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i Biographical Memoirs NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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iii NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Biographical Memoirs VOLUME 62 NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. 1993
iv The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, non- profit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-04782-X LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629 Available from NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CONTENTS v CONTENTS PREFACE ix GEORGE FREDERIC BARKER 3 BY EDGAR F. SMITH WILLIAM BLOOM 17 BY RONALD SINGER JOHN NATHANIEL COUCH 39 BY PAUL J. SZANISZLO MAX LUDWIG HENNING DELBRÃCK 67 BY WILLIAM HAYES MICHAEL DOUDOROFF 119 BY H. A. BARKER HERBERT FRIEDMANN 143 BY S. DILLON RIPLEY
CONTENTS vi JACOB FURTH 167 BY SIDNEY WEINHOUSE AND JOHN F. FURTH JOY PAUL GUILFORD 199 BY ANDREW L. COMREY JOEL HENRY HILDEBRAND 225 BY KENNETH S. PITZER GERARD PETER KUIPER 259 BY DALE P. CRUIKSHANK LEONARD AMBY MAYNARD 297 BY DAPHNE A. ROE I. I. RABI 311 BY NORMAN F. RAMSEY RICHARD BROOKE ROBERTS 327 BY ROY J. BRITTEN KENNETH DAVID ROEDER 351 BY V. G. DETHIER FRANZ SCHRADER 369 BY KENNETH W. COOPER WILLIAM SMITH TILLETT 383 BY H. SHERWOOD LAWRENCE MAURICE BOLKS VISSCHER 415 BY HORACE W. DAVENPORT
CONTENTS vii ROBERT WILLIAMS WOOD 441 BY G. H. DIEKE DON MERLIN LEE YOST 467 BY JOHN S. WAUGH CUMULATIVE INDEX 485
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PREFACE ix PREFACE On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy's goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good. The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subject's work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in Americaâan important part of our nation's contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world. PETER H. RAVEN Home Secretary
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