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G
Committee Biographies
JEROME H. GROSSMAN, M.D., chairing and CEO of New England
Medical Center MEMO, has been involved in health care for more than 25
years as a clinician, administrator, reformer, and distinguished health policy
researcher. In addition to his position at NEMC, he is professor of medicine at
Tufts University School of Medicine. Dr. Grossman received a B.S. degree from
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1961, and his MD from the
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1965. He joined the staff of
Massachusetts General Hospital in 1966, where he served in a variety of
positions including director of Ambulatory Care and assistant professor of
medicine at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Grossman Caine to NEMC as president
in 1979 and became chairman of its holding company in 1984. He has been
active in the HMO movement as an original staff member of Harvard
Community Health Plan and a founder of the Tubts Associated Health Plan.
Nationally Dr. Grossman has been an active voice for health care reform, holding
several leadership positions in the Association of American Medical Colleges' the
Council of Teaching Hospitals, the Academic Medical Center Consortium, and
the Institute of Medicine. In 1988 he founded The Health Institute at NEMC to
pursue research and development of initiatives to improve the organization and
financing of medical care to achieve better health outcomes. In addition to his
health care activities, Dr. Grossman is very involved in social and economic
issues, including jobs and education.
ROBERT A. BERENSON, M.D., F.A.C.P., is a board-certified internist in
private group practice in Washington, D.C. (currently on leave). Prior to starting
his medical practice in 1981, Dr. Berenson, a graduate ofthe Mount Sinai School
of Medicine, spent 3~/2 years on the Carter White House Domestic Policy staff,
initially as a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholar. At the White
157
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SETTING PRIORITIES FOR CLINICALPRACTICE GUIDELINES
House, he worked on national health policy issues, including hospital cost
containment and national health insurance. Dr. Berenson recently served as co-
chair of two working groups as part of the Clinton White House Task Force on
Health Reform, one on malpractice reform, the other on the structure and
function of accountable health plans. He was also an advisor to the transition
team and was primarily responsible for the transition papers on quality of care
and malpractice reform. While practicing, Dr. Berenson has become involved
in managed care organization development. With two others, Dr. Berenson
helped found National Capital PPO (NCPPO) in July 1987, and is a member of
its Board of Directors. NCPPO serves about 150,000 people in the Washington,
D.C., area. He has served as co-~nedical director since its inception, and is
responsible for fee schedule development, repricing claims, physician recruitment
and credentialing, and patient grievance review. On March 1, 1994, Dr.
Berenson became national program director of the Improving Malpractice
Prevention and Compensation Systems program, funded by the Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation arid located in the Center for Health Policy Studies at the
Georgetown University School of Medicine. The program will award grants for
the demonstration and evaluation of innovative approaches to preventing
negligence and compensating injured patients. Dr. Berenson has served as a
panel member on three Institute of Medicine studies and currently serves on the
health and public policy committees of the American College of Physicians and
in that capacity helped author its position on health care reform. He is on the
editorial board of Health Affairs.
CATHERINE BORBAS, Ph.D., has a doctorate in social science research
and a master's degree in public health. She has 22 years of health care
experience, 15 years involved in quality of care evaluation. Dr. Borbas has been
responsible for building two hospital quality of care consortiums, the Pediatric
Cardiac Care Consortium (31 hospitals) arid the Minnesota Clinical Comparison
and Assessment Program (53 hospitals). Dr. Borbas is executive director of the
Healthcare Education arid Research Foundation (HERF) act independent nonprofit
applied research organization in St. Paul, Minnesota. Since 1989, HERF has
developed clinical guidelines, undertaken outcomes research, and has fedback
information to 53 Minnesota hospitals. Funding for HERF involves a
combination of grants and consultants' fees frown local health plans, hospitals,
and medical staffs. HERF is the sole subcontractor to the Harvard Medical
School for grants from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
(AHCPR) and the National Cancer Institute, and also has received funding from
the Hartford Foundation, Pew Charitable Trusts, arid the Bush Foundation. Dr.
Borbas has published extensively and given numerous presentations on guideline
application and outcome ~na~agement. She has been involved in several AHCPR
workshops on guideline-related issues.
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APPENDIX G
159
FRANCIS J. CROSSON, M.D., is associate executive director of the
Permanente Medical Group, a professional corporation of 3,500 physicians in
Northern California that serves the 2.5 million members of the Kaiser
Permanente Medical Care Program. Dr. Crosson is responsible for health care
quality, utilization management, medical legal affairs, research, and government
relations activities. He received his undergraduate degree in political science and
his M.D. from Georgetown University. He completed a residency in pediatrics
at Tufts-New England Medical Center and a fellowship in infectious diseases at
the Johns Hopkins University Hospital. Dr. Crosson has been with Kaiser
Permanente for 17 years. He serves as a member of the Board of Directors of
the Kaiser Permanente Insurance Company. He is a member of the California
Academy of Medicine and the California Medical Association Council on
Legislation. He is currently a member ofthe Steering Committee ofthe National
Committee for Quality Assurance Quality Report Card Pilot Project.
SHELDON S. GREENFIELD, M.D., is act internist, having completed his
residency at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, where he began to work on
clinical algorithms for nurse practitioners in the early 1970s. His pioneering
research on guidelines has been not only for nurse practitioners, but also for use
in quality of care assessment by chart audit, and most recently for physicians.
With his Boston colleagues, he performed a series of randomized, controlled
trials using algorithms comparing nurse practitioners to physicians with respect
to patient outcomes. He then turned to quality of care measurement, devising a
method called "criteria mapping," which applies branching logic and
decision~naking to retrospective chart review, again using outcomes to validate
the method. In recent years, he has been working with others to increase patients
participation in care using patient-oriented guidelines, and again, using outcomes
to determine the value of that participation. He is currently medical director of
the Medical Outcome Study, which seeks to compare systems of care, specialties,
various aspects of interpersonal care, arid resource use to outcome, and, in that
position, he has become one of the leading clinician outcomes researchers in the
country. He is principal investigator of the Type II diabetes Patient Outcomes
Research Team. He was chairman of the Quality of Care Committee at UCLA
for some years, and was a codirector for the RAND UCLA Center for Health
Policy Study. He is former president of the Society of General Internal
Medicine. He just finished a 4-year tenure as chairman of the Health Care
Technology Study Section for the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
DAVID H. GUSTAFSON, Ph.D., is a professor of industrial engineering
and preventive medicine arid founder of the Center for Health Systems Research
and Analysis at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is a member of the
board of the Institute for Health Care Improvement, an organization dedicated to
the promotion of quality management in health care. His quality management
research has produced a new strategy for understanding customer needs (now
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SETTING PRIORITIES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES
being applied in a nationwide study of long-ter~n-care patient and family needs),
a methodology for measuring and explaining the total burden of illness, an
analysis of quantitative evidence of total quality management (TQ~
effectiveness, and the development of a computer systems that currently links 77
health care organizations in the United States, Canada, and Australia in their
efforts to implement quality management. Using TQM he developed a computer
system (CHESS) for use by people in crisis that has been shown to improve the
health status and reduce the healthcare costs of people with AIDS. Studies of
its impact on breast cancer patients are in process. Dr. Gustafson directed
Wisconsin's Medicaid Management Study Team and redesigned the Long Term
Care Regulatory System in Wisconsin. He developed the Quality Assurance
Index (QAI), a method for measuring quality of care in nursing hones that has
demonstrated reliability and utility. The QAI has been used to measure quality
in nearly 200 nursing homes. He is helping a consortium of major employers
and payers to develop a system to e used by employees with aging parents to
identify and gain access to high-quality nursing homes across the United States.
Dr. Gustaison has been a keynote or plenary speaker at several conventions, is
the author of over 100 research articles arid books, and is an advisor on several
Federal healthcare policy studies.
WILLIAM L. MEDD, M.D., is in the full-time practice of general internal
medicine in Norway, Maine. He has been in this practice for the last 20 years
with four other associates. In addition to his practice, he is chairman of the
Claims Committee of Medical Mutual Insurance Company of Maine a
physician-owned malpractice carrier. He has been in this position for the last 15
years. He is involved with the American College of Physicians (ACP) and is the
current governor for the Maine Chapter. He serves on the National ACE
community-based teaching task force.
CHRISTINE MIASKOWSKI, R.N., Ph.D., F.A.A.N.,
is an associate
professor and interim chair in the Department of Physiological Nursing at the
University of California, Sail Fral~cisco. She has extensive clinical experience
in oncology nursing aloud pain management. Dr. Miaskowski's research focuses
on understanding mechanisms of opioid-induced analgesia using a rat model, as
well as clinical studies focusing on the ~nanagement of pain in oncology patients.
She served as a member of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
(AHCPR) expert panels to develop the Acute Pain Management Guideline and
the Cancer Pain Management Guideline. In addition, Dr. Miaskowski served on
the AHCPR Workgroup to develop a methodology to translate clinical practice
guidelines into medical review criteria, performance measures, and standards of
quality.
WILLIAM L. ROPER, M.D., M.P.H., is senior vice president and chief
medical officer of the Prudential Health Care System. He has overall
responsibility for the company's health care operations arid research activities,
including the areas of quality improvement, teclu~ology assessment, customer
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APPENDLY G
161
research, information management, and utilization management. Dr. Roper was
president of the Prudential Center for Health Care Research from August 1993
to November 1994. Before coming to Prudential he was director of the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention from 1990 until 1993. He previously served
as deputy assistant to the President for domestic policy and director ofthe White
House Office of Policy Development in 1989 arid 1990. He was administrator
of the Health Care Financing Administration (responsible for Medicare and
Medicaid), Department of Health arid Human Services, from 1986 to 1989.
Earlier, Dr. Roper served in the White House as special assistant to the president
for health policy from 1983 to 1986. Dr. Roper received a B.S. form the
University of Alabama in 1970, an M.D. from the University of Alabama School
of Medicine in 1974, and an M.P.H. from the University of Alabama at
Birmingham School of Public Health in 1981. He completed a residency in
pediatrics at the University of Colorado Medical Center in 1977. He is board
certified in pediatrics (1979) arid in preventive medicine (1982~.
LOUISE B. RUSSELL, Ph.D., is research professor of economics and chair
of the Health Care Policy Division in the Institute for Health, Health Care
Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University, and professor in the Department
of Economics. Her major area of research is the economics of medical care,
especially cost-effectiveness analysis of medical interventions. Before joining the
Rutgers faculty in August 1987, Dr. Russell was a senior fellow at the Brookings
Institution for 12 years. Dr. Russell has served on a number of advisory groups.
She currently co-chairs the Cost Effectiveness Pastel on Clinical Preventive
Services of the Department of Health arid Human Services. She served on the
Institute of Medicine's Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines (1990-1991),
Committee to Advise the Public Health Services on Medical Practice Guidelines
(1990), and the Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health (1986-
1987~. She was also a member of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force of
the Department of Health and Human Services (1984-1988~. Dr. Russell is a
member of the Institute of Medicine. She received her undergraduate degree
from the University of Michigan and her Ph.D. in economics from Harvard
University.
RICHARD N. SHIFFMAN, M.D., M.C.I.S.,
is an assistant professor of
Pediatrics at Yale School of Medicine and a member of the faculty of Yale's
Center for Medical Infonnatics. His research has centered on issues related to
the development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines and the use
of guidelines knowledge for computer-assisted medical decisiomnaking. Before
coming to Yale, Dr. Shif&al~ practiced primary care pediatrics in Arvada,
Colorado, for 12 years. He served as chief of the Department of Pediatrics at
Lutheran Medical Center in Wheatridge, Colorado, and as a member of the
Medical Board of the Children's Hospital in Denver. Dr. Shiffman is a member
of the Executive Committee of the Section on Computers and Other Technology
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SETTING PRIORITIES FOR CLINICALPRACTICE GUIDELINES
of the American Academy of Pediatrics. He received his baccalaureate and
medical degrees frown the University of Pennsylvania and trained in pediatrics at
the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for
Children in Indianapolis, and the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.
Dr. Shiffman received a master of Computer Infonnation Systems degrees from
the University of Denver and trained in medical informatics at the Harvard-MIT
Health Sciences Technology Program.
LINDA JOHNSON WHITE is director, Department of Scientific Policy of
the American College of Physicians, in Philadelphia. She oversees the policy
development and research activities of the College, including the clinical
privileges project, quality assurance, medical ethics, adult immunization
initiatives, other health promotion/disease prevention programs, arid activities in
geriatrics, health care organization arid financing. In 1982, when Ms. White
became research associate to the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Project of the
ACE, she was instrumental in establishing Ellis program as the premiere private
sector technology assessment and practice guideline activity in the country.
Originally with the Council of Medical Specialty Societies in Lake Forest,
Illinois, Ms. White developed Council policies on the Impaired Physician,
Consultations, Criteria for Interpreting CT Scans, Guidelines for Physician
Advertising, and Effective Peer Review. Ms. White's involvement in medical
practice guidelines development began with the initiation of the Medical
Necessity Project by the Blue Cross arid Blue Shield Association and the
formation of process arid procedures for the Council of Medical Specialty
Societies program on Clinical Procedure Review in 1976. She has served on
guideline study committees of the Institute of Medicine and is a frequent advisor
to other societies that are developing guideline activities. Ms. White is a
graduate of Northwestern University.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
care policy
