. N. Engl. J. Med. 295:583-588. Levy, S. B., G. B. FitzGerald, and A. B. Macone. 1976b. Spread of antibiotic-resistant plasmids from chicken to chicken and from chicken to man. Nature 260:40-42. Linton, A. H., K. Howe, P. M. Bennett, M. H. Richmond, and E. J. Whiteside. 1977. The colonization of the human au* by antibio- tic resistant Escherichia cold from chickens. J. Appl. Bacter~ol. 43:465-469. Linton, K. B., P. A. Lee, M. H. Richmond, W. A. Gillespie, A. J. Row- land, and V. N. Baker. 1972. Antibiotic resistance and trans- missible it-factors in the intestinal colifonm flora of healthy adults and children in an urban and a rural community. J. Hyg., Camb. 70:99-104. Linton, K. B., M. H. Richmond, R. Bevan, and W. A. Gillespie. 1974. Antibiotic resistance and R factors in coliform bacilli isolated f rom hospital and domestic sewage. J. Med. Microbiol. 7:91-103. Lyons, R. W. , C. L. Samples, H. N. DeSilva, K. A. Ross, E. M. Julian, and P. J. Checko. 1980. An epidemic of resistant Salmonella in a nursery. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 243:546-547.

60 McVay, L. V., Jr., and D. H. Sprunt. 1953. Aureomycin in the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. N. Engl. J. Med. 249:387-393. Mercer, H. D., D. Pocurull, S. Gaines, S. Wilson, and J. V. Bennett. 1971. Characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia cold from animals: Relationship to veterinary and management uses of antimicrobial agents. Appl. Microbiol. 22:700-705. Meyer, P. W., and S. J. Lerman. 1980. Rise and fall of Shigella antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 17:101- 102. Mussman, H. C. 1975. Drug and chemical residues in domestic animals. Fed. Proc. 34:197-201. Neu, H. C., P. J. Huber, and E. B. Winshell. 1973. Interbacterial transfer of R factor in humans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 3:542-544. Office of Technology Assessment. 1979. Drugs in Livestock Feed. Volume I: Technical Report. Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, Washington, D.C. 67 pp. Parrillo, J. E., G. C. Borst, M. H. Mazur, P. Iannini, M. S. Klempner, R. C. Moellering, Jr., and S. E. Anderson. 1979. Endocarditis due to resistant viridans streptococci during oral penicillin chemoprophylaxis. N. Engl. J. Med. 30:296-300. Petrocheilou, V., M. H. Richmond, and P. M. Bennett. 1977. Spread of a single plasmid clone to an untreated individual from a person receiving prolonged tetracycline therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 12:219-225. Petrocheilou, V., M. H. Richmond, and P. M. Bennett. 1979. The per- sistence of plasmid-carrying tetracycline-resistant Escherichia cold in a married couple, one of whom was receiving antibiotics. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 16:225-230. Pfizer, Inc. 1978. Material submitted to the Food and Drug Adminis- tration Hearing Clerk under Docket Numbers 77N-0230 (penicillin) and 77N-0316 (tetracyclines). Food and Drug Administration, De- partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Rockville, Md. Richmond, M. H. 1975. R factors in man and his environment. Pp. 27- 35 in D. Schlessinger, ed. Microbiology--1974. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

61 Richmond, M. H., and K. B. Linton. 1980. The use of tetracy- cline in the community and its possible relation to the excretion of tetracycline-resistant bacteria. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 6:33-41. Rowe, B., E. J. Threlfall, L. R. Ward, and A. S. Ashley. 1979. International spread of multiresistent strains of Salmonella typhimurium phage types 204 and 193 from Britain to Europe. Vet. Rec. 105:468-469. Schmidt, H., E. From, and G. Heydenreich. 1973. Bacteriological examination of rectal specimens during long-tenm oxytetracycline treatment for acne vulgaris. Acta Denmatol. Venereal. 53:153- 156. Seelig, M. S. 1966. Mechanisms by which antibiotics increase the in- cidence and severity of candidiasis and alter the immunological defenses. Bacterial. Revs. 30:442-459. Siegel, D. 1976. The Ecological Effects of Antimicrobial Agents on Enteric Florae of Animals and Man. Final Technical Report, FDA Contract Number 71-269. Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Rockville, Md. 404 pp. Siegel, D., W. G. Huber, and S. Drysdale. 1975. Human therapeutic and agricultural uses of antibacterial drugs and resistance of the enteric flora of humans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 8:538-543. Smith, H. W. 1969. Transfer of antibiotic resistance from animal and human strains of Escherichia cold to resident _. cold in the alimentary tract of man. Lancet 1:1174-1176. Smith, H. W. 1977. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria and associated problems in farm animals before and after the 1969 Swann report. Pp. 344-357 in M. Woodbine, ed. Antibiotics and Antibiosis in Agriculture with Special Reference to Synergism. Butterworth, Boston, Mass. 386 pp. Smith, H. W., and W. E. Crabb. 1961. The faecal bacterial flora of animals and man: Its development in the young. J. Pathol. Bac- teriol. 82:53-66. Smith, I. M., E. Habte-Gabr, F. W. Gutzman, D. W. Pearson, and L. F. Burmeister. 1974. Antibiotic Resistance of Animal and Human Bacteria and Human Disease in Relation to the Use of Animal Antibiotic Feed Supplements. Paper presented at the 14th Inter- science Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 11-13. 30 pp.

62 Solka, W. J., C. Wxay, and E. B. Hudson. 1977. A survey of drug resistance in salmonellae isolated from animals in England and Wales during 1973 and 1974. Br. Vet. J. 133:292-311. Sprunt, K. 1977. Role of antibiotic resistance in bacterial endo- carditis. Pp. 17-19 in E. L. Kaplan and A. V. Taranta, eds. Infective Endocarditis. American Heart Association Symposium. Proceedings of a Seminar, Dallas, Texas, May 14-15, 1976. The American Heart Association, Inc., Dallas, Tx. Stephan, R., E. Bulling, and A. Steinbeck. 1976a. [In German; English summary.] Die Entwicklung der Antibiotikaresistenz van Salmonellabakterien tierischer Herkunft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland einschliesslich Berlin (West). 3. Mitteilung: Jahresbericht 1972. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infek- tionskr. Hyg., I. Abt. Orig. Reihe A 234:29-36. Stephan, R., E. Bulling, and A. Steinbeck. 197 fib. [In German; English summary.] Die Entwicklung der Antibiotikaresistenz van Salmonellabakterien tierischer Herkunft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland einschliesslich Berlin (West). 4. Mitteilung: Jahresbericht 1973. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infek- tionskr. Hyg., I. Abt. Orig. Reihe A 234:37-45. Stephan, R., E. Bulling, and A. Steinbeck. 1977a. [In German; English summary.] Die Entwicklung der Antibiotikaresistenz van Salmonellabakterien tierischer Herkunft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland einschleisslich Berlin (West). 5. Mitteilung: Jahresbericht 1974. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infek- tionskr. Hyg., I. Abt. Orig. Reihe A 237:254-263. Stephan, R., E. Bulling, and A. Steinbeck. 1977b. [In German; English summary.] Die Entwicklung der Antibiotikaresistenz van Salmonellabakterien tierischer Herkunft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland einschliesslich Berlin (West). 6. Mitteilung: Jahresbericht 1975. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infek- tionskr. Hyg., I Abt. Orig. Reihe A 237:264-273. Stollerman, G. H. 1978. Trends in bacterial virulence and anti- biotic susceptibility: Streptococci, pneumococci, and gonococci. Ann. Intern. Med. 89:746-748. Swann, M. M., K. L. Blaxter, H. I. Field, J. W. Howie, I. A. M. Lucas, E. L. M. Millar, J. C. Murdoch, J. H. Parsons, and E. G. White. 1969. Report of the Joint Committee on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine. Cmnd. 4190. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. 83 pp.

63 Threlfall, E. J., L. R. Ward, and B. Rowe. 1978a. Epidemic spread of a chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium phase type 204 in bovine animals in Britain. Vet. Rec. 103: 438-440. Threlfall, E. J., L. R. Ward, and B. Rowe. 1978b. Spread of multi- resistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium phage types 204 and 193 in Britain. Br. Med. J. 2: 997. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1978. Economic Effects of a Pro- hibition an the Use of Selected Animal Drugs. Agricultural Economic Report No. 414, Econonic, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 68 pp. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1979. Monitoring Phase Biological Residue Report, January 1978 through December 1978. Data from Residue Monitoring Program, Food Safety and Quality Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. U. S. International Trade Commission. 1951-1979. Synthetic Organic Chemicals. United States Production and Sales, 1950-1978. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. U. S. International Trade Commission. 197 9. Section VI. Medicinal chemicals. Pp. 150-17 6 in Synthetic Organic Chenicals, 1978. United States Production and Sales, 1978. USITC Publication 1001. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Valtonen, M. V., R. H. Ylikahri, R. J. Suomalainen, and V. V. Val- tonen. 1977. Selection of multiresistant coliforms by long- term treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with neomycin. Br. Med. J. 1:683-684. Van Leeuwen, W. J., J. Van Embden, P. Guinee, E. H. Kampelmacher, A. Manten, M. Van Schothorst, and C. E. Voogd. 1979. Derrease of drug resistance in Salmonella in the Netherlands. Ant~microb. Agents Chemother. 16:237-239. Wells, D. M., and 0. B. James. 1973. Transmission of infectious drug resistance from animals to man. J. Hyg., Camb. 71:209-215. Wiedemann, B., and H. Knothe. 1971. Epidemiological investigations of R factor bearing enterobacteria in man and animal in Germany. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 182:380-382.

64 Woods, D. R., D. Marcos, and D. A. Hendry. 1972. The incidence of R factors among coliform bacteria. S. Afr. Med. J. 46:189-191 , - World Health Organization. 1974. Long-Term Programme in Environ- mental Pollution Control in Europe. Control of Harmful Residues in Food for Human and Animal Consumption. The Public Health Aspects of Antibiotics in Feedstuffs. Report of a Working Group convened by the Regional Of f ice for Europe of the World Health Organization, Bxemen, 1-5 October 1973. EURO 3604~2~. Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen. 35 pp. World Health Organization. 1976. Public Health Aspects of Antibiotic- Resistant Bacteria in the Environment. Report on a consultation meeting, Brussels, 9-12 December 1975. ICP/FSP 002. Regional Of f ice for E urope, World Health Organization, Copenhagen. 13 pp . World Health Organization. 1978. Surveillance for the Prevention and Control of Health Hazards Due to Antibiotic-Resistant Entero- bacteria. Report of a WHO Meeting. Tech. Rep. Series 624. World Health Organization, Geneva. 57 pp.

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