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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
APPENDIX E INSTANCES OF SALVAGE IN U.S. WATERS REPORTED TO THE COMMITTEE1
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
Hess Oil storage tank
Ruptured; 155,000- barrel crude oil spill
Fast
Fast response
90% of oil recovered; small amount of oil got into the Kill van Kull
9,500,000-gallon waste oil spill
More than 200 men working each day with various equipment for 5 weeks
Russian trawler
Fire
USCG directed response by Crowley and Boots and Coots under Navy contract
Vessel returned to service
Drilling rig
Adrift in heavy weather
Tow
Weather; communication; crew fatigue; equipment failure; lack of specific equipment
Rig Sank under tow
Barge/tug
Barge parted towline; could not be boarded by crew of tug
Weather; communication; fatigue of crews; equipment failure; lack of specific kind of equipment
Deep notch barge
Collision
Secure damaged fuel piping; make fuel system operable to aftermost pumping engine; relocated cargo hoses to enable overhead pumping; lightered approx. 500,000 gallons of gasoline
Barge
Grounded
Offloaded cargo from undamaged compartments; barge refloated after being pulled from rocks by 2 tugs; ballasted to stop further leaking
Gasoline leaking from all damaged tanks; gale waming
A REGINA/
3EKM
M/V passenger ferry
Aground
LOF SMIT/SASI-liaison
Vessel lost, given up
ABIQUA/
KTZO
Bulk motor
Partial offload; tow condition
ADMIRALTY BAY
M/V
Dry salvage
AEGEAN SUN
M/T
Dry salvage
AFRICAN
M/V general cargo
Collision
Flooded engine room; towed to Galvesto, TX; engine room pumped dry; towed to Brownsville, TX; broken up; SASI/SUSTA
Broken up
1
The committee was unable to verify the facts of the following incidents; the information is reported exactly as received.
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
APPENDIX E
INSTANCES OF SALVAGE IN U.S. WATERS REPORTED TO THE COMMITTEE1
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
Hess Oil storage tank
Ruptured; 155,000- barrel crude oil spill
Fast
Fast response
90% of oil recovered; small amount of oil got into the Kill van Kull
9,500,000-gallon waste oil spill
More than 200 men working each day with various equipment for 5 weeks
Russian trawler
Fire
USCG directed response by Crowley and Boots and Coots under Navy contract
Vessel returned to service
Drilling rig
Adrift in heavy weather
Tow
Weather; communication; crew fatigue; equipment failure; lack of specific equipment
Rig Sank under tow
Barge/tug
Barge parted towline; could not be boarded by crew of tug
Weather; communication; fatigue of crews; equipment failure; lack of specific kind of equipment
Deep notch barge
Collision
Secure damaged fuel piping; make fuel system operable to aftermost pumping engine; relocated cargo hoses to enable overhead pumping; lightered approx. 500,000 gallons of gasoline
Barge
Grounded
Offloaded cargo from undamaged compartments; barge refloated after being pulled from rocks by 2 tugs; ballasted to stop further leaking
Gasoline leaking from all damaged tanks; gale waming
A REGINA/
3EKM
M/V passenger ferry
Aground
LOF SMIT/SASI-liaison
Vessel lost, given up
ABIQUA/
KTZO
Bulk motor
Partial offload; tow condition
ADMIRALTY BAY
M/V
Dry salvage
AEGEAN SUN
M/T
Dry salvage
AFRICAN
M/V general cargo
Collision
Flooded engine room; towed to Galvesto, TX; engine room pumped dry; towed to Brownsville, TX; broken up; SASI/SUSTA
Broken up
1
The committee was unable to verify the facts of the following incidents; the information is reported exactly as received.
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
AIKATERINA
Tankship
Fire
Fire extinguished by USCG and Boots and Coots personnel after burning for several days
Dealing with offshore vessel fires
Vessel not lost at sea
AKRON/D5VF
M/V bulk cargo
Aground
SASI refloated; reload
ALEXANDERS ABILITY
Aground; engine room flooded
ALL KLASKAN
Fish processor
Grounded
Oil removed by USCG; fish processing machinery salvaged by owner; unsuitable conditions for salvage
Broached and broke while towline being cast
No assets
ALVENUS
MV tanker
Aground
Lightering operation offshore; antipollution operation a.o. Galveston Beach
Major oil spill
AMOCO CADIZ
VLCC
Loss of steering; grounding
Salvage tug on scene within 3 hours; unsuccessfully attempted to take AMOCO CADIZ under tow
Main engine functioning but not used during attempts to establish a tow
Major pollution occurred; ship total loss
AOYAGI MARU
F/V
Grounded
USCG burned remaining fuel using explosives
Owners looked at limits of liability vs. salvage value
No salvage
APEX 3405
Tank barge
Collision; sank
Raised sunken barge; vessel removed from channel
Channel closure restrictions; no need to maintain intact cargo envelope; stability calculations not necessary
Discharged over 750,000 gallons of catalytic feedstock oil
AQUILA AZTECA/XCGU
M/Tank
Grounded
Partly offloaded; refloated; SMIT/SASI
ARCO ANCHORAGE
T/V
Grounded; cargo tanks punctured
USCG and commercial submersible pumps used to transfer crude oil to lightering barge; divers put in temporary patch; vessel sailed to Cherry Point, WA; offloaded cargo
Went to shipyard in Portland; OR
ARGENTINA
Ocean-going ferry
Grounded
National Strike Force personnel pumped fuel oil from vessel; vessel was cut down to the waterline and superstructure taken away
Remote location; environmental sensitivity of the area
ARGO IDUNA
Explosion in engine room
Lightering operation
ARGO MERCHANT
Handy size tanker
Grounding
MPS ship CURB on scene; lightering available and USCG ADAPTS pumps on board, but lack of steam generator prevented hearing oil for offloading when weather permitted
Winter; MPS ship CURB in Key West, took 5 days to arrive on scene; lack of steam generator prevented heating oil for offloading; divided authority on scene (USCG, State of MA, EPA)
Weather worsened; ship broke up; ship and cargo total loss
AROW
Coastal tanker
Grounded, then sank in 60 feet of water
Cargo offloaded using first-time application of hot-tap technique; local heating at off loading pumps was necessary; heating process very inefficient
Winter
No pollution occurred
ATLANTIA
Pre-inspection; installation
ATT STALL
M/T
Wet salvage
B 155
Barge
See OCEAN 255
BANGLER BANNI
M/V
Dry salvage
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
BARGE 160-4; AVENGER
1,600-DWT tank barge; tug
Grounded
Salvage team; fly in equipment
Barge empty; barge sustained only moderate bottom damage; tug sustained extensive bottom and side shell damage
Fuel removed from tug, both refloated by use of ground tackle
BARGE 500-4
12,000-DWT rail car and trailer barge
Grounded
Damage control efforts to limit flooding by pressurizing selected tanks; use of properly equipped salvage vessel (M/V ARCTIC SALVOR) tugs
Full load of cargo; extensive damage to starboard-side shell and bottom-plating; use of properly equipped salvage vessel and tugs with both power and sea-keeping ability to work in prevailing weather conditions
Successfully refloated without loss of cargo
BARGE BEAN 12
Wet salvage
BARGE KENAI
9,750-dwt deck barge
Grounded
Salvage team on-site within 6 hours; utilized salvage vessel ARCTIC SALVOR
Extensive bottom damage and subsequent flooding; prompt arrival of salvage personnel; availability of specialized equipment capable of being flown to the site; delays were caused by high wind and adverse sea conditions
Successfully refloated without loss of cargo
BEAN 12
Anchor handling vessel
Sunk
Removal with Derrick barge
BETTY L
Deck barge
Aground; USCG removed 120,000 gallons of diesel fuel
Salvage chief removed barge successfully
BLUE MAGPIE
Cargo vessel
Grounded on breakwater
Timely availability of salvage assets
Broke up before salvage assistance could reach scene
BRAZILIAN FRIENDSHIP
Grounded; broken rudder
Refloated with local salvor and tugs; used tugs to steer vessel down river to awaiting foreign tug (BUGSIER) towed to Germany
Fully loaded iron ore
BT 155
Barge
See OCEAN 255
BT NAUTILUS
Barge
Grounded in Kill van Kull
Partial closure of waterway for several days
BURMAH AGATE / ELZS
M/Tank
Collision; fire
Vessel burnt out 19,000 tons crude saved
BYRON 16
Aground
Cargo lightered with severe loss; damaged in refloating
Poorly chosen salvage equipment
C/V STAR LEKINGER
Grounded on aft third
International salvage firm hired by responsible party at the direction of COTP; acquired 3 high HP tugs; had vessel off-ground within 36 hours
Greater than normal east-west current continued to set the vessel into shallow water; fear of possibility of double bottom fuel tanks rupturing and releasing bunkers into the sea; miles of pristine white beaches in direct path of potential fuel spill; no tugs of sufficient horsepower locally available
No pollution resulted; no damage other than scraped paint and slight indentation along starboard quart
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
CAMARGUE/FNUB
M/T
Collision in ballast tank
Vessel inerted; damage covered, assisted into Galveston SASI
CARIBE
Barge
Aground
CC-11
Barge
Stranded and sank
Owner failed to employ competent salvors
Vessel broke up and became wreck removal project
CEPHEUS
T/V
Grounded
Refloated itself; headed for port with damage to double bottom and cargo tank; steam trace rigged to remove heavy fuel from double bottoms; offloaded cargo
Sailed to Kachemak Bay for survey and repairs
CHARA-LAMBOS
Large tanker
Large section of side plate fell off while being towed to scrap
Flooded opposite side tanks sufficiently to bring upright
Time critical to even up and bring open section of hull clear of water to prevent extension of opening
Continued in tow
CHEM 2
Tank barge
Stranded on sandbar
Equipment and trained ANH personnel brought in; dredged channel to barge; lightered cargo; winched tank barge and lightering barge out
Silting; rapid river stage fall; poor access; downwind community; potential loss of cargo cooling
CHEVRON GUAM
Small POL tanker
Grounding in typhoon
Search and survey in deep water where tanker was left by forces of nature
Full load of avgas and jet fuel
Ship was total loss; no pollution due to volatile nature of cargo and scrubbing forces of nature
CHEVRON HORIZON
Crude oil tanker
Grounded and holed; hit in stern by gasoline tow
Tanker refloated with tugs; ballasted down creating water bottoms; temporary patch by divers; cargo offloated
Sent to drydock
CHINA PRIDE
Ore carrier
Stranded on sandbar
Lightered and pushed off with tugs
Strong current; dropping river stage; silting
CIUDAD DE BRAQUE
Wet salvage
CIUDAD DE IBAGUE
MV
Holes in watertight bulkhead
Hull plate removed
CIUDAD DE PASTO
Hull fracture, taking water in machinery space and three holds
Determine location of vessels and equipment; hire tug and supply vessel; establish towage connection
Bad weather; time critical situation because sinking of the vessel was threatened; crew had abandoned vessel; only vessel's emergency generator was available to supply power
COLUMBIA NEW YORK
Barge
Grounded
Refloated with tug assist
Time critical as bad weather could have broken her on rocks
CRANE RECOVERY
Wet salvage
CYRIL
M/V general cargo
Aground
Offload; refloat
DAE RIM
Fishing vessel
Drifted ashore after unsuccessful rescue tow
Failure caused by Russian tug letting go her tow
DAY ISLAND
Fishing vessel
Swamped over underwater rock
Refloated
Docked
DELTA AMERICA/KFFJ
M/V general cargo
Aground
LOF Moran-Crowley; SMIT/SASI
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
DEVALI 1/D51W
M/Tank
Aground during hurricane
Inspection and contract LOF; SMIT
Loaded crude
DIALA
MV tanker
Aground
Lightering operation ''over the top''
DIALA/DGBS
M/Tank
Aground
Partial discharge; refloated, SMIT/OCEAN - salvage
Cargo crude
DIAZ ORDAZ
M/F
Wet salvage
DIMI
Aground
DOCELOTUS/PPVD
M/V general cargo
Aground
Refloated after deballasting
DREDGE BARGE
Barge
Survey
DUVAL II
Barge
Collision and subsequent sinking in Houston Ship Channel
Pushed to side of channel; heavy lift barge from New Orleans salvaged vessel
Unavailability of heavy lift barge in area; h-l barge delayed by fog
Successfully salved; two way traffic not restored for about two weeks
EAGEAN SUN
MV tanker
Struck submerged object and grounded
Inerted all cargo tanks and refloated vessel
EASTERN STAR
Log carrier
Broke mooring
Controlled by Local harbor tug
Capable vessel willing to help
Continued voyage
ELPASO PAUL KEYSER
LNG tanker
Grounding
Vessel dispatched for lightering; special offload equipment mobilized immediately by owner;
Double bottom prevented penetration of inner hull; ship provided with and had trained in damage control and casualty procedures; owners on scene within 30 hours to liaise with local authorities and government officials and prepared to make tough decisions including destruction of ship; salvage engineers and naval architects on scene, backed by support in CONUS
No pollution and no litigation occurred; ship repaired in drydock and back in service
ELDIAMN
Survey
EMS ORE
Grounded; broken rudder
Refloated with local salvor and tugs; used tugs to steer vessel down river to awaiting foreign tug (BUGSIER) towed to Germany
Fully loaded iron ore
ENTERPRISE
MV bulkcarrier
Aground
Lightering operation
ENTERPRISE/3FOF
M/V bulk
Aground
Partial offload; refloat SASI; delivered to Beaumont, TX; SASI
ERKOWIT
Breakbulk
Collision with DORTMUND
Entry into inner harbor denied; ship was sinking; grounded by salvage master on local public beach; hazardous deck cargo floated off
Deck cargo of highly toxic agricultural chemicals; tug master doubled as salvage master; occurred on weekend when regular port authorities were not available Ship removed and disposed of; pollution occurred
Ship removed and disposed of; pollution occurred
ESSI ANNE
Freight vessel
Grounded
Pulled off ground by 2 tugs
Channel restrictions made operation time critical
ESTELLE J / H9NX
M/Bulk
Aground
Partlal offload; refloat
ETHNOS/5MRD
M/V
Refloated with Smit Salvor and Terminals; to Curacao
EXPLORER
M/T
Dry salvage
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
EXXON VALDEZ
T/V
Grounded
80% of cargo saved; lightering, floated from strand
F/V TENYO MARU
Collision
Several thousand gallons of oil were pumped from vessel after underwater ROV was used to attach hose
Need for cooperation with Canadian Government; use of ROV
Major oil spill, vessel sank; vessel never salvaged
FAITH 1/OCEAN 190
Collision
Gasoline cargo in damaged ,tanks allowed to dissipate before remaining cargo pumped off
FEDERAL RHINE/ELBY 3
M/V bulk
Aground
Part offloaded; refloated; SASI
Loaded with grain
FIJI PRINCESS
Passenger vessel
Aground
Refloated by local salvage company
Rapid response with adequate equipment
FORT PROVIDENCE/GCPJ
M/V bulk carrier
Aground
Part offloaded; refloated, SASI, anchored
FRESTON STAR
M/V
Survey
GARYVILLE
M.T.
Towing
GEO S
M/V
Dry salvage
GLACIER BAY
Tanker
Struck uncharted rock
Discharged over the top by equipment from Valdez
Success determined by over the top pumping equipment
Ship returned to service
GUYANA
M/V
Survey
HAPPY RUNNER
MV heavy lift vessel
Capsized
Refloating operation with Derrick barges
HAPPY RUNNER
M/V
Survey
HARP
M/V
Aground
Partial discharge; refloat SMIT/SASI
HERCULES
M/V
Dry salvage
Scuttled
HERMANOS CARCAMO/DANT
MN bulk carrier
Aground
Refloat; LOF
HYUDAI 12
Bulk carrier
Grounded
Refloated by crew flown in with equipment available in area; RCTIC SALVOR sailed from Seattle and arrived near end of refloating operation
Personnel skilled in salvage and adaptation of local equipment
Vessel returned to service
HYUNDAI #12
Freight vessel
Grounded
Fuel oil pumped from double bottom tanks and several hundred tons of cargo grain were jettisoned
Unseasonably fair weather; ability to jettison cargo
Refloated
IB906
Barge
Holed double bottom; sownflooded open void hatches while preparing to lock through
Improvised flex hose and drum cofferdam to pump out voids; refloat; "shingle" hole
Complete sinking and hazmat release avoided by running barge into shallow water
Sent to drydock
INDEPEN-DENCE SERVICE
Freight vessel
Grounded; flooded
Barge in tow taken in tow by towing vessels; towed vessel to Palominos Island; capsized while in tow; raised by commercial salvage company
ISLA PUNA
Grounding
ITAPUCA/PPEL
M/V general cargo
Fire in cargo hold #1
Chemical fire extinguished
JAINGA
M/T
S.T.S.
JAY GANESH
Freighter
Grounded
Fully loaded; vessel in exposed situation on reef
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
JOHN AUGUSTUS ESSBEGER/DHGJ
M/Bulk
Aground
Refloated SMIT/SASI; LOF
JUPITER
T/V
Caught fire exploded; burned;
Obtain adequate wire rope to further secure hip; fire extinguished on day 2; reignited and extinguished on day 3; salvage complete on week 5
Obstructed channel in Saginaw River, MI; shorebased firefighting resources could not reach vessel; vessel originally tethered by only one of six original mooring lines; securing ship extinguishing fire, disposing of contaminated water; alternate uses for available resources
KEYES 302
Wet salvage
LADY PAMELA
Sunk
Traditional attempts to raise vessel through pumping out tanks through ents failed due to unique plumbing; crane barge was hired; vessel dragged by barge near shore to take advantage of tidal cycles; after 3 days of massive pumping and lifting the vehicle was salvaged without loss of fuel
LLOYD GENOVA/PPJP
M/V general cargo
Aground
LOF; SMIT/SASI
LOUISIANA BRIMSTONE
Grounding
M/T ESSO BRUSSELS, S/S SEA WITCH
After collision, ESSO BRUSSELS stern anchor caught in starboard anchor chain of SEA WITCH; SEA WITCH was on fire
SEA WITCH was removed to safe distance from ESSO BRUSSELS; ESSO BRUSSELS fire was extinguished; discharged cargo; continued oil pollution control
M/V ELDIA
Freighter
Blown ashore
National Strike Force personnel pumped fuel oil from vessel
Cooperation by all parties involved; good weather conditions
Refloated without loss of cargo
M/V SCANDA
NAVIA SEA
Cruise ship
Fire
Brought to dock to offload passengers; firefighting efforts commenced dockside; vessel almost lost due to excessive use of firefighting water
Lake of personnel trained in shipboard firefighting; time critical need to pump off firefighting water
Vessel saved
M/V STAR CONNECTICUT
Grounded
Navy, Coast Guard, civilian salvors on-site; repaired hull cracks; dewatered pump room
Fully laden vessel; damage to propeller shaft; cracks in double bottom; flooding in pump room; favorable environmental conditions, timely damage control and dewatering operations
Refloated without any oil release
MAASSLOT
M/T
Ship transfer service
MAASSTAD
M/T
Ship transfer service
MAASTROOM
Ship transfer service
MARl BOEING
General cargo
Aground
Total offload; refloat; LOF; SMIT/SASI; towed to Korea
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
MARINA L
Grounded
Lightered cargo out with self-unloader vessels and tugs
Fully loaded with linseed oil cake; time critical as building up sand around vessel
MARINE ELECTRIC/WOOH
SS bulk
Sank
Diving survey; SASI/Galerne
Cargo coal
MARQUESA
MV bulkcarrier
Aground
Lightering operation
MARSHALL KONEV
MV bulkcarrier
Aground
Lightering operation
MARSHALL KONYEV
MV
Grounding
Combination of lightering and horsepower freed vessel
Lack of towing vessels quickly available; quickly began silting in; owners decision to only incrementally increase towing vessels; owners were located in Soviet Union; owners representatives were incapable or unwilling to commit themselves to realistic cures for the situation
MARY LOU
M/V cargo
Aground
Refloated; SMIT/SASI; LOF
MAVRO VETRANIC
M/V
LOF
MEGA BORG
Explosion/fire in engine room, pump room and accommodations
LOF
MELODIC/6ZTY
M/V cargo
Aground
Refloated Smit Cory/McAllister
Docked at Montreal
MERCEDES ENVOY
Dry salvage daily
MERKUR AMERICA
Engine room fire
MERMOZ/FOSK
Passenger ship
Aground
Refloat
METULA
VLCC
Grounding
Cargo removed by lightering using portable pumps
Weather permitted operation; ship showed remarkable durability in remote, inhospitable part of the world
Pollution limited
MILOS REEFER
Refrigerated cargo carrier
Grounded
Winter weather and damage prevented salvage attempt
Owner removed some oils and hazardous materials
MINERVA
Bulk carrier
Grounded outside channel; unable to refloat; need to lighter
Lightered off cargo to refloat
Difficulty in determining when suitable lightering barge would be available
Refloated
MINORES PRIDE
Aground in mud
Refloated with local salvor and tugs
Fully loaded with iron ore; time critical as blocking river fairway
MISSISSIPPI QUEEN
Wet salvage
MONSANTO
Chemical barge
Hit bridge; caught fire
MONSUN
MV
Collision damage hold #3
Emergency repair
MOSUN
M/V
Survey
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
MOUNT ATHOS / SXLX
M/V general cargo
Aground
Refloated; SASI
NAFTOPORO S / SYKE
M/V bulk cargo
Aground
Refloated SMIT/SASl; towed to Balboa, Panama
NO 6 CHILBOSAN
Refrigerated cargo carrier
Grounded
Winter weather and damage prevented salvage attempt
Owner removed some oils and hazardous materials
NORDIC RIDER / A8UV
Bulk carrier
Aground on reef
Refloat; SMIT/SASl
NORMAN PACIFIC / S6AL
M/V bulk carrier
Aground
Part offloaded; refloat; SASI
Loaded with grain
OBELIX / A8WE
M/Tank
Collision
LOF SASI; offloaded; refloated
OCEAN 255
Barge
Collision with freighter BALSA 37 and barge B 155; spill and fire on B155
Fire extinguished by Tampa Fire Dept; spill cleanup coordinated by NRC and Maritrans; OCEAN 255 pumped out by Strike Team
Fire
Fire extinguished quickly; good coordination cleanup
OCEAN BEAUTY
Bulk carrier
Grounded
Refloated by SALVAGE CHIEF
Availability of salvage vessel
Returned to service
OCEAN EAGLE
40,000 dwt
Grounding; ship broke in half
USN responsible for bow section, MCS for stem; owner abandoned vessel early so wreck clearance was effected expeditiously; cargo was removed from stem to lightering vessel; cargo remaining in forward half offloaded by pumping into lightering vessel
Pilot not yet aboard
Major pollution occurred, most of oil was salved; both sections were scuttled in deep water by salvors
OCEAN HANNE
Small freight ship
Grounded
ONDINA
M/T
Dry salvage
PACIFIC VOYAGER
Fishing vessel
Wreck
Uneconomical to salvage because no reasonable-cost assets available
PENROD HULL
Wet salvage
PENROD LEGS
Wet salvage
PERRYVILLE/
KUTN
Product tanker
Aground
LOF SMIT/SASI; refloat; escort to New Orleans
PETRO SERVICE
T/V
Aground
USCG removed gasoline to small barges; empty vessel dragged off reef
2,000,000 gallons of gasoline on board
PLATFORM REMOVAL
Wet salvage
POINT LEVI
Barge
Grounded
Offloaded; refloated; drydocked
Loaded with crude; ice St. Lawrence River
PRESIDENTE RIVERA
Grounded on rock ledge; holed 7 tanks
Damaged tanks lightered to barges; tugs and engine used to push off ledge; moved to dock; offloaded; temp patches
Crew language barrier; crew incompetence; delays getting lightering barges; access to get salvage pumps on board; 3 knot river currents; tidal rise/fall; good salvage master; loadmaster computer onboard; good vessel condition; high cargo flashpoint
304K gallons of #6 oil spilled, sent to drydock
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A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
VLCC
Lost all power
Local tugs unsuccessfully attempted to take ship under tow; ship's engineers restored power minutes before grounding would have occurred
Fully loaded; drifting toward Columbia Glacier 30nmi away; response effort of local tugs inadequate
No pollution; no damage to ship
PROTESlLAUS/
GPGA
M/V general cargo
Aground
LOF; refloat; SMIT/SASl
PSARA
Product carrier
Vessel started taking slow rolls to 15 degrees; came to rest leaning on pier with 8 degree list; lines taught; 2 tugs holding against pier
Careful soundings; calculation of ballast/offload sequence and quantities
Mate used improper offload sequence
PUERTO RICAN
T/V
Explosion; fire, sinking
USCG ordered vessel to sea; USCG, USN, and local fireboats put out fire; lightering barge; vessel broke in half
Forebody drydocked
RAVEN
Tug
Fell off Marine Railway
Refloated with floating crane
Time critical as blocking ways
REGENT STAR
Cruise ship
Main switchboard fire; blackout and stranding
Passengers removed by ferry vessel; refloated at high tide with tugs; careful ballast/fuel arrangement
Hull strength due to bending at low tide; empty double bottoms created stability problem for refloating
RIO TUXPAN/XCRT
M/V general cargo
Aground
Offload; refloat; LOF
Docked at Vera Cruz
ROBERT E. RESOFF
Fish processor
Broke moorings
Controlled and returned to moorings by fishing vessels
Capable vessels of opportunity willing to help
Returned to service
S.E.W.O.P MR. DON
Wet salvage
S/S SANTA ANNA
Dead in water
Pumped 1,800 gallons fuel onboard to restart auxilliary generators; tug towed ship to Wilmington, NC
Weather; communication; fatigue of crews; equipment failure; lack of specific kind of equipment
Successful rescue
S/S SAN JUAN
Grounding
Channel closed; local tugs assisted; liquid loads were shifted; vessel successfully refloated without pollution
Outstanding salvage master
S/S SINGAPORE TRADER
Dry cargo
High aground ship
Used Sorbent C Filtration System to filter dirty ballast water in double bottom tanks; "clean water" pumped into St. Lawrence River; SINGAPORE TRADER brought to Montreal
No pollution in Montreal Harbor
SANTAEVON
M/V
Survey
SARAH FRANK
Oil barge
Sank
Cleanup and pollution control by local vendors; salvage by lifting barge with DonJon Salvage Heavy Lift Floating Crane
Spilled large quantities of oil into Arthur Kill
SEA ALASKA
Fish processor
Dragged anchor and grounded
Refloated by fishing vessels
Success determined by availability of assisting vessels of opportunity
Returned to service
SEA LUCK
Stranded on reefs
No salvor; hired tugs and barges from east coast; lightered cargo to refloat
Fully loaded with phosphates; time critical to refloat before bottom breached on rocks in exposed position
SEASPAN RIGGER
Log barge
Grounded
Refloated by SALVAGE CHIEF
Broken in half; availability of salvage vessel
Returned to service
OCR for page 99
A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Critical Factors
SEAWITCH STERN
M/V general cargo
Capsized
Drydocked in Brooklyn Navy Yard; complete salvage; towed to Newport News, VA
SENECA
Suffered severe storm damage; collision bulkhead collapsed; #1CT dumped into forepeak/focsle; propagating cracks in 4 consecutive main butt welds
Examined double bottoms, focsle, and deck at sea to determine imminent danger; moved vessel to still water in bay; delicate offload over one week
Severe owner interference
Sent ship to drydock
SOVEREIGN OF THE SEAS
Passenger vessel
Caught fire
Crew and local firefighters extinguished fire
Time critical to loss of life
STAR 6
Tank barge
Intentionally grounded
Owners hired local contractor unable to provide necessary equipment and expertise; USCG lightered cargo; dewatered flooding wing tanks
Vessel moved to drydock
STEELHEAD
Oil production platform
Gas blowout and fire
Arrival of firefighting tug and two specialized high-output portable pumps (5,000 gpm/200 psi) mounted on vessels of opportunity; water used to cool platform structure while relief well was drilled to curtail flow of gas
Fire tug on-site within 18 hours of blowout; portable pumps arrived within 8 hours of request by owners
Successful"
STOLT EXCELLENCE
MV tanker
Aground
Lightering operation
STOLT SINCERITY
Chemical product tanker
Aground
Refloated, SASI
SUNDANCER
Cruise ship
Sunk after grounding
Refloated by Canadian company
Availability of assets
SWALLOW
M/V
Grounded
Lightened ship; refloated
T/B APEX 3417
Collision; vessel sank, closed Houston Ship Canal
Removed from channel with heavy lift cranes after several days;
Economic need to reopen Houston Ship Canal; time delays in completing salvage due to fears of spilling additional oil; financial problems of bankrupt owner; salvage might have been completed sooner had method been available to determine amount of oil remaining in tanks
OCR for page 100
A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
T/B STAR 6
Barge
Leaking in its double hull voids and rakes
Tow to port in Texas using small pump to de-water voids; ran out of fuel for pump, barge began to sink; tow decided to return to point of origin (Mobile), heading up mean ship channel barge began to capsize; tow grounded barge which sank in 12 feet of water coming to rest at 45% angle along starboard bilge; local contractor hired to patch holes in, and de-water, voids; equipment and compatibility problems arose due to caustic cargo; Strike Team pumped out voids and rakes; lightered cargo to a second barge
Sunk barge in danger of sliding into and blocking Mobile Ship Canal and cutting off Mobile to all deep draft ship traffic
Sunken barge righted and refloated
TAE WONG
M/V
Aground
Developed method to ignite remaining petroleum products on board and conduct in situ burning response
Limits of liability; age of ship; remoteness of assets
TAO-191
Navy Fleet Tanker
Dead shift broke adrift from tow, stranded
Refloated by use of tugs and salvor DONJON MARINE
Time critical for vessel in exposed position
TAURO DEL GOLFO
M/V
Wet salvage
TENYO MARU
F/V
Sank in 500 feet water
Remotely operated vehicle with attached camera inserted hose into porthole and removed 26,000 gallons of oil
Removed 26,000 gallons of oil
TEXACO NORTH DAKOTA / KFDG
Product tanker
Collision
LOF SMIT/SASI offloaded; re floated
Loaded partly with gasoline
Docked in Port Arthur
TEXISTEPEC
Phosphate bulker
Stranded
Refloated
Time critical to remove from reef before breaking up on rocks in exposed seaway
TEXISTEPEC/
XCTW
M/V general cargo
Aground
Refloated; SMIT/SASI
THALASSINI EFHI/ELDF6
Aground second time
Refloat; tugs; LOF; SASI
THEANOULA
Flooded engine room
TIFOSO
Large tanker
Stranded on reef
Had to get large tugs to site; vessels bottom heavily damaged; CTL; refloated and sunk offshore
No cargo; time critical to refloat before vessel broke up and released bunkers
TIFOSO/ABGT
M/Tank
Grounded
Refloated; SMIT, SASI liaison
TONKAWA
Drilling barge
Capsized
Refloating with derrick barges
TOPAZ
Small freighter
Stranded on coral
Per USCG, needed to remove bunkers prior to refloat; almost impossible to pump out bunker "C" without heat on dead ship; no salvor, used passing tugs to refloat
No cargo on board; time critical to refloat before rocks breached hull in seaway
OCR for page 101
A Reassessment of the Marine Salvage Posture of the United States
Vessel Name
Vessel Type
Situation
Response
Critical Factors
Outcome
TORREY CANYON
VLCC
Grounding
Salvage Master and RN SupSalv on board, preparations being made to offload and de-water holed tank; explosion occurred incident to salvage preparations; Salvage Master killed; RAF bombed ship against advice of RN SupSalv in unsuccessful attempt to burn remaining cargo
Fully loaded, explosion occurred incident to salvage preparations
Major pollution occurred; ship total loss
TRITON C/ELAP
M/V general cargo
Aground
Part offloaded; SASI, refloated
TUGS TAMPICO
M/V
Wet salvage
TULA
M/V
Wet salvage
USCG MESQITE
Run aground
Successfully picked up after being aground all winter
Lost favorable weather window in December
Picked up in spring, hazardous materials removed, and scuttled
USNS MISSION SAN FRANCISCO
T-2 tanker
Collision; explosion; grounding; channel blockage; stern afloat, bow hard aground, loss of hull modulus in midbody
Joint response (USN, Merritt Chapman Scott); 102 tons of ballast loaded in stern as stability ballast; operation interrupted due to fog and ice floes; second collision occurred casting stem section loose; 102 tons of stability ballast in addition to mid-body bottom structure was sufficient for adequate stability; protection of environment consisted of state-of-the-art best effort to deploy booms
Sustained severe structural damage
Stern salved; bow and mid-body broken up by explosive cutting and wrecking grabs and disposed of
VEEDOL /ELWR
M/V bulk cargo
Aground
Refloated; SMIT/SASI; LOF
Aground at breakwater
VENCEMOS IV
Sank
Full cargo of cement; cement hardened bit by bit; lack of owner cooperation
CTL; wreck removal project
VENTURE LUNA
Cargo vessel
Grounded
Refloated by own efforts; hull holed and spilling oil required owners and P&I to make an OPA 90 response
Continued voyage with temporary repairs
WANDA WHEELOCK
Large ITB barge
Struck rock and sank
Lightened to sister barge; refloated
Obstructing river fairway
WEEKS #282
Barge
Sank
Refloated with pumps with local salvor
Time critical as blocking river fairway
WESTERN BARGE
Wet salvage
WYWURRY
MV bulkcarrier
Aground
Lightering operation
ZAMIA
M/V
Dry salvage
ZOE COLLOCOTRONI
44,000 dwt
Grounding
Offload of cargo using ships pumps, piping, and discharge connection
Weather cooperated; owner supplied lightering vessel which was anchored astern
Environmental pollution was minor
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