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Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology (1996)

Chapter: Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
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Page 327
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 328
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 329
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 330
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 331
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 332
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 333
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 334
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 335
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 336
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 337
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 338
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 339
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 340
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 341
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 342
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey." National Research Council. 1996. Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5146.
×
Page 343

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LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A 327 SURVEY A Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey

LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A 328 SURVEY TABLE A-1 Survey of Limnology Programs at U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: Summary Survey Question Number of Schools Number of faculty members in 0 3 limnology and related disciplines 1 9 2 5 3 6 4 7 5–10 28 11–20 5 >20 3 Students obtaining degrees in 0 3 limnology-related fields each year 1–5 26 6–10 12 11–15 6 16–20 6 >20 6 Level of introductory limnology Freshman/sophomore 0 course Junior/senior/graduate 59 Graduate only 4 Student interest in limnology Increasing 38 Holding steady 17 Decreasing 2 Schools with access to research or 40 field stations Schools responding to survey 69 SOURCE: Written surveys sent to schools belonging to the Universities Council on Water Resources or housing a Water Resources Research Institute. See Table A-3 for detailed responses.

LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A 329 SURVEY TABLE A-2 Departments Housing Faculty Working in Limnology and Related Disciplines Department Number of Schools with Limnology-Related Faculty Housed in This Type of Department Agriculture/soil science 6 Biology 42 Botany 12 Chemistry 3 Civil/environmental engineering 32 Ecology 6 Entomology 9 Environmental science/studies 10 Fisheries 17 Forestry 10 Geography 3 Geology/geophysics/geoscience 18 Hydrology/hydrogeology 4 Landscape architecture 1 Life science 2 Marine science and limnology 1 Natural resources 9 Oceanography 3 Public health 2 Rangeland management 3 Urban and regional planning 1 Zoology 15 Zoology and limnology 1 SOURCE: Written surveys of schools belonging to the Universities Council on Water Resources or housing U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Research Institutes. See Table A-3 for detailed responses.

TABLE A-3 Limnology Programs at U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: Survey Responses University Departments Departments Students in Faculty in Frequency of Level of Availability of SURVEY Offering Degrees Housing Faculty Limnology- Limnology Introductory Student Limnological in Limnology- in Limnology- related Fields and Related Limnology Interest in Research related Fields related Fields Graduating Disciplines Course Limnology Stations or Labs Each Year Alabama Biological Biological 10 22 Once per Increasing One field station sciences Geology sciences Geology semester Geography Civil Geography Civil (junior/senior/ and and graduate level) environmental environmental engineering engineering Arizona State Zoology Civil Zoology Civil na 5 Once per year Increasing None engineering engineering (senior level) Arkansas Biological Biological 5–10 3 Once per year Holding None sciences Zoology sciences Zoology (senior/ steady Botany Botany graduate level) Environmental Environmental science Civil science Civil engineering engineering Alaska, Biology and Biology and na 3 Once per year Holding Two ecological Fairbanks wildlife Fisheries wildlife Marine (senior level) steady at high research stations Marine science science and level and limnology limnology Arizona Hydrology and Hydrology and 6–8 2 Once per year Increasing None water resources water resources (senior/ rapidly LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A Wildlife and Wildlife and graduate level) fisheries science fisheries science Entomology 330

Auburn Fisheries and allied Fisheries and allied 5 4 Once per year Increasing 250 small aquacultures Zoology aquacultures Zoology (senior/graduate impoundments used level) for fish cultures SURVEY California, Civil and Civil and 5 10 Once per Increasing Two field stations; Berkeley environmental environmental semester (junior/ rapidly other labs can be engineering Integrated engineering Integrated senior/ constructed on field biology Environmental biology Landscape graduate level) sites science, planning, and architecture management Entomology Geology Landscape architecture California, Davis Environmental studies Environmental studies 10 5 Once per year Increasing Two field research Ecology Land, air, and water (senior/graduate stations resources Ecology level) Hydrology California, Irvine Ecology and Biological sciences None 1 Every other year na None evolutionary biology (junior/senior level) California, Santa Biological sciences Biological sciences 34 5 Once per year Increasing Once field lab with Barbara Geology Geography (junior/senior many aquatic habitats level) Cincinnati Biological sciences Biological sciences 3–5 4 Every other year Increasing None Geology (junior/senior Environmental level) engineering LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A 331

University Departments Departments Students in Faculty in Frequency of Level of Availability of Offering Degrees Housing Faculty Limnology- Limnology Introductory Student Limnological in Limnology- in Limnology- related Fields and Related Limnology Interest in Research SURVEY related Fields related Fields Graduating Disciplines Course Limnology Stations or Labs Each Year Clemson Biological Biological 3 5 Once per year Holding Access to sciences sciences (senior level) steady Corps of Environmental Engineers systems research facility engineering Aquaculture Fisheries and wildlife Colorado Environmental, Environmental, 2 2 Once per year Increasing One field station population, and population, and (junior/senior/ organismic organismic graduate level) biology biology Civil, environmental, and architectural engineering Colorado State Biology Fishery Biology Fishery 3–4 3 Three courses Increasing None and wildlife and wildlife offered in biology biology alternate years (senior/ graduate level) Connecticut Ecology and Ecology and 8–10 3 Two courses, Increasing Marine science evolutionary evolutionary offered each field station LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A biology biology Civil year (junior/ engineering senior level) Natural resources management and engineering 332

Cornell Natural resources Ecology and 2–3 6 Every other Increasing One field station Ecology and systematics year (junior/ systematics senior/ SURVEY graduate level) Drexel Bioscience and Bioscience and 2–4 1 (plus 3 in Once per year Holding steady One field station biotechnology biotechnology related (senior/ Environmental fields) graduate level) studies institute Duke Botany Geology Botany Geology 2 5 Every other Increasing None Zoology School of Zoology School of year (senior/ the environment the environment graduate level) East Carolina Biology Biology 20 6 Once per year Holding steady One field station (senior/ in development graduate level) Georgia Forest resources Forest resources 10 10 Once per year Increasing Access to four Institute of ecology Institute of ecology (junior/senior/ field labs Botany Entomology Botany Entomology graduate level) Microbiology Microbiology Hawaii None Zoology None None Every other Increasing One rainforest lab year (senior/ graduate level) Idaho Fish and wildlife Fish and wildlife 5 4 Once per year Increasing Three field stations Life sciences Life sciences (senior level) rapidly Hydrogeology Hydrogeology Entomology Civil Entomology Civil engineering engineering Bacteriology/ Bacteriology/ LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A biochemistry biochemistry 333

University Departments Departments Students in Faculty in Frequency of Level of Availability of Offering Housing Faculty Limnology- Limnology Introductory Student Limnological Degrees in in Limnology- related Fields and Related Limnology Interest in Research SURVEY Limnology- related Fields Graduating Disciplines Course Limnology Stations or Labs related Fields Each Year Johns Geography and Geography and 5 6 New course na na Hopkins environmental environmental (graduate level) engineering engineering Earth and Earth and planetary planetary sciences sciences Kansas Biology Systematics and 2 8 Once per year Increasing One large field Systematics and ecology (junior/senior/ rapidly site with many ecology Entomology graduate level) aquatic systems Botany Kansas State Biology Biology 21 (20 of 2 Every other Holding steady One field station these are B.S. year (junior/ degrees in senior/ fisheries) graduate level) Kentucky Biological Biological 20 na Every two to na na sciences sciences three years Geological Forestry (senior level) sciences Geological Toxicology sciences Forestry Louisiana Biological and Biological and 100 6 None Increasing in Natural systems agricultural agricultural all fields engineering LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A engineering engineering related to the lab; several Civil and Civil and environment agricultural environmental environmental experimental engineering engineering stations Oceanography Oceanography 334 and coastal and coastal sciences sciences

Maine Plant biology Plant biology 0–3 5 Every other Increasing One field site Geological sciences Geological sciences year (junior/ Zoology Wildlife Zoology senior/ SURVEY Institute of graduate level) quaternary studies Maryland None None None None None na Two estuarine labs Massachusetts Biology Biology na 1 limnologist; 16 Every Decreasing None Environmental Environmental faculty in related semester (full- sciences Wildlife sciences Wildlife areas year course, and fisheries and fisheries junior/senior/ biology Entomology biology Entomology graduate level) Geology Plant and Geology Plant and soil science Civil soil science Civil engineering engineering Environmental Environmental engineering engineering Chemistry Public health Microbiology Michigan State Fisheries and Fisheries and 3–4 7 Once per year Holding steady Two field wildlife Zoology wildlife Zoology (junior/senior/ stations Botany Resource Botany Resource graduate level) development development LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A 335

TABLE A-3 Limnology Programs at U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: Survey Responses (Continued) University Departments Departments Students in Faculty in Frequency of Level of Availability of SURVEY Offering Housing Faculty Limnology- Limnology Introductory Student Limnological Degrees in in Limnology- related Fields and Related Limnology Interest in Research Limnology- related Fields Graduating Disciplines Course Limnology Stations or Labs related Fields Each Year Minnesota, Civil Agricultural 85 65 Three courses Holding One field Twin Cities engineering engineering offered twice steady station with Ecology, Ecology, per year many aquatic evolution and evolution and (junior/senior systems, one behavior behavior Civil level) with Fisheries and engineering experimental wildlife Geology and stream Geology and geophysics channels, and geophysics Entomology one with Geography Horticulture Soil, wetlands Horticulture water and climate Soil, water and Fisheries and climate Forest wildlife Biology resources Plant science Entomology Environmental Plant science and occupational Public health health Mississippi Wildlife and Wildlife and 6 3 Once per year Holding One research State fisheries fisheries (junior level) steady and extension Biological center LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A engineering Biological science Missouri Fisheries and Fisheries and 3-5 8 Once per year Increasing One field wildlife wildlife (senior/ laboratory Biological graduate level) sciences Civil 336 engineering

Michigan Biology Natural Biology Natural 15–20 graduate 6–10 Once per year Increasing One biological resources and resources and students (senior/ research environment environment graduate level) station and SURVEY many field research preserves M.I.T. Civil and Civil and 5 1–2 Every other na na environmental environmental year (graduate engineering engineering level) Montana Biological sciences Biological sciences 20 20 Once per year Increasing Three large Environmental Environmental (senior/ field stations studies Wildlife studies Wildlife graduate level) biology biology Geology Montana State Biology Biology 10 6 Once per year Holding steady Field lab in Environmental (junior/senior Antarctica engineering level) Microbiology Nebraska Forestry, fisheries, Forestry, fisheries, 20–23 1 Once per year Increasing One field and wildlife and wildlife (junior/senior/ station Biological sciences Biological sciences graduate level) Nevada, Las Biological sciences Biological sciences 5–10 5 Once per year Holding steady None Vegas Geological sciences/ (junior/senior hydrology level) New Hampshire Biology Natural Biology Natural na 3 Once per year na na resources resources Botany (senior level) New Mexico Geoscience Geoscience 15 (hydrology) 1 None na None Institute of Biology Chemistry LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A Mining and Technology 337

University Departments Departments Students in Faculty in Frequency of Level of Availability of Offering Degrees Housing Faculty Limnology- Limnology Introductory Student Limnological in Limnology- in Limnology- related Fields and Related Limnology Interest in Research SURVEY related Fields related Fields Graduating Disciplines Course Limnology Stations or Labs Each Year New Mexico Interdisciplinary Fishery and 10 1 Once per year Holding None State wildlife sciences (senior/ steady Civil engineering graduate level) New York, Environmental Forestry 2–3 1 Once per year Increasing Many field Syracuse and forest biology Chemistry (senior/ stations and graduate level) research sites North Environmental Environmental 4–6 5 Once per year Decreasing None Carolina, science and science and (senior/ Chapel Hill engineering engineering graduate level) Biological sciences Biological sciences Marine science Geology Urban and regional planning North Zoology Botany Zoology Botany 15 6 Once per year Increasing Two reservoirs, Carolina Forestry Fisheries Forestry Civil (senior level) one farm pond State and wildlife Crop engineering science Biological and Biomathematics agricultural Ecology Eivil engineering engineering Biological and LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A agricultural engineering 338

North Dakota Zoology Zoology 13 2 Every other Increasing Access to Northern State year (junior/ Prairie Science senior/ graduate Center SURVEY level) Northern Illinois Not taught at this na na na na na na institution Ohio State Zoology Natural Zoology Natural 20 4 Twice per year Increasing Field labs on Lake resources resources Geology (junior/senior/ Erie, reservoirs, Entomology Civil graduate level) wetlands engineering Oklahoma State Zoology Zoology Botany 3 2–3 Every other Holding steady None Civil and year (junior/ environmental senior/ graduate engineering level) Penn State Environmental Civil/ na 5 Once per year na None resource management environmental (senior level) engineering Biology Forest resources Puerto Rico, Biology Biology None 1 Once per year Holding steady None Mayaguez (graduate level) Purdue Forestry and natural Forestry and natural 4 1 Once per year Increasing One field station; resources resources Botany and (junior/senior/ interest in water nearby river; plant pathology graduate level) quality experimental Entomology watershed Environmental engineering Biological science LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A 339

University Departments Departments Students in Faculty in Frequency of Level of Availability of Offering Housing Limnology- Limnology Introductory Student Limnological Degrees in Faculty in related Fields and Related Limnology Interest in Research SURVEY Limnology- Limnology- Graduating Disciplines Course Limnology Stations or Labs related Fields related Fields Each Year Rutgers Biology Ecology Biology 5 or fewer 4 Every other Increasing None Environmental Environmental year (junior/ sciences sciences Natural senior level) resources South Wildlife and Wildlife and 3–4 8 Once per year Holding One field station Dakota State fisheries sciences fisheries sciences (junior/senior steady (some Civil and Biology/ level) increase in environmental microbiology wetland engineering Civil engineering ecology) Biology/ Plant science microbiology Agricultural engineering South Florida Biology Civil Biology Geology 1 5 Every third Increasing None engineering Civil engineering year (senior/ graduate level) Tennessee Ecology Zoology Ecology Zoology 3–7 8 Once per year Holding None Fisheries Botany Forestry, (junior level) steady wildlife, and fisheries Environmental engineering LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A 340

Texas, Biology Biology Civil and 4–9 4 (biology Once per year Increasing None Arlington Environmental environmental department) or every other science and engineering year (junior/ SURVEY engineering senior/ graduate level) Texas, Austin Zoology Biological Zoology Civil 20 5 or fewer Once per year na None sciences engineering (junior/senior level) Texas A & M Oceanography Wildlife and 30 5 Once per year Holding steady None Wildlife and fisheries (junior/senior fisheries Oceonography level) Rangeland ecology and management Texas Tech Civil engineering Civil engineering 10 13 Once per year Increasing One field station Environmental Range and wildlife (graduate level) engineering management Environmental Biological sciences technology management Range and wildlife management Fisheries and wildlife management Utah State Biology Fisheries Biology Fisheries 13 11 Once per year Increasing One field and wildlife and wildlife Range (junior/senior laboratory Aquatic ecology science Forestry level) Watershed science Civil and LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A Civil and environmental environmental engineering Soil engineering science 341

University Departments Departments Students in Faculty in Frequency of Level of Availability of Offering Degrees Housing Faculty Limnology- Limnology Introductory Student Limnological in Limnology- in Limnology- related Fields and Related Limnology Interest in Research SURVEY related Fields related Fields Graduating Disciplines Course Limnology Stations or Labs Each Year Vermont Natural resources Natural resources 5 or fewer 1 Once per year na na (junior/senior/ graduate level) Virginia None None na na na na na Military Institute Virginia Tech Biology Biology na 15 Once per year Increasing None Fisheries and Fisheries and (senior/ wildlife wildlife Civil graduate level) engineering Washington Natural Civil and 10–15 6 Every Increasing Several lakes State resources science environmental semester and reservoirs Environmental engineering (junior/senior/ science Natural graduate level) Environmental resources science engineering Zoology- limnology Wisconsin, Oceanography Botany Geology 5–10 22 Once per year Increasing One field station Madison and limnology and geophysics (junior/senior/ graduate Civil and graduate level) program environmental Zoology Botany engineering LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A Geology Water Zoology chemistry Environmental program studies Environmental studies 342

Wyoming Zoology and physiology Zoology and physiology 15 8 Once per year (junior/ Increasing One field lab; access senior/ graduate level) to National Park Service research SURVEY center Yale Biology Geology Forestry Forestry and None 0 None Increasing 11,000 acres of and environmental studies environmental studies forest land Biology Geology Geophysics NOTE: The notation ''na" indicates that this question was not answered on the survey. LIMNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN U.S. INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A 343

Next: Appendix B: Where Are the Limnologists? Surveys of Professional Societies and Journals »
Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology Get This Book
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To fulfill its commitment to clean water, the United States depends on limnology, a multidisciplinary science that seeks to understand the behavior of freshwater bodies by integrating aspects of all basic sciences—from chemistry and fluid mechanics to botany, ichthyology, and microbiology. Now, prominent limnologists are concerned about this important field, citing the lack of adequate educational programs and other issues.

Freshwater Ecosystems responds with recommendations for strengthening the field and ensuring the readiness of the next generation of practitioners. Highlighted with case studies, this book explores limnology's place in the university structure and the need for curriculum reform, with concrete suggestions for curricula and field research at the undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral levels. The volume examines the wide-ranging career opportunities for limnologists and recommends strategies for integrating limnology more fully into water resource decision management.

Freshwater Ecosystems tells the story of limnology and its most prominent practitioners and examines the current strengths and weaknesses of the field. The committee discusses how limnology can contribute to appropriate policies for industrial waste, wetlands destruction, the release of greenhouse gases, extensive damming of rivers, the zebra mussel and other "invasions" of species—the broad spectrum of problems that threaten the nation's freshwater supply. Freshwater Ecosystems provides the foundation for improving a field whose importance will continue to increase as human populations grow and place even greater demands on freshwater resources. This volume will be of value to administrators of university and government science programs, faculty and students in aquatic science, aquatic resource managers, and clean-water advocates—and it is readily accessible to the concerned individual.

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