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Input (Primary) Signal
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Output (Secondary) Signals
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Mechanical
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Thermal
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Electrical
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Magnetic
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Radiant
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Chemical
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Mechanical
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(Fluid) Mechanical effects; e.g., diaphragm, gravity balance. Acoustic effects; e.g., echo sounder.
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Friction effects; e.g., friction calorimeter. Cooling effects; e.g., thermal flow meter.
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Piezoelectricity. Piezoresistivity. Resistive. Capacitive. Induced effect.
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Magneto-mechanical effects; e.g., piezomagnetic effect.
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Photoelastic systems (stress-induced birefringence). Interferometer. Sagnac effect. Doppler effect.
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Thermal
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Thermal expansion; e.g., bimetallic strip, liquid-in-glass and gas thermometers. Resonant frequency. Radiometer effect; e.g., light mill.
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Seebeck effect. Thermo-resistance. Pyroelectricity. Thermal (Johnson) noise.
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Thermo-optical effects; e.g., liquid crystals. Radiant emission.
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Reaction activation; e.g., thermal dissociation.
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Electrical
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Electrokinetic and electro-mechanical effects; e.g., piezoelectricity, electrometer, and Ampere's Law.
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Joule (resistive) heating. Peltier effect.
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Charge collectors. Langmuir probe.
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Biot-Savart's Law.
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Electro-optical effects; e.g., Kerr effect, Pockels effect. Electro-luminescence.
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Electrolysis. Electro-migration.
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Magnetic
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Magneto-mechanical effects; e.g., magnetostriction, and magnetometer.
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Thermo-magnetic effects; e.g., Righi-Leduc effect. Galvano-magnetic effects; e.g., Ettingshausen effect.
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Thermo-magnetic effects; e.g., Ettingshausen-Nernst effect. Galvano-magnetic effects; e.g., Hall effect, and magneto-resistance.
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Magneto-optical effects; e.g., Faraday effect, and Cotton-Mouton effect.
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