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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1982. Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: An Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/319.
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117 Berger, D.S. and F. Urbach (1982) A climatology of sun- burning ultraviolet radiation. Photochemistry and Photobiology 35:187-192. Berger, D., D.F. Robertson, and R.E. Davies (1975) Field measurements of biologically effective W radiation. Impacts of Climatic Change on the Biosphere, CIAP Monograph 5, Part I: Ultraviolet Radiation Effects, edited by D.S. Nachtwey, M.M. Caldwell, and R.H. Biggs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation. Biggs, R.H. and S.V. Kossuth (1978) Impact of solar W -B radiation on crop productivity. Final report of W-B biological and climate effects research (BACER). Terrestrial FY 77. Gainesville, Fla.: University of Florida. (Unpublished) Biggs, R.H., W.B. Sisson, and M.M. Caldwell (1975) Response of higher terrestrial plants to elevated W-B irradiance. Pages 4-34 to 4-50, Impacts of Climatic Change on the Biosphere, CIAP Monograph 5, Part I: Ultraviolet Radiation Effects, edited by D.S. Nachtwey, M.M. Caldwell, and R.H. Biggs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation. Black, H.S., J.T. Chan, and G.E. Brown (1978) Effects of dietary constraints on ultraviolet light mediated carcinogenesis. Cancer Research 38:1384-1387. Blum, H.F. (1959) Carcinogenesis by Ultraviolet Light. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Bockstahler, L.E. and C.D. Lytle (1977) Radiation enhanced reactivation of nuclear replicating mammalian viruses. Photochemistry and Photobiology 25:477-482. Bogenrieder, A. and R. Klein (1977) Die Rolle des W -Lichtes beim sog. Auspflanzungsschock von Gewachshaussetzlingen. Angewandte Botanik 51:99-107. Brandle, J.R., W.F. Campbell, W.B. Sisson, and M.M. Caldwell (1977) Net photosynthesis, electron transport capacity, and ultrastructure of Pisum sativum L. exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation. Plant Physiology 60:165-169. Brodkin, R.H., A.W. Kopf, and R. Andrade (1969) Basal cell epithelioma and elastosis: A comparison of distribution. Pages 581-618, The Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation, edited by F. Urbach. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press. Cabrera-Juarez, E., J.K. Setlow, P.A. Swenson, and M.J. Peak (1976) Oxygen-independent inactivation of Haemophilus influenzae transforming DNA by monochromatic radiation: Action spectrum, effect of

118 histidine and repair. Photochemistry and Photobiology 23:309-313. Caldwe~l, M.M. (1971) Solar W irradiation and the growth and development of higher plants. Photophysiology 6:131-177. Caldwell, M.M. (1982) Plant response to solar ultraviolet radiation. _ Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, Vol. 12A, Interactions of Plants with the Physical Environment, edited by O.L. Lang, P.S. Nobel, O.B. Osmond, and H. Ziegler. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. (In press) Caldwell, M.M., R. Robberecht, and W.D. Billings (1980) A steep latitudinal gradient of solar ultraviolet-B radiation in the arctic-alpine life zone. Ecology 61:600-611. Calkins, J. and T. Thordardottir (1980) The ecological significance of solar W radiation on aquatic organisms. Nature 282: 563-566. Chan, G.L. and J.B. Little (1976) Induction of oncogenic transformation in vitro by ultraviolet light. Nature 264 :442-444. C icerone, R.J. (1981) Halogens in the atmosphere. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 19:123-139. Clark, W.H., Jr., R.R. Reimer, M. Greene, A.M. Ainsworth, and M.J. Mastrangelo (1978) Origin of familial malignant melanomas from heritable melanocytic lesions. Archives of Dermatology 114: 732-738. Cleaver, J.E. (1977) Nucleosome structure controls rates of excision repair in DNA of human cells. Nature 270: 451-453. Crombie, I. K. (1979) Variation of melanoma incidence with latitude in North America and Europe. British Journal of Cancer 40: 774-781. D'Ambrosio, S.M., L. Slazinski, J.W. Whetstone, and E. Lowney (19 8 la) Excision repair of W-induced pyrimidine dimers in human skin in vivo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 77:311-313. D'Ambrosio, S.M., J.W. Whetstone, L. Slazinski, and E. Lowney (1981b) Photorepair of pyrimidine dimers in human skin in vivo. Photochemistry and Photobiology 34:461-464. Das Gupta, U.B. and W.C. Summers (1978) Ultraviolet reactivation of herpes simplex virus is mutacenic and _ inducible in mammalian cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 75:2378-2381. DeFabo, E.C. and M.L. Kripke (1979) Dose-response characteristics of immunological unresponsiveness to

119 W-induced tumors produced by W irradiation of mi Photochemistry and Photobiology 30:385-390. DeFabo, E.C. and F.P. Noonan (1980) Preliminary studies on an in viva action spectrum for W -induced suppression of contact sensitivity in mice. Page 345, Book of Abstracts, Eighth International Congress on Photobiology, July 20-25, Strasbourg. DeGruijl, F.R. and J.C. Van der Leun (1980) A dose- response model for skin cancer induction by chronic UV exposure of a human population. Journal of Theoretical Biology 83:487-504. DiPaolo, J.A. and P.J. Donovan (1976) In vitro morphologic transformation of Syrian hamster cells by W -irradiation is enhanced by x-irradiation and unaffected by chemical carcinogens. International Journal of Radiation Biology 30:41-53. Doniger, J., E.D. Jacobson, K. Krell, and J.A. DiPaolo (1981) Ultraviolet light action spectra for neoplastic transformation and lethality of Syrian hamster embryo cells correlate with spectrum for pyrimidine dimer formation in cellular DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 78:2378-2382. Duggleby, W.F., H. Stoll, R.L. Priore, P. Greenwald, and S. Graham (1981) A genetic analysis of melanoma- polygenic inheritance as a threshold trait. American Journal of Epidemiology 114(1):63-72. Elder, D.E., L.I. Goldman, S.C. Goldman, M.H. Greene, and W.H. Clark (1980) Dysplastic nevus syndrome: A phenotypic association of sporadic cutaneous melanoma. Cancer 46:1787-1794. Elder, D.E., M.H. Greene, E.E. Bondi, and W. H. Clark, Jr. (1981) Acquired melanocytic nevi and melanoma: The dysplastic nevus syndrome. Pathology of Malignant Melanoma, edited by A.B. Ackerman. New York, N.Y.: Masson. (In press) Elkind, M.M. and A. Han (1978) DNA single-strand lesions due to (sunlight) and W light: A comparison of their induction in Chinese hamster and human cells, and their fate in Chinese hamster cells. Photochemistry and Photobiology 27:717-724. Elkind, M.M., A. Han, and C.M. Chiang-Liu (1978) "Sunlight"-induced mammalian cell killing: A comparative study of ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet inactivation. Photochemistry and Photobiology 27:709-715. Ellison, J.J. and J.D. Childs (1981) Pyrimidine dimers induced in Escherichia cold DNA by ultraviolet

120 radiation present in sunlight. Photochemistry and Photobiology 34:465-469. Erickson, L.C., M.O. Bradley, and K.W. Kohn (1980) Mechanisms for the production of DNA damage in cultured human and hamster cells irradiated with light from fluorescent lamps, sunlamps, and the sun. ~ocn~m~ca et ~opnys~ca Acta 610:105. Fears, T.R., J. Scotto, and M.A. Schneiderman (1976) Skin cancer, melanoma and sunlight. American Journal of Public Health 66:461-464. Fears, T.R., J. Scotto, and M.A. Schneiderman (1977) Mathematical models of age and ultraviolet effects on the incidence of skin cancer among whites in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology 105:420-427. Fels, S.B., J.D. Mahlman, M.D. Schwarzkopf, and R.W. Sinclair (1980) Stratospheric sensitivity to perturbations in ozone and carbon dioxide: Radiative and dynamical response. Journal of Atmospheric Science 37:2265-2297. Fisher, M.S. and M.L. Kripke (1977) Systemic alteration induced in mice by ultraviolet light irradiation and its relationship to ultraviolet carcinogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 74:1688-1692. Fisher, M.S. and M.L. Kripke (1978) Further studies on the tumor-specific suppressor cells induced by ultraviolet radiation. Journal of Immunology 121:1139-1144. Fisher, M.S. and M.L. Kripke (1981) The role of W -induced suppressor cells in the development of primary skin cancers in W -irradiated mice. Page 178, Proceedings of the American Society for Photobiology, 9th Annual Meeting. Williamsburg, Va., June 14-18, 1981. Bethesda, Md.: American Society for Photobiology. Forbes, P.D., R.E. Davies, D. Berger, and F. Urbach (1980) A Study on Photocarcinogenesis in Hairless Mice. Final Report, Contract No. NO-1 CP 43271. Bethesda, Md.: National Cancer Institute. Forbes, P.D., H.F. Blum, and R.E. Davies (1981) Photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice: Dose-response and the influence of dose-delivery. Photochemistry and Photobiology 34:361-365. Freeman, R.G. and J.M. Knox (1964) Influence of temperature on ultraviolet injury. Archives of Dermatology 89:858-864.

121 Friedberg, E.C., U.K. Ehmann, and J.I. Williams (1979) Human diseases associated with defective DNA repair. Advances in Radiation Biology 8:85-174. Green, A.E.S. and J.H. Miller (197S) Measures of biologically effective radiation in the 280-340 nm region. Pages 2-60 to 2-70, Impacts of Climatic Change on the Biosphere, Part I: Ultraviolet Radiation Effects, edited by D.S. Nachtwey et al. DOT-TST-75-55. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation. Green, A.E.S., K.R. Cross, and L.A. Smith (1980) Improved analytic characterization of ultraviolet skylight. Photochemistry and Photobiology 31:59-65. Greene, M.H., R.R. Reimer, W.H. Clark, Jr., and M.J. Mastrangelo (1978) Precursor lesions in familial melanoma. Seminars in Oncology 5:85-87. Greene, M.I., M.S. Sy, M.L. Kripke, and B. Benacerraf (1979) Impairment of antigen-presenting cell function by ultraviolet radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 76:6592-6595. Greene, M.H., et al. (1980) Precursor naevi in cutaneous malignant melanoma: A proposed nomenclature. Lance t II:1024. Griggs, H.G. and M.A. Bender (1973) Photoreactivation of ultraviolet-induced chromosomal aberrations. Science 179:86-88. Hanawalt, P.C., P.K. Cooper, A.K. Ganesan, and C.A. Smith (1979) DNA repair in bacteria and mammalian cells. Annual Review of Biochemistry 48:783-836. Haniszko, J. and R.R. Suskind (1963) The effect of ultraviolet radiation on experimental cutaneous sensitization in guinea pigs. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 40:183-191. Hariharan, P.V. and P.A. Cerutti (1977) Formation of products of the 5, 6-dihydroxydihydrothymine type by ultraviolet light in HeLa cells. Biochemistry 16:2791. Harm, H. (1980a) Damage and repair in mammalian cells after exposure to non-ionizing radiation. Mutation Research 69:157-165 and 167-176. Harm, W. (1980b) Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press. Hawk, J.L.M. and J.A. Parrish (1982) Responses of normal skin to ultraviolet radiation. Photomedicine. New York, N.Y.: Plenum Press. (In press) Holman, O.D.J., C.D. Mulroney, and B.K. Armstrong (1980) Epidemiology of pre-invasive and invasive malignant melanoma in Western Australia. International Journal of Cancer 25:317-323.

122 Horowitz, S., D. Cripps, and R. Hong (1974) Selective T cell killing of human lymphocytes by ultraviolet radiation. Cellular Immunology 14:80-86. Houghton, A., J. Flannery, and M.V. Viola (1980) Malignant Melanoma in Connecticut and Denmark. International Journal of Cancer 25:95-104. Hudson, R.D. and E.I. Reed (1979) The Stratosphere: Present and Future. NASA R.P. 1049. Greenbelt, Md.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Hudson, R.D. et al., eds. (1982) The Stratosphere 1981: Theory and Measurements. WMO Global Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 11. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization. (Available from National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Code 963, Greenbelt, Md. 20771.) Hunter, J.R., J.H. Taylor, and H.G. Moser (1979) Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on eggs and larvae of the northern anchovy Engraulis morolax, and the Pacific mackerel, Scoaker japonicus, during the embryonic stage. Photochemistry and Photobiology 29:325-338. Jacobson, E.D., K. Krell, and M.J. Dempsey (1981) The wavelength dependence of ultraviolet light-induced cell killing and mutagenesis in h5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Photochemistry and Photobiology 33:257-260. Jensen, O.M. and A.M. Bolander (1980) Trends in malignant melanoma of the skin. World Health Statistics 33:2-26. Jessup, J.M., N. Hanna, E. Palaszynski, and M.L. Kripke (1978) Mechanisms of depressed reactivity to dinitrochlorobenzene and ultraviolet-induced tumors during ultraviolet carcinogenesis in BALB/c mice. Cellular Immunology 38:105-115. Johnson, F.S., T. Mo, and A.E.S. Green (1976) Average latitudinal variation in ultraviolet radiation at the earth's surface. Photochemistry and Photobiology 23:179-188. Jones, L.W. and B. Kok (1966) Photoinhibition of chloroplast reactions. I. Kinetics and action spectra. Plant Physiology 41:1037-1043. Jung, E.G., K. Gunthart, R.F.G. Metzger, and E. Bohnert (1981) Risk factors of the cutaneous melanoma phenotype. Archives of Dermatology Research 270:33-36. Kantor, G.J., J.C. Sutherland, and R.B. Setlow (1980) Action spectra for killing non-dividing normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum cells. Photochemistry and Photobiology 31:459-460. Karanas, J.J., R.C. Worrest, and H. Van Dyke (1981) Impact of W-B radiation (290-320 nm) on the fecundity

123 of Acartia clausii (Copepoda). Marine Biology 65:125-333. Kaupp, S.E. and J.R. Hunter (1981) Photorepair in larval anchovy Engraulis mordax. Photochemistry and Photobiology 33:253-256. Kennedy, A.R., M. Fox, G. Murphy, and J.B. Little (1980) Relationship between x-ray exposure and malignant transformation in C3H 10T cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 77:7262-7266. Kolb, C.E. and J.B. Elgin (1976) Gas phase chemical kinetics of sodium present in the upper atmosphere. Nature 263:488-490. Kopecky, K.E., G.W. Pugh, Jr., D.E. Hughes, G.D. Booth, and N.F. Cheville (1979) Biological effect of ultraviolet radiation on cattle: Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. American Journal of Veterinary Research 40(12):1783-1788. Kraemer, K.H. (1980) Xeroderma pigmentosum. Unit 19-7, Clinical Dermatology, Vol. 4, edited by D.J. Demis, R.L. Dobson, and J. McGuire. New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row. Kripke, M.L. (1980) I~Tununologic effects of W radiation and their role in photocarcinogenesis. Pages 257-292, Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews, Vol. 5, edited by K. Smith. New York, N.Y.: Plenum Publishing Corp. Kripke, M.L. (1981) Immunologic mechanisms in ~1 radiation carcinogenesis. Advances in Cancer Research 34: 69-106. Krizek, D.T. (1978) Differential sensitivity of two cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to increased W-B irradiance. I. Dose-response studies. Final report of W-B biological and climate effects research (BACER). Terrestrial FY 77. Beltsville, Md. Agricultural Research Center. (Unpublished) Ladds, P.W. and K.W. Entwistle (1977) Observations on squamous cell carcinomas of sheep in Queensland, Australia. British Journal of Cancer 35:110-114. Lancaster, H.O. (1956) Some geographical aspects of the mortality from melanoma in Europeans. Medical Journal of Australia 1:1082-1087. Lee, J.A.H. (1981) Melanoma Epidemiology Since the Academy Reports of 1979: With particular reference to the relationship between incidence and exposure to ultraviolet light. Notes for NRC Workshop on Biological Effects of Increased Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, July 30-31, 1981, Environmental Studies

124 Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. (Unpublished) Lee, J.A.H., G.R. Petersen, R.G. Stovens, and K. Vesanen (1979) The influence of age, year of birth, and data on mortality from malignant melanoma in the populations of England and Wales, Canada, and the white population of the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology 110:734-739. Lee, J.A.H. and B.E. Storer (1980) Excess of malignant melanomas in women in the British Isles. Lance t II: 1337-1339. Ley, R.D., B.A. Sedita, D.D. Grube, and R.J.M. Fry (1977) Induction and persistence of pyrimidine dimers in the epidermal DNA of two strains of hairless mice. Cancer Research 37:3243-3248. Ley, R.D., B.A. Sedita, and D.D. Grube (1978) Absence of photoreactivation of pyrimidine dimers in the epidermis of hairless mice following exposure of ultraviolet light. Photochemistry and Photobiology 27:483-485. Lloyd, L.C. (1961) Epithelial tumors of the skin of sheep. British Journal of Cancer 15:780. Lorenzen, C.J. (1979) Ultraviolet radiation and phytoplankton photosynthesis. Limnology and Oceanography 24:1117-1120. McCarthy, W.H., A.L. Black, and G.W. Milton (1980) Melanoma in New South Wales. Cancer 46:427-432. Maher, V.M. and J.J. McCormick (1976) Effect of DNA repair on the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of W irradiation and of chemical carcinogens in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum cells. Pages 129-145, Biology of Radiation Carcinogenesis, edited by J.M. Yuhas, R.W. Tennant, and J.D. Regan. New York, N.Y.: Raven Press. Malec, E. and G. Eklund (1978) The changing incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in Sweden, 1959-68. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery 12:19-27. Mantai, K.E., J. Wong, and N.I. Bishop (1970) Comparison studies on the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on photosynthesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 197:257-266. Marshall, V. (1974) Premalignant and malignant skin tumours in immuno-suppressed patients. Transplantation 17:272-275. Mason, T.J., F.W. McKay, R. Hoover, W.J. Blot, and J.F. Fraumeni, Jr. (197S) Atlas of Cancer Mortality for U.S. Counties: 1950-1969. DHEW Publication No. (NIH)

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