Driving Action and Progress on
Obesity Prevention and Treatment
Proceedings of a Workshop
Steve Olson, Rapporteur
Roundtable on Obesity Solutions
Food and Nutrition Board
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This project was supported by Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Alliance for a Healthier Generation; American Academy of Pediatrics; American College of Sports Medicine; American Council on Exercise; American Heart Association; American Society for Nutrition; Bipartisan Policy Center; Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina Foundation; The California Endowment; ChildObesity180/Tufts University; Edelman; General Mills Foundation; Greater Rochester Health Foundation; HealthPartners; Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation; The JPB Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; The Kresge Foundation; Mars, Inc.; Nemours; Nestlé Nutrition; Nestlé USA; Novo Nordisk; The Obesity Society; Partnership for a Healthier America; Reebok, International; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Salud America!; and YMCA of the USA. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-45743-9
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-45743-2
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/24734
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Driving Action and Progress on Obesity Prevention and Treatment: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24734.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON DRIVING ACTION AND PROGRESS ON OBESITY PREVENTION AND TREATMENT—A WORKSHOP1
WILLIAM (BILL) H. DIETZ (Chair), Director, Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
CAPT. HEIDI BLANCK, Obesity Chief, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CHRISTINA ECONOMOS, Vice-Chair and Director, ChildObesity180, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
DAVID D. FUKUZAWA, Managing Director, Health and Human Services, The Kresge Foundation, Troy, Michigan
BECKY JOHNSON, Executive Director, Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation, Washington, DC
BILL PURCELL, Attorney, Farmer Purcell White & Lassiter, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
Health and Medicine Division Staff
LYNN PARKER, Scholar (until April 2017)
LESLIE J. SIM, Senior Program Officer
HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Senior Program Officer
AMANDA NGUYEN, Research Associate
DARA SHEFSKA, Research Assistant
RENEE GETHERS, Senior Program Assistant
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
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ROUNDTABLE ON OBESITY SOLUTIONS1
BILL PURCELL (Chair), Farmer Purcell White & Lassiter, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
RUSSELL R. PATE (Vice Chair), University of South Carolina, Columbia
MARY T. STORY (Vice Chair), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
SHARON ADAMS-TAYLOR, American Association of School Administrators, Alexandria, Virginia
CAPT. HEIDI BLANCK, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
JEANNE BLANKENSHIP, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Washington, DC
DON W. BRADLEY, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
CEDRIC X. BRYANT, American Council on Exercise, San Diego, California
HEIDI F. BURKE, Greater Rochester Health Foundation, Rochester, New York
DEBBIE I. CHANG, Nemours Children’s Health System, Newark, Delaware
JOHN COURTNEY, American Society for Nutrition, Bethesda, Maryland
ANNE DATTILO, Nestlé Nutrition, Florham Park, New Jersey
CHRISTINA ECONOMOS, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
IHUOMA ENELI, American Academy for Pediatrics, Columbus, Ohio
DAVID D. FUKUZAWA, The Kresge Foundation, Troy, Michigan
PAUL GRIMWOOD, Nestlé USA, Glendale, California
MARJORIE INNOCENT, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Baltimore, Maryland
BECKY JOHNSON, Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation, Washington, DC
SCOTT I. KAHAN, George Washington University, Washington, DC
SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
CATHERINE KWIK-URIBE, Mars, Inc., Germantown, Maryland
THEODORE (TED) KYLE, The Obesity Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
MATT LONGJOHN, YMCA of the USA, Chicago, Illinois
LISEL LOY, Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC
MYETA M. MOON, United Way Worldwide, Alexandria, Virginia
BARBARA PICOWER, The JPB Foundation, New York, New York
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. Responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
SUE POLIS, National League of Cities, Washington, DC
AMELIE G. RAMIREZ, Salud America!, San Antonio, Texas
OLIVIA ROANHORSE, Notah Begay III Foundation, Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico
KEVIN R. RONNEBERG, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota
SYLVIA ROWE, S.R. Strategy, LLC, Washington, DC
JAMES F. SALLIS, University of California, San Diego
EDUARDO J. SANCHEZ, American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas
LAWRENCE SOLER, Partnership for a Healthier America, Washington, DC
LOEL S. SOLOMON, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
MARION STANDISH, The California Endowment, Oakland, California
MAHA TAHIRI, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
KATHLEEN TULLIE, Reebok, International, Canton, Massachusetts
TISH VAN DYKE, Edelman, Washington, DC
MONICA HOBBS VINLUAN, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey
HOWELL WECHSLER, Alliance for a Healthier Generation, New York, New York
JAMES R. WHITEHEAD, American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
JENNIFER ZUCKERMAN, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina Foundation, Durham
TRACY ZVENYACH, Novo Nordisk, Inc., Washington, DC
Health and Medicine Division Staff
LYNN PARKER, Scholar (until April 2017)
LESLIE J. SIM, Senior Program Officer
HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Senior Program Officer
AMANDA NGUYEN, Research Associate
DARA SHEFSKA, Research Assistant
RENEE GETHERS, Senior Program Assistant
GERALDINE KENNEDO, Administrative Assistant
ANN L. YAKTINE, Director, Food and Nutrition Board
Consultant
WILLIAM (BILL) H. DIETZ, George Washington University, Washington, DC
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published Proceedings of a Workshop as sound as possible and to ensure that the Proceedings of a Workshop meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this Proceedings of a Workshop:
CATHERINE KWIK-URIBE, Mars, Inc.
THEODORE (TED) KYLE, The Obesity Society
MEGAN NECHANICKY, General Mills, Inc.
APRIL OH, National Cancer Institute
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the Proceedings of a Workshop before its release. The review of this Proceedings of a Workshop was overseen by CONNIE WEAVER, Purdue University. She was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this Proceedings of a Workshop was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this Proceedings of a Workshop rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.
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Contents
1 OBESITY TRENDS AND WORKSHOP OVERVIEW
2 TWO DECADES OF OBESITY PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
The Persistence of Disparities
Parallels with Tobacco Control
Opportunities in Early Care and Education
Progress and Challenges at the State Level
Including the Voices of Providers
The Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation
The National Business Group on Health
Partnership for a Healthier America
Interventions to Increase Physical Activity
The Importance of Multiple Approaches
Translating Research to Practice
7 ROLES OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Increasing Access to Healthy Foods
Undertaking Technology and Research Initiatives
Finding the Intersections Between Societal Factors and Outcomes
Boxes and Figures
BOXES
1-1 Workshop Statement of Task
3-1 Opportunities for Obesity Prevention in Early Care and Education
FIGURES
1-2 Prevalence of obesity, youth aged 2–19 years, by age: United States, 1988–1994 through 2013–2014
3-1 The spectrum of opportunities for obesity prevention in early care and education settings
4-1 Physical health programs either planned or considered by surveyed companies
6-1 Risks and benefits of obesity treatments
6-2 A framework for integrated clinical and community systems of care
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