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Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines: Evidence Bearing on Causality
Reference
Relationship to Recipient
Immune Deficiency or History of Polio Immunization in Contact
Adams et al., 1977
31-yr-old mother of infant
Depressed T-cell function
Orzechowska-Wolczyk et al., 1976
25-yr-old mother of child
No information
Wilson and Robinson, 1974
4-mo-old contact of infant
Unimmunized
Kostrzewski, 1973
Six children in group care
No information
Haneberg and Orstavik, 1972
1-yr-old younger brother of 10-yr-old recipient
Unimmunized
Kuwert et al., 1971
48-yr-old grandmother
No information
Riker et al., 1971
8-mo-old sibling of a recipient
Probable hereditary thymic dysplasia
Stolley et al., 1968
16-mo-old cousin of recipient
Probable hypogammaglobulinemia, unimmunized
Balduzzi and Glasgow, 1967
5-yr-old classmate of recipient
Had received four doses of Salk vaccine and one dose of type 2 Sabin vaccine
Swanson et al., 1967
29-yr-old father of 2-yr-old
Unimmunized
Morse et al., 1966
43-yr-old mother of infant
Unimmunized
Case Reports, Case Series, and Uncontrolled Observational Studies
Table 7-5 summarizes the three cases of transverse myelitis that have been reported in the literature to occur following vaccination with OPV. Two cases occurred in infants. A seven-month old girl developed symptoms 6 days after receiving OPV and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DT) (Whittle and Roberton, 1977). A 20-month girl developed symptoms 1 month after receiving OPV and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DPT). She was found to be hypogammaglobulinemic (Douglas and Anolik, 1981). The third case occurred in a 24-year-old woman who was simultaneously vaccinated with OPV and typhoid and cholera vaccines (D'Costa et al., 1990). The woman had a fever at the time of vaccination and had an upper respiratory tract infection and pharyngitis for the 5 weeks preceding vaccination. The committee is aware of a case of transverse myelitis in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (Richard B. Johnston, Yale University, New Haven, personal communication, 1993). Vaccine-strain poliovirus was isolated from the myocardium. VAERS listed two cases (submitted between November 1990 and July 1992) of transverse myelitis that occurred in patients after receiving a combination
