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OCR for page R1
High-Stakes Aviation: U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Transport Aircraft
High-Stakes Aviation:
U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Transport Aircraft
Committee on Japan
Office of Japan Affairs
Office of International Affairs
National Research Council
National Academy Press
Washington, D.C. 1994
OCR for page R2
High-Stakes Aviation: U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Transport Aircraft
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard to appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievement of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This project was made possible with funding support from the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Japan-United States Friendship Commission.
Available from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Box 285
Washington, D.C. 20055
800-624-6242 or 202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area).
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 94–65759
International Standard Book Number 0-309-05045-6
B-322
Copyright © 1994 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R3
High-Stakes Aviation: U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Transport
Aircraft
Systems
Systems
3
0
2004-01-01T23:05:00Z
2004-01-01T23:06:00Z
1
143
819
DPSL
6
1
1005
9.4402
COMMITTEE
ON JAPAN
Erich
Bloch, Chairman
Council
on Competitiveness
Richard
J. Samuels, Vice-Chairman
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
Sherwood
L. Boehlert
U.S.
House of Representatives
Lewis
M. Branscomb
Harvard
University
G.
Steven Burrill
Burrill
& Craves
Lawrence
W. Clarkson
The
Boeing Co.
Mildred
S. Dresselhaus
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
David
A.
Duke
Corning, Inc.
James
M. Fallows
The
Atlantic
Daniel
J. Fink
D. J.
Fink Associates, Inc.
John O.
Haley
University
of Washington
Jim F.
Martin
Rockwell
International
Joseph
A. Massey
Dartmouth
College
Mike M.
Mochizuki
RAND
Corp.
Hugh T.
Patrick
Columbia
University
John D.
Rockefeller
IV
United States Senate
Robert
A. Scalapino
University
of California, Berkeley
Susan C.
Schwab
Motorola,
Inc.
Ex
Officio Members:
Gerald
P. Dinneen, Foreign Secretary,
National
Academy of Engineering
James
B. Wyngaarden, Foreign Secretary,
National
Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine
OCR for page R4
High-Stakes Aviation: U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Transport Aircraft
WORKING GROUP ON U.S.-JAPAN TECHNOLOGY LINKAGES IN TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
Daniel J. Fink, Chairman
D. J. Fink Associates, Inc.
Lawrence W. Clarkson
The Boeing Co.
Thomas M. Culligan
McDonnell Douglas
Jacques S. Gansler
TASC (The Analytic Sciences Corp.)
John R. Girotto
Collins Commercial Avionics
Jim C. Hoover
Northrop Corp.
Lee Kapor
GE Aircraft Engine Group
Donald H. Lang
Pratt & Whitney
Edward J. Lincoln*
The Brookings Institution
Richard J. Samuels
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Robert M. White
Carnegie Mellon University
*
Edward Lincoln is currently Special Economic Advisor to the U.S. Ambassador to Japan.
OCR for page R5
High-Stakes Aviation: U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Transport Aircraft
OFFICE OF JAPAN AFFAIRS
Since 1985 the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering have engaged in a series of high-level discussions on advanced technology and the international environment with a counterpart group of Japanese scientists, engineers, and industrialists. One outcome of these discussions was a deepened understanding of the importance of promoting a more balanced two-way flow of people and information between the research and development systems in the two countries. Another result was a broader recognition of the need to address the science and technology policy issues increasingly central to a changing U.S.-Japan relationship. In 1987 the National Research Council, the operating arm of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, authorized first-year funding for a new Office of Japan Affairs (OJA). This newest program element of the Office of International Affairs was formally established in the spring of 1988.
The primary objectives of OJA are to provide a resource to the Academy complex and the broader U.S. science and engineering communities for information on Japanese science and technology, to promote better working relationships between the technical communities in the two countries by developing a process of deepened dialogue on issues of mutual concern, and to address policy issues surrounding a changing U.S.-Japan science and technology relationship.
Staff
Alexander De Angelis, Director*
Thomas Arrison, Research Associate
Maki Fife, Program Assistant
*
Alexander De Angelis assumed the position of Director of the Office of Japan Affairs after the departure of Martha Caldwell Harris.
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High-Stakes Aviation: U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Transport Aircraft
This page in the original is blank.
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High-Stakes Aviation: U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Transport Aircraft
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1
1.
INTRODUCTION
8
2.
BACKGROUND AND POLICY CONTEXT
12
Historical Background
12
U.S. and Japanese Policies
15
3.
CURRENT STATUS OF U.S.-JAPAN LINKAGES
36
Airframes
36
Composites
46
Engines
49
Avionics
54
Other Components and Subsystems
56
Distinctive Features of U.S.-Japan Linkages
58
4.
FUTURE TRENDS
65
Markets
65
New Programs
67
Advanced Technology
68
Impact of Broad Industry Forces
69
Possible Scenarios and Implications for U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages
71
5.
CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
74
The Global Context and U.S. National Interests
74
The Japanese Aircraft Industry,
75
U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages
76
Developing a U.S. Strategy
77
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High-Stakes Aviation: U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Transport Aircraft
APPENDIXES
A.
The Importance of the U.S. Aircraft Industry
95
B.
U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Airframes and Aircraft Systems
103
C.
U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Aeroengines
128