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SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
REQUIREMENTS FOR A
COMPREHENSIVE TEST-BAN
MONITORING SYSTEM
Pane! on Seismological Research Requirements for a Comprehensive
Test-Ban Monitoring System
Committee on Seismology
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources
National Research Council
National Academy Press
Washington, D.C. 1995
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject ofthis report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils
of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were
chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to
procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the
National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute
of Medicine.
Support for this study was provided by the Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 95-70295
International Standard Book Number 0-309-05332-3
Additional copies of this report are available from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Ave., NW
Box 285
Washington, DC 20055
800-624-6242
202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area)
B-657
COVER: The cover shows a seismograph recording of a presumed French underground
nuclear test in the Tuamotu Archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean. The event had a
magnitude of 4.7, and it occurred at 21:30:00 GMT on September 5,1995. The location
of the event is indicated in the Tower left corner. The recording is from the GERESS
seismic array in Germany, noted by the point on the right of the cover. As discussed in
this report, GERESS is a primary station in the GSETT-3 network that is being
developed to verifier a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Cover figure courtesy of Charles
Meade, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, National Research Council.
Copyright (341995 by the National Academy of Sciences.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
· -
11
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PANEL ON SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
REQUIREMENTS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE TEST-BAN
MONITORING SYSTEM
THORNE LAY, Chair, University of California, Santa Cruz
CLARENCE R. ALLEN, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
ROBERT BLANDFORD, Air Force Technical Applications Center, Arlington, Virginia
ROBERT HAMILTON, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia
WILLARD I. HANNON, JR., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
Livermore, California
THOMAS H. JORDAN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
CHARLES A. LANGSTON, Pennsylvania State Univesity, University Park
PAUL, G. RICHARDS, I~amont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York
BARBARA ROMANOWICZ, University of California, Berkeley
TERRY C. WALLACE JR., University of Arizona, Tucson
National Research Council Staff
WILLIAM E. BENSON, Senior Program Officer
CHARLES MEADE, Program Officer
JUDITH L. ESTEP, Administrative Assistant
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COMMITTEE ON SEISMOLOGY
THOMAS H. JORDAN. Chair, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge
F. A. DAHLEN, Princeton University, New Jersey
STEVEN M. DAY, San Diego State University, California
THOMAS C. HANKS. U.S. Geological Survey, Menio Park, California
CHARLES A. LANGSTON, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
THORNE LAY, University of California, Santa Cruz
STEWART A. LEVIN, Mobil Exploration & Production Technical Center,
Dallas, Texas
STEPHEN D. MALONE, University of Washington, Seattle
JAMES R. RICE, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
PAUL G. SOMERVILLE, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Pasadena, California
ANNE M. TREHU, Oregon State University, Corvallis
National Research Council Staff
WILLIAM E. BENSON, Senior Program Officer
CHARLES MEADE, Program Officer
JUDITH L. ESTEP, Administrative Assistant
.
1V
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BOARD ON EARTH SCIENCES AND
RESOURCES
J. FREEMAN GILBERT, Chair, University of Califomia, San Diego
GAIL M. ASHLEY, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
THURE CERLING, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
MARK P. CLODS, University of Texas at Austin
WILLIAM R. DICKINSON, University of Arizona, Tucson
JOEL DARMSTADTER, Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C.
MARCO T. ElNAUDT, Stanford University, California
NORMAN H. FOSTER, independent Petroleum Geologist, Denver, Colorado
CHARLES G. GROAT, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
DONALD C. HANEY, University of Kentucky, Lexington
SUSAN M. KIDWEI,L, University of Chicago, Illinois
PHILIP E. LAMOREAUX, P.E. LaMoreaux and Associates, Inc., Tuscaloosa. Alabama
SUSAN M. LANDON, Thomasson Partner Associates. Denver, Colorado
I. BERNARD MINSTER, University of California, San Diego
ALEXANDRA NAVROTSKY, Princeton University, New Jersey
IlLL D. PASTERIS, Washington University, St. Louis. Missouri
EDWARD C. ROY JR., Trinity University, San Anton~o, Texas
National Research Council Staff
CRAIG M. SCHIFFRIES, Staff Director
THOMAS M. USSELMAN, Associate Staff Director
INA B. ALTERMAN, Senior Program Officer
WILLIAM E. BENSON, Senior Program Officer
KEVIN D. CROWLEY, Senior Program Officer
ANNE M. LINN, Senior Program Officer
CHARLES MEADE, Program Officer
LALLY A. ANDERSON, Staff Associate
VERNA I. BOWEN, Administrative Assistant
JENNIFER T. ESTEP, Administrative Assistant
JUDITH L. ESTEP, Administrative Assistant
v
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COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES,
ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES
M. GORDON WOLMAN, Chair, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
PATRICK R. ATKINS, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
JAMES P. BRUCE, Canadian Climate Program Board, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
WILLIAM L. FISHER, The University of Texas. Austin
GEORGE M. HORNBERGER, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
DEBRA KNOPMAN, Progressive Policy Institute, Washington, D.C.
PERRY L. McCARTY, Stanford University, California
JUDY McDOWELL, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts
S. GEORGE PHILANDER, Princeton University, New Jersey
RAYMOND A. PRICE, Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada
THOMAS A. SCHELLING, University of Maryland, College Park
ELLEN K. SILBERGELD, University of Maryland Medical School,
Baltimore, Maryland
STEVEN M. STANLEY, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
VICTORIA I. TSCHINKEL, Landers and Parsons, Tallahassee, Florida
National Research Council Staff
STEPHEN RATTTEN, Executive Director
STEPHEN D. PARKER, Associate Executive Director
MORGAN GOPNTK, Assistant Executive Director
GREGORY SYMMES, Reports Officer
IlM MALLORY, Administrative Officer
SAND! FITZPATRICK, Administrative Associate
SUSAN SHERWIN, Project Assistant
V1
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PREFACE
At the request of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), the
Committee on Seismology of the National Research Council established the Pane! on
Seismological Research Requirements for a Comprehensive Test-Ban Monitoring
System to address issues associated with establishing an International Seismic
Monitoring System (TSMS) for verifying a Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).
Major decisions are now being made at an international level that wait affect seismologi-
cal monitoring and research efforts for the next few decades. A global network of high-
quaTity seismic arrays and broadband stations will provide data to the ISMS, with
participating states having access to the data for national treaty verification functions.
The ISMS data can be used to augment both earthquake monitoring and basic earth
science research capabilities in the United States, as long as the data characteristics are
adequate and the data are readily available to the broad seismological community in a
timely manner. Issues considered in this report include specifications of ISMS
instrumentation, mechanisms that must be established to provide general access to
ISMS data, and the U.S. research infrastructure needed to support the ISMS and
national verification functions. This report provides recommendations on both specific
technical issues and broader policy issues related to U.S. participation in the new
monitoring system. The recommendations are organized ureter three specific charges
to the panel, which are presented in filll in Appendix A.
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating
society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research,
dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general
welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in ~ 863, the
Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific
and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of
Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineenng was established in 1964, under the charter
of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding
engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members,
sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the
federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering
programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and
recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Harold Liebowitz is president
of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in ~ 970 by the National Academy of
Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the
examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts
under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional
charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identi-
fy issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of
the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of
Sciences in ~ 9 ~ 6 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the
Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government.
Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the
Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of
Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the
government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council
is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce
Alberts and Dr. Harold Liebowitz are chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the
National Research Council.
. . .
vail
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Recommendations, 3
Data Characteristics, 3
Data Access Within the United States, 4
Research Feedback, 6
2 INTRODUCTION
Planned International Seismic Monitoring System, ~ 0
Existing Seismological Systems, 13
ISMS DATA CHARACTERISTICS
Introduction and Background, 23
Discussion of TSMS Station Technical Requirements, 25
Desired Raw and Processed ISMS Data Streams, 3 ~
1
9
23
DISTRIBUTION OF ISMS DATA WITHIN THE UNITED STATES 33
Introduction and Background, 34
Agencies with an Interest in Seismic Data, 34
Seismic Waveform Data, 35
Seismological Event Bulletins, 38
Fundamental Guidelines for Data Access Issues, 42
Agency-Specific Recommendations Concerning Data Access, 46
5 ISMS AND U.S. NATIONAL VERIFICATION RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE
Introduction and Background, 54
U.S. Research and Development Tnfrastracture, 59
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A: CHARGE TO THE PANEL
APPENDIX B: RESEARCH TOPICS FOR CTBT SEISMIC
MONITORING
APPENDIX C: ACRONYM LIST
1X
53
69
71
73
79
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LIST OF FIGI~ES
2.1 Conceptual mode! for the International Seismic Monitoring System 12
2.2
Schematic of the current structure ofthe U.S. treaty
verification, earthquake monitoring, and basic research
seismological efforts.
2.3 Distribution of GSETT-3 primary stations
16
18
2.4 Distribution of stations of U.S. Geological Survey regional networks 19
2.5 Distribution of global seismic stations contributing to ISC
20
2.6 Distribution of stations of the Federation of Digital Seismographic 22
Networks
x
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SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
REQUIREMENTS FOR A
COMPREHENSIVE TEST-BAN
MONITORING SYSTEM
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