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OCR for page 327
Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
A
Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
TABLE A-1 Survey of Limnology Programs at U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: Summary
Survey Question
Number of Schools
Number of faculty members in limnology and related disciplines
0
3
1
9
2
5
3
6
4
7
5–10
28
11–20
5
>20
3
Students obtaining degrees in limnology-related fields each year
0
3
1–5
26
6–10
12
11–15
6
16–20
6
>20
6
Level of introductory limnology course
Freshman/sophomore
0
Junior/senior/graduate
59
Graduate only
4
Student interest in limnology
Increasing
38
Holding steady
17
Decreasing
2
Schools with access to research or field stations
40
Schools responding to survey
69
SOURCE: Written surveys sent to schools belonging to the Universities Council on Water Resources or housing a Water Resources Research Institute. See Table A-3 for detailed responses.
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
TABLE A-2 Departments Housing Faculty Working in Limnology and Related Disciplines
Department
Number of Schools with Limnology-Related Faculty Housed in This Type of Department
Agriculture/soil science
6
Biology
42
Botany
12
Chemistry
3
Civil/environmental engineering
32
Ecology
6
Entomology
9
Environmental science/studies
10
Fisheries
17
Forestry
10
Geography
3
Geology/geophysics/geoscience
18
Hydrology/hydrogeology
4
Landscape architecture
1
Life science
2
Marine science and limnology
1
Natural resources
9
Oceanography
3
Public health
2
Rangeland management
3
Urban and regional planning
1
Zoology
15
Zoology and limnology
1
SOURCE: Written surveys of schools belonging to the Universities Council on Water Resources or housing U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Research Institutes. See Table A-3 for detailed responses.
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
TABLE A-3 Limnology Programs at U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: Survey Responses
University
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course
Level of Student Interest in Limnology
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs
Alabama
Biological sciences Geology Geography Civil and environmental engineering
Biological sciences Geology Geography Civil and environmental engineering
10
22
Once per semester (junior/senior/
graduate level)
Increasing
One field station
Arizona State
Zoology Civil engineering
Zoology Civil engineering
na
5
Once per year (senior level)
Increasing
None
Arkansas
Biological sciences Zoology Botany Environmental science Civil engineering
Biological sciences Zoology Botany Environmental science Civil engineering
5–10
3
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Holding steady
None
Alaska, Fairbanks
Biology and wildlife Fisheries Marine science and limnology
Biology and wildlife Marine science and limnology
na
3
Once per year (senior level)
Holding steady at high level
Two ecological research stations
Arizona
Hydrology and water resources Wildlife and fisheries science
Hydrology and water resources Wildlife and fisheries science Entomology
6–8
2
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing rapidly
None
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
Auburn
Fisheries and allied aquacultures Zoology
Fisheries and allied aquacultures Zoology
5
4
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
250 small impoundments used for fish cultures
California, Berkeley
Civil and environmental engineering Integrated biology Environmental science, planning, and management Landscape architecture
Civil and environmental engineering Integrated biology Landscape architecture Entomology Geology
5
10
Once per semester (junior/senior/
graduate level)
Increasing
rapidly
Two field stations; other labs can be constructed on field sites
California, Davis
Environmental studies Ecology
Environmental studies Land, air, and water resources Ecology Hydrology
10
5
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
Two field research stations
California, Irvine
Ecology and evolutionary biology
Biological sciences
None
1
Every other year (junior/senior level)
na
None
California, Santa Barbara
Biological sciences
Biological sciences Geology Geography
34
5
Once per year (junior/senior level)
Increasing
Once field lab with many aquatic habitats
Cincinnati
Biological sciences
Biological sciences Geology Environmental engineering
3–5
4
Every other year (junior/senior level)
Increasing
None
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
University
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course
Level of Student Interest in Limnology
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs
Clemson
Biological sciences
Biological sciences Environmental systems engineering Aquaculture Fisheries and wildlife
3
5
Once per year (senior level)
Holding steady
Access to Corps of Engineers research facility
Colorado
Environmental, population, and organismic biology
Environmental, population, and organismic biology Civil, environmental, and architectural engineering
2
2
Once per year (junior/senior/
graduate level)
Increasing
One field station
Colorado State
Biology Fishery and wildlife biology
Biology Fishery and wildlife biology
3–4
3
Three courses offered in alternate years (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
None
Connecticut
Ecology and evolutionary biology
Ecology and evolutionary biology Civil engineering Natural resources management and engineering
8–10
3
Two courses, offered each year (junior/senior level)
Increasing
Marine science field station
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
Cornell
Natural resources Ecology and systematics
Ecology and systematics
2–3
6
Every other year (junior/senior/graduate level)
Increasing
One field station
Drexel
Bioscience and biotechnology
Bioscience and biotechnology Environmental studies institute
2–4
1 (plus 3 in related fields)
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Holding steady
One field station
Duke
Botany Geology Zoology School of the environment
Botany Geology Zoology School of the environment
2
5
Every other year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
None
East Carolina
Biology
Biology
20
6
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Holding steady
One field station in development
Georgia
Forest resources Institute of ecology Botany Entomology Microbiology
Forest resources Institute of ecology Botany Entomology Microbiology
10
10
Once per year (junior/senior/graduate level)
Increasing
Access to four field labs
Hawaii
None
Zoology
None
None
Every other year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
One rainforest lab
Idaho
Fish and wildlife Life sciences Hydrogeology Entomology Civil engineering Bacteriology/biochemistry
Fish and wildlife Life sciences Hydrogeology Entomology Civil engineering Bacteriology/biochemistry
5
4
Once per year (senior level)
Increasing rapidly
Three field stations
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
University
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course
Level of Student Interest in Limnology
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs
Johns Hopkins
Geography and environmental engineering Earth and planetary sciences
Geography and environmental engineering Earth and planetary sciences
5
6
New course (graduate level)
na
na
Kansas
Biology Systematics and ecology
Systematics and ecology Entomology Botany
2
8
Once per year (junior/senior/graduate level)
Increasing
rapidly
One large field site with many aquatic systems
Kansas State
Biology
Biology
21 (20 of these are B.S. degrees in fisheries)
2
Every other year (junior/senior/
graduate level)
Holding steady
One field station
Kentucky
Biological sciences Geological sciences Toxicology Forestry
Biological sciences Forestry Geological sciences
20
na
Every two to three years (senior level)
na
na
Louisiana
Biological and agricultural engineering Civil and environmental engineering Oceanography and coastal sciences
Biological and agricultural engineering Civil and environmental engineering Oceanography and coastal sciences
100
6
None
Increasing in all fields related to the environment
Natural systems engineering lab; several agricultural experimental stations
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
Maine
Plant biology Geological sciences Zoology Wildlife Institute of quaternary studies
Plant biology Geological sciences Zoology
0–3
5
Every other year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Increasing
One field site
Maryland
None
None
None
None
None
na
Two estuarine labs
Massachusetts
Biology Environmental sciences Wildlife and fisheries biology Entomology Geology Plant and soil science Civil engineering Environmental engineering
Biology Environmental sciences Wildlife and fisheries biology Entomology Geology Plant and soil science Civil engineering Environmental engineering Chemistry Public health Microbiology
na
1 limnologist; 16 faculty in related areas
Every semester (full-year course, junior/senior/ graduate level)
Decreasing
None
Michigan State
Fisheries and wildlife Zoology Botany Resource development
Fisheries and wildlife Zoology Botany Resource development
3–4
7
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Holding steady
Two field stations
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
TABLE A-3 Limnology Programs at U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: Survey Responses (Continued)
University
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course
Level of Student Interest in Limnology
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs
Minnesota, Twin Cities
Civil engineering Ecology, evolution and behavior Fisheries and wildlife Geology and geophysics Geography Horticulture Soil, water and climate Forest resources Entomology Plant science Public health
Agricultural engineering Ecology, evolution and behavior Civil engineering Geology and geophysics Entomology Horticulture Soil, water and climate Fisheries and wildlife Biology Plant science Environmental and occupational health
85
65
Three courses offered twice per year (junior/senior level)
Holding steady
One field station with many aquatic systems, one with experimental stream channels, and one with wetlands
Mississippi State
Wildlife and fisheries
Wildlife and fisheries Biological engineering Biological science
6
3
Once per year (junior level)
Holding steady
One research and extension center
Missouri
Fisheries and wildlife
Fisheries and wildlife Biological sciences Civil engineering
3-5
8
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
One field laboratory
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
Michigan
Biology Natural resources and environment
Biology Natural resources and environment
15–20 graduate students
6–10
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
One biological research station and many field research preserves
M.I.T.
Civil and environmental engineering
Civil and environmental engineering
5
1–2
Every other year (graduate level)
na
na
Montana
Biological sciences Environmental studies Wildlife biology
Biological sciences Environmental studies Wildlife biology Geology
20
20
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
Three large field stations
Montana State
Biology
Biology Environmental engineering Microbiology
10
6
Once per year (junior/senior level)
Holding steady
Field lab in Antarctica
Nebraska
Forestry, fisheries, and wildlife Biological sciences
Forestry, fisheries, and wildlife Biological sciences
20–23
1
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Increasing
One field station
Nevada, Las Vegas
Biological sciences
Biological sciences Geological sciences/
hydrology
5–10
5
Once per year (junior/senior level)
Holding steady
None
New Hampshire
Biology Natural resources
Biology Natural resources Botany
na
3
Once per year (senior level)
na
na
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
Geoscience
Geoscience Biology Chemistry
15 (hydrology)
1
None
na
None
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
University
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course
Level of Student Interest in Limnology
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs
New Mexico State
Interdisciplinary
Fishery and wildlife sciences Civil engineering
10
1
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Holding steady
None
New York, Syracuse
Environmental and forest biology
Forestry Chemistry
2–3
1
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
Many field stations and research sites
North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Environmental science and engineering Biological sciences
Environmental science and engineering Biological sciences Marine science Geology Urban and regional planning
4–6
5
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Decreasing
None
North Carolina State
Zoology Botany Forestry Fisheries and wildlife Crop science Biomathematics Ecology Eivil engineering Biological and agricultural engineering
Zoology Botany Forestry Civil engineering Biological and agricultural engineering
15
6
Once per year (senior level)
Increasing
Two reservoirs, one farm pond
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
North Dakota State
Zoology
Zoology
13
2
Every other year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Increasing
Access to Northern Prairie Science Center
Northern Illinois
Not taught at this institution
na
na
na
na
na
na
Ohio State
Zoology Natural resources
Zoology Natural resources Geology Entomology Civil engineering
20
4
Twice per year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Increasing
Field labs on Lake Erie, reservoirs, wetlands
Oklahoma State
Zoology
Zoology Botany Civil and environmental engineering
3
2–3
Every other year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Holding steady
None
Penn State
Environmental resource management
Civil/
environmental engineering Biology Forest resources
na
5
Once per year (senior level)
na
None
Puerto Rico, Mayaguez
Biology
Biology
None
1
Once per year (graduate level)
Holding steady
None
Purdue
Forestry and natural resources
Forestry and natural resources Botany and plant pathology Entomology Environmental engineering Biological science
4
1
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Increasing interest in water quality
One field station; nearby river; experimental watershed
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
University
Departments Offering
Degrees in Limnology-related Fields
Departments Housing
Faculty in Limnology-related Fields
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course
Level of Student Interest in Limnology
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs
Rutgers
Biology Ecology Environmental sciences
Biology Environmental sciences Natural resources
5 or fewer
4
Every other year (junior/senior level)
Increasing
None
South Dakota State
Wildlife and fisheries sciences Civil and environmental engineering Biology/
microbiology Agricultural engineering
Wildlife and fisheries sciences Biology/ microbiology Civil engineering Plant science
3–4
8
Once per year (junior/senior level)
Holding steady (some increase in wetland ecology)
One field station
South Florida
Biology Civil engineering
Biology Geology Civil engineering
1
5
Every third year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
None
Tennessee
Ecology Zoology Fisheries
Ecology Zoology Botany Forestry, wildlife, and fisheries Environmental engineering
3–7
8
Once per year (junior level)
Holding steady
None
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
Texas, Arlington
Biology Environmental science and engineering
Biology Civil and environmental engineering
4–9
4 (biology department)
Once per year or every other year (junior/senior/
graduate level)
Increasing
None
Texas, Austin
Zoology Biological sciences
Zoology Civil engineering
20
5 or fewer
Once per year (junior/senior level)
na
None
Texas A & M
Oceanography Wildlife and fisheries
Wildlife and fisheries Oceonography Rangeland ecology and management
30
5
Once per year (junior/senior level)
Holding steady
None
Texas Tech
Civil engineering Environmental engineering Environmental technology management Range and wildlife management Fisheries and wildlife management
Civil engineering Range and wildlife management Biological sciences
10
13
Once per year (graduate level)
Increasing
One field station
Utah State
Biology Fisheries and wildlife Aquatic ecology Watershed science Civil and environmental engineering
Biology Fisheries and wildlife Range science Forestry Civil and environmental engineering Soil science
13
11
Once per year (junior/senior level)
Increasing
One field laboratory
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
University
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course
Level of Student Interest in Limnology
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs
Vermont
Natural resources
Natural resources
5 or fewer
1
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
na
na
Virginia Military Institute
None
None
na
na
na
na
na
Virginia Tech
Biology Fisheries and wildlife
Biology Fisheries and wildlife Civil engineering
na
15
Once per year (senior/graduate level)
Increasing
None
Washington State
Natural resources science Environmental science Environmental engineering
Civil and environmental engineering Natural resources science Zoology-limnology
10–15
6
Every semester (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Increasing
Several lakes and reservoirs
Wisconsin, Madison
Oceanography and limnology graduate program Zoology Botany Geology Water chemistry program Environmental studies
Botany Geology and geophysics Civil and environmental engineering Zoology Environmental studies
5–10
22
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Increasing
One field station
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology
Wyoming
Zoology and physiology
Zoology and physiology
15
8
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level)
Increasing
One field lab; access to National Park Service research center
Yale
Biology Geology Forestry and environmental studies
Forestry and environmental studies Biology Geology Geophysics
None
0
None
Increasing
11,000 acres of forest land
NOTE: The notation ''na" indicates that this question was not answered on the survey.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
civil engineering
