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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

EXPLORING A BUSINESS CASE
FOR HIGH-VALUE CONTINUING
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP

Patricia A. Cuff and Erin Hammers Forstag, Rapporteurs

Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education

Board on Global Health

Health and Medicine Division

images

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and Academic Collaborative for Integrative Health; Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; Aetna Foundation; American Academy of Nursing; American Association of Colleges of Nursing; American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine; American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy; American Board of Family Medicine; American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology/American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; American College of Nurse-Midwives; American Council of Academic Physical Therapy; American Dental Education Association; American Medical Association; American Nurses Credentialing Center; American Occupational Therapy Association; American Osteopathic Association; American Physical Therapy Association; American Psychological Association; American Society for Nutrition; American Speech-Language-Hearing Association; Association of American Medical Colleges; Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges; Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry; Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health; Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions; Athletic Training Strategic Alliance; Council on Social Work Education; Ghent University; Health Resources and Services Administration; Jonas Nursing and Veterans Healthcare; Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation; Michigan Center for Interprofessional Education; National Academies of Practice; National Association of Social Workers; National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates; National Board of Medical Examiners; National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc.; National League for Nursing; Office of Academic Affiliations—Veterans Health Administration; Organization for Associate Degree Nursing; Physician Assistant Education Association; Society for Simulation in Healthcare; Training for Health Equity Network–THEnet; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and University of Toronto. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-46637-0
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-46637-7
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/24911

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a business case for high-value continuing professional development: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/24911.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

Image

The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president.

The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.

The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.

Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

Image

Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.

Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.

For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

PLANNING COMMITTEE ON EXPLORING A BUSINESS CASE FOR HIGH-VALUE CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT1

RONALD M. CERVERO (Co-Chair), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

HOLLY H. WISE (Co-Chair), Medical University of South Carolina

DARLENE CURLEY, Jonas Nursing and Veterans Healthcare

MARILYN DELUCA, New York University

STUART GILMAN, Veterans Health Administration

ELENA KARAHANNA, University of Georgia

SIMON KITTO, University of Ottawa

PAUL E. MAZMANIAN, Virginia Commonwealth University

SILVIA E. RABIONET, Nova Southeastern University

JULIA ROYALL, National Library of Medicine

KIERAN WALSH, The BMJ

Consultants

THAD CALABRESE, New York University

LUCY A. SAVITZ, Intermountain Healthcare

ANDREW SPIEGEL, Global Colon Cancer Association

___________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

GLOBAL FORUM ON INNOVATION IN HEALTH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION1

MALCOLM COX (Co-Chair), University of Pennsylvania, formerly U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

SUSAN SCRIMSHAW (Co-Chair), The Sage Colleges

ROBERT (BOB) ADDLETON, Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions

FRANK ASCIONE, University of Michigan

TIMI AGAR BARWICK, Physician Assistant Education Association

DAVID BENTON, National Council of State Boards of Nursing

JOANNA CAIN, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine

STEVEN CHESBRO, American Physical Therapy Association

AMY APARICIO CLARK, Aetna Foundation

THOMAS WARREN CLAWSON, National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates

DARLA SPENCE COFFEY, Council on Social Work Education

DARLENE CURLEY, Jonas Nursing and Veterans Healthcare

JAN DE MAESENEER, Ghent University

MARIETJIE DE VILLIERS, Stellenbosch University

KATHRIN (KATIE) ELIOT, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

ELIZABETH (LIZA) GOLDBLATT, Academic Collaborative for Integrative Health

CATHERINE GRUS, American Psychological Association

NEIL HARVISON, American Occupational Therapy Association

ERIC HOLMBOE, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education

ELIZABETH HOPPE, Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry

EMILIA IWU, Jonas Nursing and Veterans Healthcare

PAMELA JEFFRIES, The George Washington University

SANDEEP (SUNNY) KISHORE, Young Professionals Chronic Disease Network

KATHLEEN KLINK, Veterans Health Administration

ANDREW MACCABE, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges

LUCINDA MAINE, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy

BEVERLY MALONE, National League for Nursing

MARY E. (BETH) MANCINI, Society for Simulation in Healthcare

ANGELO MCCLAIN, National Association of Social Workers

LEMMIETTA G. MCNEILLY, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

MARK MERRICK, Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education

___________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

DONNA MEYER, Organization of Associate Degree Nursing

JOEL NELSON, Health Resources and Services Administration

WARREN NEWTON, American Board of Family Medicine

BJORG PALSDOTTIR, Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet)

MIGUEL PANIAGUA, National Board of Medical Examiners

RAJATA RAJATANAVIN, Mahidol University

SCOTT REEVES, Kingston University & St. George’s, University of London

EDWARD SALTZMAN, American Society for Nutrition

NELSON SEWANKAMBO, Makerere University College of Health Sciences

STEPHEN SHANNON, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine

SUSAN SKOCHELAK, American Medical Association

RICHARD (RICK) TALBOTT, Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions

ZOHRAY TALIB, The George Washington University

MARIA TASSONE, University of Toronto

GEORGE THIBAULT, Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation

DEBORAH TRAUTMAN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing

MICHELLE TROSETH, National Academies of Practice

RICHARD (RICK) W. VALACHOVIC, American Dental Education Association

LAURA MAGAÑA VALLADARES, National Institute of Public Health

PATRICIA HINTON WALKER, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

ALISON J. WHELAN, Association of American Medical Colleges

ADRIENNE WHITE-FAINES, American Osteopathic Association

HOLLY WISE, American Council of Academic Physical Therapy

XUEJUN ZENG, Peking Union Medical College

BRENDA ZIERLER, University of Washington

Health and Medicine Division Staff

PATRICIA A. CUFF, Senior Program Officer

MEGAN M. PEREZ, Research Associate (until May 2017)

AMBAR SAEED, Research Associate

ANNA FAHLSTROM, Senior Program Assistant (from August 2017)

FAYE HILLMAN, Financial Officer (until August 2017)

PATRICK BURKE, Financial Officer (from August 2017)

JULIE PAVLIN, Board Director, Board on Global Health

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

Reviewers

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

LAURIE KENDALL-ELLIS, Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions

DON MOORE, Vanderbilt University

LUCY A. SAVITZ, Kaiser Permanente (since May 2017)

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by LAWRENCE J. APPEL, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACCME

Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ANCC

American Nurses Credentialing Center

AOTA

American Occupational Therapy Association

ART

antiretroviral treatment

CAPABLE

Community Aging in Place—Advancing Better Living for Elders

CDS

clinical decision support

CE

continuing education

CEO

chief executive officer

CME

continuing medical education

CPD

continuing professional development

EHR

electronic health record

FIP

International Pharmaceutical Federation

GIS

geographic information system

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

HMO

health maintenance organization

HVHC

High Value Healthcare Collaborative

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
×
ICU

intensive care unit

IOM

Institute of Medicine

IPE

interprofessional education

MOH

Ministry of Health

MRICU

medical respiratory intensive care unit

MUSC

Medical University of South Carolina

NGO

nongovernmental organization

NIMART

nurse-initiated antiretroviral treatment model

OB

obstetrics

OT

occupational therapy

PDSA

Plan-Do-Study-Act

PI

performance improvement

QSP

Quality Scholars Program

RASS

Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale

ROI

return on investment

TPA

Turkish Pharmacists’ Association

UNAIDS

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS

USUHS

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

VCU

Virginia Commonwealth University

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring a Business Case for High-Value Continuing Professional Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24911.
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Continuing education, continuing professional development, and high-value continuing professional development exist along a continuum. Continuing education (CE) often is associated with didactic learning methods, such as lectures and seminars, which take place in auditoriums and classrooms, and is often viewed by health professionals as merely a path to maintaining licensure and certification through the accumulation of credits. Continuing professional development (CPD), in contrast, embraces a wider array of learning formats and methods that are driven by learners.

The Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education hosted a workshop in April 2017 to explore the value proposition for CPD. Forum members and workshop participants gathered to learn about innovative CPD programs around the world, to consider the perspectives of those who invest in CPD, and to discuss the business case for CPD. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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