Index
A
Abusive Behavior Inventory, 16
Administration for Children and Families, 148, 149
Advertising Council, 97
Advocacy services, 105-106, 108, 110, 112, 128, 141 n.1
African Americans, 26, 27, 29-31, 34, 40-41, 78, 81, 103, 118, 133
Age
and recovery from violence, 80
and violence against women, 19, 32, 71-72
Alaska Natives, 42
Alcohol use/alcoholism
in victims, 70, 71, 72-73, 80, 83
and violent offending, 53, 54-56
American Indians, 42
American Medical Association, 109
American Psychological Association, Task Force on Male Violence Against Women, 10
Athletic team sports, 63
Attitudes, and violent offending, 58-59
Avoidance/resistance strategies, 98-99
B
Battered woman syndrome, 84, 140
Battered women, 17.
See also Intimate partner violence
Battered Women's Justice Project, 149
Batterers
arrest, 98, 110, 116-118, 141 n.3
characteristics of, 50, 56, 57, 62, 73-74
counseling/educational groups, 106, 122, 131-133
couples therapy, 133-134
courts and judicial processing, 121-123
homicides of, 25
protective orders, 120-121
self-reporting by, 32
stalking behavior, 18, 121, 130
Battering. See Intimate partner violence
Bureau of Justice Statistics, 27-28
C
California Wellness Foundation, 149-150
Canadian Violence Against Women Survey, 34
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5, 27-28, 104, 147-148, 150, 152
Child abuse, 16-17, 19, 62, 70, 71, 73-74, 84-85
Cognitive processing intervention, 101
Commonwealth Fund, 150
Confidentiality issues, 28, 109
Conflict resolution programs, 94-95
Conflict Tactic Scales, 14, 16
Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, 150
Consequences of violence against women
economic, 87-88
to family and friends, 2, 84-86
indirect costs, 88-89
physical, 75-78
psychological, 1, 79-84, 86-87
to victims, 74-84
Context issues
definitional, 13-14
research needs, 47-48
Counseling and peer support
for offenders, 106, 122, 130, 131-133
Couples therapy, 100, 130, 133-134
Criminal justice services.
See also Interventions with offenders;
specific services and types of offenders
arrest/law enforcement, 116-118, 120, 128-129
courts and judicial processing, 121-123
and deterrence, 97-98, 115, 118, 122-124
interventions for victims, 109-111, 151
prosecution of perpetrators, 118-119, 128-129
protective orders, 120-121
training projects, 149
statutory reforms, 124-128
Cultural mores, and violent offending, 50, 59, 67-68
D
Dating, rape and violence, 17, 20, 65-66, 72, 95, 96
Definitions
acquaintance, 17
incidence, 28
intimate partner violence, 10
physical violence, 13-14
prevalence, 28-29
psychological abuse, 15-18
rape, 11-12
sexual assault, 12-13
stalking, 18
violence, 9-10
violence against women, 8-11, 35, 44-45
Depression, 79-80
Deviance disavowal theories, 56
Domestic Violence Prevention Project, 150
Domestic Violence Resource Network, 149
E
Emotional abuse. See Psychological abuse
Evolution, and violent offending, 49-50, 51-52
F
Family
consequences of violence to, 84-86
Family Violence Prevention Fund, 97, 149-150
Fatal violence, statistics, 7, 24-27, 76
Fear, 8, 10-11, 76, 79, 81, 82, 86-87, 98, 101, 109-110
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, 12, 24, 28 , 128
Firearms, 26
Ford Foundation, 150
G
Gender issues
interviewer sex, 38-39
schema, and violent offending, 50, 58-59
sex role stereotypes, 62-63
H
Health Resource Center on Domestic Violence, 149
Health services, 108-109
Hispanics, 29, 30, 34, 41, 78, 80, 81, 103
Homicides
economic costs, 87
See also Fatal violence, statistics
Hormones, and aggression, 52, 53
I
Immigrants, 42
Indianapolis Domestic Violence Prosecution Experiment, 119
International studies, 36-37
Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, 107
Interventions for victims.
See also Preventive interventions
and batterer homicides, 25
community-level, 101-114
crisis-oriented services, 101-108
evaluation of, 100-101
individual-level, 99-101
service-seeking behavior, 39, 111-114
Interventions with offenders
coordinated community responses, 123-124
criminal justice, 114-130
culturally relevant programs, 132-133
sex offenders, 124-129, 134-136
stalkers, 129-130
treatment, 130-136
Intimate partner violence.
See also Batterers
biopsychosocial model of, 68
childhood abuse and, 62
definitions, 9-10
evolutionary theory of, 52
fatal, 25-27
legal support for, 65
physical consequences, 77-78
power motives, 59-60
prosecution of, 119-120
rape, 12, 28, 43, 65, 78, 127-128
L
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, 141 n.2
Lesbians, 21 n.2
M
Media
prevention roles, 96-97
and violent offending, 63-64
Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment, 116, 117
Minnesota Coalition for Battered Women, 95
Models/modeling, multifactorial, for violent offending, 68-69
Moslem women, 80
N
National Center for Health Statistics, 24
National Center for Prevention and Control of Rape, 29
National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape, 128
National Crime Victimization Survey, 8, 20, 29, 32-33, 117, 128
National Family Violence Surveys, 23, 29, 33, 38, 114, 118, 141 n.2
National Institute of Justice, 5-6, 116, 147, 148-149, 150, 151
National Institute of Mental Health, 10, 141 n.2, 149, 152
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 149
National Institutes of Health, 5, 148, 150
National Resource Center on Domestic Violence, 149, 156 n.1
National Science Foundation, 6, 151
National Television Violence Study, 64, 97
National Women's Study, 29
Neurophysiology, and violent offending, 52-54
New York Community Trust, 150
Norman Foundation, 150
P
Personality traits
of victims, 70-71
of violent offenders, 50, 55, 56-58, 60, 62, 63
Physical violence.
See also Intimate partner violence
defining, 13-14
measures of, 14
psychological abuse with, 16-17, 69
Physiology, and violent offending, 49, 52-54
Pornography, 63
Posttraumatic stress syndrome
in victims, 80, 81-84, 91 n.1, 101, 113, 129, 140
in violent offenders, 56
Preventive interventions
deterrence, 97-98
media roles, 96-97
research centers, 152-155
school-based programs, 94-96, 137
youth programs, 137-138
Protective orders, 26, 98, 110-111, 112, 120-121
PSTD. See Posttraumatic stress syndrome
Psychological abuse
categories of behavior, 15-16
of children, 16-17
measurement of, 16
and physical violence, 16-17, 69
Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory, 16
Psychopathology, and violent offending, 52, 56-58
R
Race/ethnicity
and criminal justice processing, 129
cultural sensitivity of researchers and practitioners, 146-147
data gaps, 40
and homicide rates, 26-27
interventions targeting, 132-133, 139-140
measures and instruments specific for, 42-43
patterns in violence against women, 29-30, 78
and recovery from violence, 80-81
and reporting of violence, 40-41
and shelter use, 103
Rape.
See also Sexual assault
acquaintance attacks, 55, 61-62, 81, 98
awareness/education programs, 67, 94-95
crisis centers, 76, 107-108, 112-114, 128
evolutionary theory, 52
homicides, 76
laws and reforms, 12, 65, 111, 115, 124-128, 140
marital, 12, 28, 43, 65, 127, 128
physical consequences, 75-77
reporting of, 28, 33, 57, 81, 111
resistance strategies, 72, 98-99
shield provisions, 111, 125, 126
statistics, 1, 8, 23, 33, 67-68
types of, 67-68
Rapists and sex offenders
characteristics, 57-58, 60, 62, 63
interventions, 124-129, 131, 134-136
prediction of future dangerousness, 136
recidivism, 135-136
Relationship stage, and violent offending, 61-62
Religion, and violent offending, 63
Research on violence
available data, use of, 39-40
confidentiality concerns, 28
data sources, 24, 27-29, 43-44
and definitions, 8-9, 13, 35, 44-45
findings, 29-34
gaps in data, 40-44, 46, 74-75, 114
life-span perspective, 75
methodological issues, 8, 33, 34-39, 42, 44-45, 56, 71, 85, 104-105, 132, 134
outcome measures, 104-105, 136-137
rape crisis services, 108
sample populations, 34, 40-42, 45, 74-75, 85, 90
shelter studies, 104-106
status of, 8
training of researchers and practitioners, 139, 144-147, 153
Research recommendations
building knowledge, 4-5, 152-155
consequences of violence, 89-91
context of violence, 47-48
criminal justice system, 140-141
definitions and measurement, 44-47
government coordination and leadership, 150-152
infrastructure development, 5-6. 150-155
instruments and measures, 45-47
longitudinal research, 90
methodological improvements, 3-4, 44-45
multidisciplinary centers, 152-155
offender interventions, 139-140
outcome measures, 136-137
panel's charge and scope, 2, 18-20
preventive interventions, 2-3, 137-138
victim interventions, 138-139
Resource Center on Child Protection and Custody, 149
Risk factors, for victimization, 70-73
Robert Sterling Clark Foundation, 150
S
Schools
preventive intervention programs, 67, 94-96, 137
and violent offending, 62-63
Sex offenders. See Rapists and sex offenders
Sex versus power motives for violent offending, 59-60
Sexual assault.
See also Rape
data collection methods, 34-35
physical consequences, 75-77
Sexual assault nurse examiner programs, 109
Sexual battery, 12
Sexual scripts, and violent offending, 65-67
Sexually aggressive men, 57, 58-59, 60, 66
Sexually transmitted diseases, 76
Shelters and shelter programs, 101-107, 111-112, 114
Social information processing, 50, 55-56, 60-61, 73
Social learning, and violent offending, 50, 60-62, 85, 131
Socioeconomic status
and reporting of violence, 40-41
of shelter users, 102-103
Somatization disorder, 77
Spouse abuse. See Intimate partner violence
Spouse Assault Replication Program, 116
Stalking
defining, 18
interventions, 18, 121, 129-130
Statistics
fatal violence, 24-27
intimate partner violence, 1, 7, 23
nonfatal violence, 27-44
official data, 27-28
surveys, 28-29
Stress inoculation training, 101
T
Television/cinema violence, 64
U
U.S. Attorney General's Task Force on Family Violence, 114-115
U.S. Department of Education, 6, 148, 151
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 152
U.S. Department of Justice, 147, 151, 152
U.S. Department of Labor, 148
V
Victimization/victims.
See also Interventions for victims
examination and treatment, 109
patterns of, 7-9
personality traits, 70-71
physical effects of violence, 74-78, 87-88
productivity losses, 88-89, 91
prosecution of offenders, 118-119
psychological effects of violence, 76-77, 79-84, 86, 89, 91 n.1, 112
and service utilization, 100-101, 111-114, 120, 138-139, 149
Violence Against Women Act of 1994, 2, 18, 115, 124, 143, 151
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, 18, 115
Violent offending.
See also Batterers;
Interventions with offenders;
Rapists and sex offenders
childhood predictors of, 137-138
deterrence, 97-98
dyadic contexts, 61-62
individual determinants, 51-61
institutional influences, 62-64
multifactoral models, 68-69
societal influences, 64-68
W
See also Intimate partner violence
Women's Health Initiative, 150