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Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa (1993)

Chapter: 6 Cross-National Comparisons

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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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Suggested Citation:"6 Cross-National Comparisons." National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2228.
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~6 . ~ ~ ~Cf d Is s ~ N ati~o~nJ1 SAC ohms icon s ~ . i~sS ~ ~ : ,~ .S.:: ::E.S: 11 ill ~asonih~S~eX-t~!~< Ems ~^ lain* itb~ss~$o~ version i~dUc~by~ ~di~ces~in~ ~=onomi.~ ~s~ctu~$~ ~d. h~K -at Spa I mote ~ p=~rs~ ~ 10 ~ given economics ~ ~i~nd!~s ~ frosts severs ~ In ~chnclusioh~s ~may~ s~s~c~ly~si~ghi#~co-< by county be~c=~s6~s~pl~s~i~zesEss~^s~s~lim!~!~d~, ~but~bos~ c~si~sency~!~s~s C~bU~lFi~e~S.~S~g0S1S ~S=~i!~e~Ct. by Abel said t~ ~e coo Camp amens ~ ~ ~# ^~c~clu~i~- ~ Is ~ ding ~ arm ^ ~ an-} :!p~Cj~ ~/ ~ S~i!g~i~0 ~ :le~sli~g~ Abel ~con~bEtin~g ~ ~ ~!~jon5~ncp ~ in tag overall Solos. ~ Me these comp~isson~s me bare selected stir sized eco- nomic India sobs ~~l~di~ ~di~<iops~QfE~s~s<~mic reversal. The ~{S1 i~ndic~op ~~ proses Mesa p~duc1 (0DP) Ape cilia, provides .. ~ ne~ ~{cg~r ~ ~ is ~~ ~ E~l~v~ countries. ^~seLoa~d is ~= final of Me Juan~lit~ of 6~.~ blab ejects the pa ~ nuance ofibe econb~y's dawn secDor,excl~udin! dice edicts. The Iris t _ .s of Lade, ~bicb ih!t~od~6ces tab pace dimension idea ~d Bath ~6 egg pop quantum and tbele~ns~of lade am a)illibld far il~lcounties~stddied except Botswana The gum indicator is me gonad Spice of a counts 4#cultu~T ox~po~, ibic~b is a component of Slews of Made and, once egged sate gad c~ plausibly ~ re~g~=d~d as dioge~u~s. - . ~\

7 4g~ai~,ex~o~e~nou~sly delennined. ^~aip,only Bots~nalackslbisi~ndicato~ For Gbana, ~igeda,and ]b!@O. the product is C:OCO3; for Kenya and Grandpa., ills clotted; and fb, Sensed, groundout. Tht Arch indicatoris the Todd pace of ~ coun~>'s m On mineral export again ~ component oflenn~s of Wide and Venously detennined. Tbrep ofourcoun~ies, Obana,~Kenya, gad Candy- doom b~odhantss~nliti~$~of vermin -1 and condo notcon~i~bai61o!ibl~sc~ ~ bison: The Boi{~anieconom:y is idYOn almost Slimly by He export ~ ~ single maim, diamonds, for Climb ~ sedes on Todd prices :is ovaiI~le; however Botswana Spends so baggily on dia~- monds ~ Posse pace By coved almost peachy fifth Gay Plus tbisindic~loris used fool dare counties: ~igeria(oil),S~e=~ (pbos- pbales~),~nd Togo~pbospb~s). Thc~s~ix~fbindica$ori~s Me pnod~cerp~ce~of ~ ~o~tr~$~' In agdc~ul~1haex~o~ croo~:~maio~blab~k ofs~1u~1ad~i~st~ ment progTam~s~i$~to~imp~ovc p~ce~1nceD$1ves in t~e~p~oducll`~e~sect ~ al the economy so tb~i~s I ~ may couple ~ us$men~eBbc!ls parse. This indictor is avails for All conies except ~Bots~ano and Uganda. Besides p=~sen~li~ng Sulk ~ Me tom samples for Deb of me egos nomads i~i!C~, we su~adze result ad. ~e Ural arid rural samples, to explore ~betber the equals of certain indict are:morp pronou~ced~in ~B~se~!tke~!~sannblS~!~s~s~i~ze~s~ib~diban , . ^ mike!!~!~stb~is~s~utb~<r'r~sco~ast~ I! !fb(!~ ~Bbis~ida!!~hd~-~!~anda~i~fbr ~Y~sof~!~!fie dOmO$~lC!! OUTCOMES I !!10~!~ am Calls ~mO~l$~ ~ ~ ~ ~ !~ ~ <age ~ ~ ~ ~, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~= ~ ~!~!~ ~betber~tbe~e # cls~idenli~ed~ Am ~merely!! !~!~mi~g ~C0tCSlS ~0~ ~ it 1bn~g0~t6~!!~leYbI~Ss~ ~ ~ ElAs~Uci:ties~!~ ~31~ ~ ~sig~i~#yi ~d~i^~n1~-~z6~s~!s~ short by crossers, Roberts nonsigni~canlv~ue~s a~srked~by Mindless ~s^~T AND!~C~D! ~OSkTAL~1~ ~ Page~l A~of.~tigupe i~l~ssho~$!~the es~lim~les o{~Iinc~ar trends~f,~ch:)d ~ -~.~ Rely. F0Ftbecot~ saw plq<~al.l~(be taped e~s~im ~ s ares~lgni#F~ndy di{~- entf·~n~z~o~:they lance Mom al p~ep$~nngalince -~(foT~ganda)~lo a~3 pepog~tangual ~c~!inc(for Boar). Tbe ~ drip decli~ncis 3 percent DcrYeac Tbe~cen~e decli~esio don areas~ge ~ m Olo 3 oerc~n~l: ~ .. s ~ ~ ~ s ~ Is s s s ^r fail to ~m~l~ ~ judo Id rural ~ch~lld=~.~sp^: 1~c tread ems Air ~ Sager ~ Tog ad ~ ~~ (~d go) Id bus ~ weeds one ~ lap of ~ ago. . ~ i~si~i~c=0y dimes

]:~:7 . :: :m i: hi: ~ A:: ~ :: ~ : m: ~ ~ ~ ~: := : ~ i: i: ~i: ~ ~ : ~ i:: ::: i: i::: ~ ~ if: ~: i: := : :~ :~: :;; : :~: ~:~ hi: - ~:~: ::::: : ~ ~ ~:~:;~: :$:: ~:~;::: ::: :~ aid: :* aid: ;::: ~ ~ Ite :: ::::: :::: :: $ :< >~:~:~: +: : i:: : i:: = ~: : ~ : - ,, : : : ~= ; ~ :~ ~ : ~ In: ~ ~ :: i: ~ :~ :~ ~: ~ ~ i:: ~ if; :~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :: :~ i: :: ~ ~ : By: :::::: i:: : ~ ~ i: :~ ail: I: ~ hi; :~ ~ ~ :: ~ hi: ~ ;: : ~::~ :O ::~: = t: ~ :: :~ : Go;:: ~:~ = ~A' : L, ~ ::' i: 95~:0 Id {~Y At: .~: ~.; i. ~ ::; ~. ~ ~i: ~: ~ : m. i: ~:: i: ~= Ad. . ~ t! . = $:: ~; ~- ; ~ ~ . ~ ~i; -; = :~$: = :` At: 04: A* £ +- L : ~ i: . . ._ - i: ~ - ~ ~ : m: =~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ :f ~ ::; 95~.3 .. T~Y At: At: At;; ~ i: :~ i: :m :: ~ . = g : : :~: .~l :: A: .. A... i: ~ : A< :;~:: .$ · . ~ i;: :;:;;: A: : i: :~: :~: .. Hi:: · -hi; :: :: ::: · ~ : :: At: :1 3 ~:~: at = i. = ::*< :~.: {sx :: :: i: = it =:: ~ - ; :: A: ;: : = i: :~ : :~x = :~ ~ ~:~ .; ~: = :~ :~ - ~ i:: hi: ~£4 At: ~ =: ~.£> I; i:; - :: Dips: An: ~:~ ~;~ i:: ~ =:~: ;~ ~ :~ ~ - ~::~:: ~:At: ~ :: =~' ~ ~am ~ ~x ~ :~ ~ ~ 1: ~ ~) :: :: :: :: :~: ~ ~ Ha ~;~:~e :~v ~ ~ .. ~ = . ~ - ~ .m OX ~ =~ ~ a5~3 G.~.~. tGnuUY :^ ~ i: . ~ ~ ~ = ~: : : :~:3:: :*~ :~: .~ I. At. S - . .~ hi: 'I'd: 0~ hi:: i: At: AX=:. ' ~ '::?':: :' I'm Tic 'ok? .~ 0 . .~ .; ~ ~ = ~.~ . :.: .x: :~ At. := :: - ;:: := ~*: ::' OF:: A: As .. ~ ~At: Cog: c,... ..~. ~ . :: m .. :: :~ 3~:: .,g:;- . hi; i; A.:: :~. ; ~ ~ tI Ax X,~X At: *fin At: An, ~- .s~4 ... '9~C:

7^ bee been outraced by decliners in =~ ~as, blob range ~ 2 1O 5 Scent. Excluding the $~ci31 case of [~=da. child modality mews 1O bee Declined 1hrou~bo~ut ~ 19s70s and ~1980s eve, ~- c=~se Me Sad measure is a lined one, ~c an~ys~is would ~01 pick ~ gay aged Verse in Ace Slyly ape of the time period covered. Figurers 6-2 ~ 6~7 summed ~ladonsb~s ~ dbild monadic dsk$ Ed the slit s~d~ economic disco across We seven counties ~s$udi~ed. If 1bby ~ av~l~le, sum a~ given seedily Air Em, ~' and goal p~ulil~ions. In 1be case~of child m~i~t~ ~ give Scent Dices 43t Amplify gals as the economic indicter improves, and {us fag flora ~i~1y~riscs ~ He epic indigen Cyclic&. WE : : :. AS:::. . :: S S ~ ~ E ~ ~ ~ t~ ~q ^~1 Spin ~1 CDt ~, chimp Spend to bevy ~ tidos~uo^ doling Sip ~ lairs of zebu ones SO Myers, Big ~ gon~1~1y negative get sum, TV child am City gears 10 ~ bibbed ASH toed in ~e year Of a ~/l.ili~{e:ly loan O~O~P #clue Aid stag years Iota ~ lo~er~tban He ~su~s~of Be ~c^~c-i~ indicate ~1 over ,_~# ~ IS. EN :.:~:E? :. !:: ~ ~ ~ ~ S par Cobalt<. OF Amp ~sample, He m~ed~i~!~eT~cic~ity Is ~ ~2 al Ad zag, +0.3 ~ lay one. add ~ ~ ~ ~1~ 1~-, vial ~ acedia gel sag of ~ 3 However tbe el.~$ticide~s ~Es~i~and:y di^=n$ atom ago only ~ Gel ~~o~ye~ lag ~r Age ~ He seven cones ~ ~ He net sum #only gown pang, Olin a negative net slug In USA Hem, bat ago clues net sum <a ~ He estimates Inertly ~#Ss#61 signi~cibtly di~re~1 Ham Se ~msu]:ls for e~po~ qu~lam {Fi~qu~ 6~3) show a sob simile pang, ale cleanser enacts being as Positive ela$dci:Y ~1sa~ Sue co~un~- ~ced b+ a Evasive e~laslic~i~ at lag 1~03~ He ovsc~l~1 m~nisludes of Age elesl~l~c~l~es ~ smile Hey ~~ ~r qpP ~r cavity, De n~ hums ~ go longer Levy derogative. c~:~e~ven gouge some of loam awe c--dicm~ ~signs. ~ Despite hying ~ number ~ e~l~s~i.l~i~s that ~ sign~i~c=1 at He count fly levels He Aces of tab =~d child Marty {Figure 6~) have no acted {ladonsb~ amass ~e~cbun~es,~se~er at any in~v~idu~ lag of~apros~s all lags. A simile conclusion p~4~ lo bold be -boded pacts of He moor Cull expel (Figure 6-5~. For Be Lola se, Be ela$ticide~s for all 1~ ~ gonad ~ound~ze~~ bomb Here ~c ~ ~ siggi~c~1~suElts ~r ind~ividua1 coupes. ~ gibe Ad =~ est~i~ma~d elasticities oboe ~ spend Lund ago. but ago clew palled. He resells ~r the Cad poem of He major mimes export Effigy 6-6) sim~il~y ~i~1 too sag only clew pat ~~, Tomb 1be ~1 couple results hint a1 a do~n~up-do~n poem, gad a net sum close ~ zeal. Alpha far He prouder pace of Be mom

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^~-~! :~ seems a thCc unlikely unless po~nlial IBIS / :~9 Ha mad ~re~cas~. Comas of Urge {Pigum 6-16) shore ago poem either ~ individual yew or ~r 1be sum, ails =~ Leas or ~: Me amp sample; bat Hey she ~ positive Fact at lag hero and ~ the sum ill USA Begs. Cages iB Be Was ~ made ma mat -= bou~sebbld$ before they agog 69~ fast of Be count pe~ap$ Squab ~ on moment themes ~d~s~ndilu~s. Abbe Todd ace of ~ coun~'~s major aj~cul~lu=1 Exxon Pig 6-17) Spews ~ baY~e very little each on Me lo) odds of ~$1 big. gem is peaks ~ suggestion of a s~isgni~ant positive each on Me Am ill USA gas {grab, ~s-~singl~ not in ~1 Least, but no clew 1~-s=- Ci!8C~ ems ~ evident. We emits of tb0! Prod pace al a county s Thor miners ergot Emu ~l~b~e~e~same~p~-, but mace Marc smoky: excels fits ~s1~tesl~in~ orbs Is Age ably flee s~ums~pu~~ ~_~ thy ~101~ sample =Gec~lS~ ~- ~u1~=s~ol~ts~-ly fig meter Am. aged pay faucet ?ri~oe~< (argue 19) sob Ida Ye debt Otter: ~b -^ Osmose . ~ ~ ~. . Moses ~ 1~ me ~ ~!e~ly~posl~v,~- 1s evident, haul peeve Spouses E~= s~l#) To Aid in sum ~bbtb USES: :S~E~'~' ~ Es::~ .~ ~1~ <~ ~ ~ Or ~m mood ~sitiv~e~1) ~ emetic O!ac ~ ~^.^^ Earn:... ~ ~--_- -ad an-- =~ - - - - ~ - -a - --- -: ~ - - ~ coupons. age emits of changes in Undid paws of Misdo Spas - cad ~ ~ Is ~ ^ ~^ _. ~ ~ ~ ma. ~ same is We ~ movements in Scald prickers ~ maim Cull export cams. Friday clew effects Ago appear al alla' liars in rural Was ~r chimes in produce pacers of m<6r ~cullu~l p~mdu61s. Areas SECOND B1RTB ~ s ~ i., ..s : ~ As ~ ~ ~ ~1 p ~ Pigs 6-1 sambas the lime hands in Be log odds of sec6bd ibid. Almost all Ale Land ~coe~c~i~e~nls {~d all regale, indicting gala Be odds of Osgood big e~) Ohs. - .~ ~ Be case ~ 5=t bidbs, it fits ALSO grim clew i~n ~ Was pinch ones) Me 1mn~d~sis ply mad in us_ arms, )81, unlay Figs 6-20 ~ 6~23 sued ~e ~l~lonsb~s began coons indices ad He log Bus ~ $econd~bi~^ by Ma of resldence. F~ neitbbr 2~c~~i~ ~ GAP (~g~6320) nor e~>po~q~tam.Es(Fig~ 6-21) is abed Bays Cole pita His on seaboard bird far ~i~ndiv!idu~ lags. bully par Hi real ODP does seem 10 be possi~vel~y ass~ia~d gig Me sum far Me sale. Aces ~ Age (argue 6-22) ~= TO eater as positive ~C1 Gil lasts zero ad 1~0 ~r the low ad USA s~pies$ amp pos~lllve sums in bow cases. He ells of Todd prices of moor agdc~1ur~ Hex (~Fig- ure 6-23) ad major mid exports {figure 6~24) show no clear timid .~ ~ The emus of producer pages of major a~culQ,~1 exports (argue 6-23) . . ..

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E~ ~ ~ s#~\ ~^ once In tame ~ do~-up^do~n patle~ 1ba1 is pa~icul~ly evidence ~r He mti1 file. rebus, tbe~ odds of second blab gear to Id pos~ili~vol~y to Ho~evor He signs of He sags ~ prancer paces gig a one-ye lag. m1~,ed. in shimmy, He 1~g adds of bring ~ second bind Spew off Ceded ~ ~ positively Assad Pith economic Ida, al~o~agb~ no clear limping Stag of the etches emerges except ~ Reducer padres, }he response Sigh seems to lag bbo~u1 one yang co~c~y Age ~ly~sis shows 1bal ~11 ~e~d<mogr-~i~d ohs ~s~die~bild in almost a ~e ~sdounLies studied. 1~. aeon. ~ 1east~so~svs1em~c Ov~e~ll, child~s~im~ lily Id increasers Comic cod ions db~d~omle~;~ Bespoke is most ~ev~id~nl 4r ~6 aeon -~ indicator of economic condi!ti~., gal ~r chid Gag Be Abbe ~- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m {~) nosili~vel~v Vita economic condi!tion~s~'o~e~in Es ~ Eye and they appear10~respon~mosts~ong~ly~l~n urbah~a~eas-to price vendibles. obese concl~usions.ho~seve~ enesoime~botspecul~ti~ve. by no news unifonn~or un~ifo~nl~y s~ign~i~c~t~ac~os~s~coup~ie~s, partly be= abase of genuine ditttences across c~ountri~s Ed pearly Cause ofsmill saniple~size~s Whomever ~e~see~sli~le dqJb1dbatecon~mic conditions _ bathe iem~Qgrspb~i~c outcomes cons~i~dered~i:) the ~s~y-$is, a., ^ , : ...:. :: .: E The Sued _ are ysi~s~s~ce~nly~hdt~pnecise enou~b10 dis~li#guis~b bet~hibepf~ctsof er~s~econom~i~c~m.~iise Add dbe e ~ cat of Urea ~ pie' -~us~ne~1ppi~i ., . CROSS, ~ ~ . -.. .

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This book examines the effects of economic downturns in recent decades on first marriages, first and second births, and child mortality in Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, and Uganda.

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