National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: APPENDIX B: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

Index

A

Abortion, 191, 217

Abstinence, sexual, 59, 62, 117, 119, 120, 135, 151, 188

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. See AIDS

Adolescents.

See also Girls

AIDS stigmatization, 140

coercive sex, 8, 154

condom use, 147, 150

definition of, 182

interventions, 169-173, 198-203

peer information and pressures, 183

premarital pregnancy, 116

sexual behavior, 187

Africa Region Private Enterprise Development project, 238, 239

African Medical Research Foundation, 325

Age

and condom use, 126, 142

asymmetric matching of sexual partners, 61, 62, 77, 113, 116

and risk of HIV infection, 5, 126

and seroprevalence, 75, 76, 77, 79-80, 81

and sexual behavior, 126

Agriculture, impact of AIDS/HIV, 213, 233-234

AIDS

care for people with, 15, 185-186, 209-211, 318

database, 18

and discrimination, 187-188, 209

morbidity and mortality, 14, 69, 76, 216-218

number of cases, 1, 46, 70

origin, 70

AIDS awareness

asymptomatic transmission, 138

attitudes toward sufferers, 52, 140-141, 187-188

and behavior change, 9, 126, 137, 156, 228

modes of transmission, 136-137

perceptions of risk, 126, 138-140, 151, 212

and testing, 141

AIDS control programs, 49, 264

AIDS International Training Research Program, 260

Alcohol use, and risk of HIV infection, 94, 131

Anal sex, 8, 84, 92, 134

Awareness. See AIDS awareness

AZT, 14, 103, 192, 197

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

B

Bacterial vaginosis, 90, 101, 196

Behavior change

AIDS awareness and, 9, 126, 137, 156, 228

assessment of, 148-151

information/education campaigns and, 9, 156, 324-325

interventions, 9, 165

requirements, 158-159

vaccination and, 94

Botswana

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 46-47, 48, 73, 75

prevention efforts, 177-178, 179-180

sexual behavior, 62, 63, 113

Blood screening, 45, 97, 98

Blood transfusions, 82, 83, 97-98

Breastfeeding, 94-96, 135, 191

Burkina Faso

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 48, 78-79, 82-83

prevention efforts, 171

STDs, 90-91

Burundi

AIDS awareness, 137, 138

condom use, 142-144, 146

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 83, 121

impact of AIDS, 206, 207, 208-209, 233

prevention of AIDS, 142-144

sexual behavior, 114, 117, 121, 122-123, 126

C

Cameroon

AIDSCAP project, 330-332

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 328

panel visit to, 328-332, 338-339

prevention efforts, 171, 245, 328-332

research capacity, 255, 257

sexual behavior, 63, 114, 129, 134, 135, 150

social and behavioral research, 332

STDs, 89, 129

Cameroon Psychology Forum, 332

Cape Verde, 78

CARE, 329

Casual sex, 110, 119-122, 127-128, 129, 151, 228-229

Central African Republic

AIDS awareness, 137

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 73

sexual behavior, 114, 116, 117, 126, 143-144, 149

STDs, 89

Cervical ectopy, 91, 92, 184

Cervical inflammation, 87

Chancroid, 84, 85, 88, 130

Childbearing.

See also Pregnancy and pregnant women

premarital, 62

social contexts for, 61, 120, 183

Children

blood transfusions, 97

coercive sex with, 132

definition of, 182

educational impact of AIDS, 235

mitigation strategies for, 320-321

mortality rates, 96-97, 216, 218, 219, 220, 223

neonatal effects of STDs, 90

orphans, 14, 50, 97, 183, 186, 205, 214, 216, 223, 318, 320-321, 322

seroprevalence, 71, 94

Vitamin A therapy, 192-193

Chlamydia, 12, 67, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 100, 195

Circumcision, female, 130

Circumcision, male, 69, 92, 130-131

Civil unrest and wars, 66, 79, 132

Coercive sex, 8, 65, 132, 152, 154

Commercial sex, incidence of, 122-123

Commercial sex industry/workers

condom use, 142, 145, 166

definitions, 63, 110, 122

economic factors in, 68, 124-125, 131

HIV seroprevalence, 65, 71-72, 74, 75, 79-81, 168, 180, 187

HIV-2 in, 78, 80, 82

interventions targeting, 63, 165, 166, 173, 178-179, 198-201, 331

migration and, 64, 65

and risk of infection, 93, 125-126, 136, 139

sexual contacts, 62-63

sexual practices, 134

STDs, 83, 85, 86-87, 129, 145, 179

surveys of, 112

women's status and, 61, 130

Community-based interventions. See Interventions

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

Condoms

access to, 66, 142, 145, 148

age of users, 126, 142

AIDS awareness and, 136

attitudes toward, 6, 8, 63, 64, 120, 141-142, 145-148, 167, 180

breastfeeding and, 135

female, 13, 174, 196

promotion of, 45, 155, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 185, 324, 331-332

research recommendations, 8, 154

and sexual behavior, 141-148

and STD/HIV prevention, 92, 145, 178

use, 2, 63-64, 99, 112, 126, 136, 139, 142-145, 150, 152, 166, 167-168, 175, 178, 180, 190, 223

Congo, 89, 94, 96

Contraceptives, 13, 63, 91, 135, 167, 196, 223.

See also Condoms

Côte d'Ivoire

AIDS awareness, 137, 139

condom use, 143-144, 147, 148

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 47, 48, 71, 73, 75, 78-79, 81, 82-83, 121

impact of AIDS, 206, 216-217, 233

prevention efforts, 171, 245

sexual behavior, 114, 116, 117, 121, 122, 127, 149

sex ratios, 65

D

Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), 101, 110

Demography

of HIV infection, 76-77

societal impacts of AIDS, 216-225

Drug abuse (injected), 98

Dry sex, 8, 92, 133-134

E

Economic factors

agricultural sector, 213, 233-234

business sector, 235-240

childbearing, 120

education sector, 234-235

family hardships, 211-214

family planning, 225-228

individual hardship due to HIV, 49-59, 209

and interventions, 156

health sector, 67, 205, 213-214, 231-233

per capita income effects, 50, 225-231

research constraints, 265-266

sectoral impacts of HIV/AIDS, 67-68, 231-235

in sexual behavior, 120, 124-125

structural adjustment programs, 68

Education (schooling).

See also Information/education on HIV/AIDS

access to, 184-185

and AIDS awareness, 137

and condom use, 142

higher-education systems, 257-258, 264-265

impact of AIDS/HIV, 234-235, 257-258

and risk of HIV infection, 127, 228-230

and sexual behavior, 116, 127

Epidemic

extent of, 2, 46-47

societal contexts of, 3-4

spread of, 14, 47, 48, 64-66, 75, 93, 218;

see also Transmission of HIV

status of, 70-83, 204

Epidemiology

behavioral data limitations, 98-100

biological factors, 69

demography of HIV infection, 4-5, 20, 76-77, 100, 216-225

geographic patterns, 1-2, 46-47, 65, 69, 79-80

social/behavioral research and, 100-101

statistics on AIDS/HIV, 70-76

Ethical issues, in STD/HIV research, 101-103

Ethiopia, 171, 187-188

Evaluation of AIDS programs, 162-163

Extramarital sex, 106, 119-122

F

Families

impact of AIDS on, 186, 211-216

organization, 58-61, 107, 110

Family AIDS Education and Prevention Through Imams Project, 186

Family planning, 9, 13, 63, 142, 156, 167, 190, 220-221, 223, 225-228, 229

Fertility/infertility, 63, 89, 90, 113, 130, 183, 191

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

G

Gabon, 89

The Gambia

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83

sexual behavior, 109, 112, 142, 145

Gardnerella vaginalis, 90

Gender equality, 11, 167, 174-175, 194.

See also Women's status

Genital ulcer disease, 66, 81, 85, 86-87, 90, 91, 92, 178

Ghana

AIDS stigmatization, 140, 208

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 48, 82-83

impact of AIDS, 236, 237, 238

prevention efforts, 166, 172-173, 198-199

sexual behavior, 63, 108, 114, 116, 121, 128, 129, 132, 133, 135

Girls

coercive sex with, 133, 152, 184

HIV incidence, 10

interventions, 184-185

risk of HIV infection, 91, 184

sexual behavior, 133

sugar daddies, 57-58, 112, 122, 184

Gonorrhea, 12, 67, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 100, 130, 178, 195

Guinea-Bissau

AIDS awareness, 136, 137, 138, 141

condom use, 143-144, 145, 149-150

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 78, 79, 81, 82

prevention efforts, 198-199

sexual behavior, 108, 112, 114, 122, 126, 136

H

Health care

access to, 12, 66

AIDS treatment, 15, 209-211, 213-214, 231, 232, 318

costs, 213-214, 231, 232

economic issues, 204-205, 231-233, 266-267

HIV serological counseling, 66

insurance, 242

rationing, 232

STD treatment, 12, 66

Hemophilus ducreyi, 85

Herpes, 84

High-risk groups. See Risk of HIV infections, core populations

Home-based care. See Health care, AIDS treatment

Homosexuality, 84, 93, 134, 254

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

See also Seroprevalence

Asia, 93

counseling, 13-14, 66, 102-103, 164, 165 n.4, 191, 197, 319, 331

cross-reactive immunity, 82

demographics of, 5, 76-77, 127

high-risk populations, 65, 71-72, 79

HIV-2 versus HIV-1, 52, 75, 77-83

incidence, 5, 80, 104

infectiousness, 82, 83-84, 91, 92, 145

isolation from genital ulcers, 86-87

latency period, 80, 212-213, 221, 224-225

and stigmatization, 208-209

susceptibility to, 4, 69

types and subtypes, 77-78

I

Impacts of AIDS/HIV.

See also Mitigation of HIV/AIDS impacts

demographic, 14, 216-225

economic, 14, 49-50, 205, 209, 225-240

evaluation of, 15

family and friends of AIDS sufferers, 50, 186, 211-216

individuals infected, 207-211

projected, 50, 218-223

Information/education on HIV/AIDS

and behavior change, 9, 45, 156

effectiveness, 3, 48, 51, 57, 164, 170, 172, 254

messages, 10, 155, 157, 171, 172, 193, 254

peer programs, 165, 179-180, 319, 330-331

in schools, 183-184, 187-190

targeting, 104

workplace programs, 319, 325

Institution-based interventions. See Interventions

Interagency Working Group on AIDS, 218

Interventions

adolescents (youth), 182-190, 198-203

behavioral, 2, 62, 160-161, 185

capacity-building for, 161

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

case studies, 169-173, 178-182, 187-190

characteristics of reported programs, 198-203, 331-332

commercial sex industry, 63, 165, 166, 173, 178-179, 198-203

community-based programs, 13, 88, 163, 165-166, 198-201

contextual, 9, 53, 57-58, 150, 152, 156-157

effectiveness, 9-10, 54, 155-156, 164, 166, 172, 188-189, 221

empowerment of women, 176-178, 184-185, 194

evaluation of, 9, 10, 48, 54, 101-102, 162-163, 173, 188-189, 193-194, 242, 243

gender equality promoted in, 11, 151, 176

guiding principles, 160-161

institution-based programs, 13, 163, 164-165, 198-203

national programs, 18

need for, 2-3

population-based programs, 163, 166, 198-201

sexually active men, 166-173

sexually active women, 173-182

targeting, 76-77, 104, 160, 161, 168, 176, 185

typology of programs, 163-166, 169

K

Kenya

AIDS awareness, 137

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 2, 47, 72, 73, 86-87, 88, 92, 94, 97, 103

impact of AIDS, 215, 232, 233, 236, 237, 238, 245

response to AIDS, 264

sexual behavior, 62, 108, 113, 114, 117, 125, 127, 134, 135, 143-144

STDs, 85, 86-87, 88, 89, 90-91

L

Lesotho

AIDS awareness, 137, 138

condom use, 143-144, 146

sexual behavior, 114, 117, 126, 127, 128, 149

Liberia, sexual behavior, 115

Life expectancies, 2, 14, 15, 47, 205, 218, 220, 223, 243

Lower-risk groups. See Risk of HIV infection, core populations

M

Malawi

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 46-47, 65, 73, 96

impact of AIDS, 220, 229, 232, 233

prevention efforts, 192, 198-199

sexual behavior, 63, 133-134

Mali

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 47, 82-83

sexual behavior, 115

Marital status

and commercial sex, 124-125

and risk of HIV infection, 73, 81, 82-83, 127, 139

Marriage

abstinence within, 117, 119

age differences in, 62

changes in social contexts, 61, 128

Levirate, 135-136

and sexual behavior, 58-59, 61-62, 108, 110, 112-113, 116-119, 121-122, 151, 181

virginity at, 107, 113, 116

Medical and program factors, 66-67

Menses, sex during, 92, 134, 135

Migration/migrants

and behavioral change, 62

civil unrest and, 66

interventions targeting, 12, 195, 202-203

and risk of HIV infection, 128-129

and sexual behavior, 117, 128-129, 134

spread of HIV, 75, 82-83

rural-urban, 64-65, 66, 68, 76

young males, 64, 76

Military, interventions targeting, 164, 200-201

Mitigation of HIV/AIDS impacts

cost-effectiveness of, 206, 242-243

counseling initiatives, 247-249, 319, 331-332

evaluation of interventions, 242, 243

health care, 210-211

orphan programs, 186, 320-321

providers, 16, 241-242, 244, 245-246

resource allocation to, 205-206

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

targeting of assistance, 15-16, 241, 243-244

types of help, 186, 326-327, 242-243, 247

research recommendations, 14-16, 54-55, 243-244

Models/moderling, transmission of HIV and STDs, 91-94, 100, 171, 218

Monitoring HIV/AIDS

behavioral/demographic variables in, 104

HIV incidence studies, 104

surveillance systems, 5, 103-104

Mortality

AIDS, 14, 47, 204, 216-218, 223-225

infant/child, 96-97, 204, 216, 218, 219, 220

STD, 89

Mozambique, 66, 134

Mycobacteria hominis, 90

N

Namibia, 48

Neisseria gonorrhoaea, 85, 89

Niger, 47, 115

Nigeria

AIDS awareness, 136

condom use, 142, 145, 147

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 48, 75

prevention efforts, 166, 198-199

sexual behavior, 62-63, 108, 109, 113, 115, 116, 120, 122, 123, 128 , 130, 132, 133, 134, 136

STDs, 130

Nongovernmental organizations.

See also individual organizations

intervention activities, 325-326

mitigation activities of, 245-250

social and behavioral research, 332

O

Oral sex, 8, 134

Orphans. See Children

P

Parenteral transmission of HIV, 82, 83, 97-98

Pelvic inflammatory disease, 88, 89

Perinatal transmission of HIV, 13-14, 71, 78, 83, 90, 94-97, 103, 190-193, 197, 205, 216, 218

Polygyny, 59-60, 62, 113, 116, 117, 122, 128, 167, 168

Population growth, 14, 221-223, 225-228, 229, 230

Population Services International, 168, 324

Population-based interventions. See Interventions

Pregnancy and pregnant women

adolescent premarital, 116

cesarean section, 191

and HIV counseling programs, 13-14, 191, 197

HIV infection, 72-75, 81, 91, 174

immunosuppression of, 91

and STDs, 67, 85, 89-90, 91

vaginal lavage, 191-192

Premarital sex, 62, 63, 107, 112-116

Prevention of HIV/AIDS.

See also Blood screening;

Condoms;

Information/education on HIV/AIDS;

Interventions;

Sexual transmission of HIV

cost-effectiveness, 2, 13, 47, 196

donor fatigue, 3

economic conditions and, 156

initiatives, 45, 323-326

perinatal transmission, 14, 190-193

sexual transmission, 160-190

traditional healer component, 320

women's status and, 10

Private sector

impact of AIDS/HIV on, 235-240

prevention efforts, 171

Prostitutes and prostitution. See Commercial sex industry/workers

R

Rape. See Coercive sex

Recommendations. See Research recommendations

Research in Africa.

See also Social and behavioral research

assessment of needs, 262-263

capacity-building, 16-19, 55, 251-270

community-based, 101-102

constraints on, 253-267

coordination, 18, 16, 19, 260-263, 270

databases, 254, 261, 269, 327

donor policies and practices, 16-17, 18, 19, 258-260, 263, 270

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

economic conditions and, 265, 266-267

education systems and, 264-265

ethical issues in, 101-103

funding, 17, 19, 253-257, 262-263, 268

gender-specific, 175

infrastructure, 16, 265

international linkages, 17-18, 268

local resource use, 18-19, 269-270

manpower, 18, 255, 257-258, 268-269

political climate and, 19, 263-264, 270

prioritizing, 269

recommendations, 17-19, 267-270

social and behavioral, 19-20, 263-267, 321-322

validation of, 7

Research recommendations

condoms, 8, 154, 196

cost-effectiveness studies, 13, 196

evaluation of interventions, 10-11, 193-194

HIV incidence studies, 5, 12, 104

impacts of HIV/AIDS, 15

interventions targeting migrants and disenfranchised, 12, 195

interventions targeting women and adolescents, 10, 193

female-controlled barrier contraceptives, 13, 196

gender equality interventions, 194

mitigation of HIV/AIDS impact, 15-16, 243-244

multidisciplinary approach, 5-6

operations research, 13, 196

pregnancy-related HIV counseling programs, 13-14, 197

research capacity-building in Africa, 17-19, 267-270

sexual behavior information collection, 7-8, 153-154

sexual networks, 152-153

STDs, 8, 12, 154, 195-196

surveillance systems for monitoring STDs/HIV, 5, 103-104

vaccination, 8, 154

vaginal microbiocide, 11, 194-195

Risk of HIV infection

age and, 126

core populations, 65, 71-72, 93

economic conditions and, 68

education and, 127

models/modeling, 91-94

perceived, 126, 138-140

perinatal, 83, 94

residence, and, 71, 127-128

sex-related, 83-84, 125-131

structural adjustment programs and, 68

by type of STD, 86-88, 92

Roads, major, as corridors for HIV, 65-66, 75

Rwanda

AIDS awareness, 138, 139-140

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 50, 71, 83, 92, 94, 138, 223

impact of AIDS, 207, 233, 234

mitigation initiatives, 210

prevention efforts, 164, 165, 198-201

sexual behavior, 108, 115, 121-122, 125

S

Sahel region, 135

Scarification, cosmetic, 98

Senegal

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 78, 80, 81, 82

sexual behavior, 112

Seroprevalence

age and, 75, 76, 79-80, 81

blood donors, 97

commercial sex workers, 65, 71-72, 74, 75, 79-81, 168, 187

heterogeneity in, 4-5, 71, 75-76

and mortality rates, 223-225

pregnant women, 72-75, 81, 174

surveillance systems, 71, 103-104

trends, 14, 70-71

urban-rural differentials, 71, 73, 79, 223

young males, 2, 45

WHO estimates, 1, 69, 70-71

Sex education, 190

Sex ratios, 64-65, 128

Sexual behavior in sub-Saharan Africa.

See also individual behaviors

AIDS awareness and, 136-141

assumptions about, 59

beliefs and practices, 7-8, 99, 131-136, 151-152, 153, 183

change in, 148-151

coital frequency, 92, 111, 112, 118

condoms and, 141-148

data collection methods, 7, 106-112

implications of, 151-152

information on, 98-100, 106, 153-154

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

initiation of sexual activity, 7, 111, 112-116, 128, 153

number of partners, 125-126

patterns of sexual activity, 62, 112-125, 153-154

perceived risk and, 126

reporting, 152

research needs, 7-8, 54, 153-154

risk factors in, 125-131

urban-rural differences, 127-128, 221

vaccination and, 154

women's status and, 174-175

Sexual networks.

See also Marriage;

Polygyny

abstinence and, 135

elements of, 60, 61

and HIV transmission, 6, 61-62, 93

mapping, 150

research needs, 98-99, 152-153

Sexual transmission of HIV

age factors, 61, 77

female-to male, 77, 84

male-to-female, 77, 83-84

models of, 91-94, 171

prevention strategies, 160-190

risk factors in, 4, 76-77, 83-84, 125-131, 158-159

sexual networks and, 61-62

STDs and, 2, 4, 12, 54, 69, 81, 82, 83, 84-94, 129-130, 132, 195

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

See also individual diseases and organisms

attitudes and beliefs about, 8, 67, 130, 133, 154

control measures, 67, 142, 325

deliberate transmission of, 150

diagnosis and treatment, 12, 45, 66, 67, 87, 100-101, 129, 130, 145 , 164, 165, 169, 171, 172, 175, 181, 195-196

ethical issues in research, 103

health consequences, 51, 88-91, 130

and HIV transmission, 1, 2, 4, 54, 72, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84-94, 129-130, 132, 195

interventions, 12, 102

models of transmission, 91-94

monitoring, 103-104

prevalence and incidence in Africa, 64, 84-86, 179

reporting of, 67

research recommendations, 12

rural-urban migration and, 64, 65

socioeconomic implications, 90

synergy of HIV and, 85-88, 195

Sierra Leone, 214-215

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), 78

Social and behavioral research

education system and, 264-265

environment for, 263-267

epidemiological research combined with, 100-101, 104

initiatives in Africa, 321-322, 327-328, 332

limitations of existing data, 98-100

need for, 19-20, 50-51, 98-100

South Africa

HIV prevalence, 65

impact of AIDS, 213-214

mitigation of AIDS, 210-211

sexual behavior, 65, 109, 116, 133, 134

Stigmatization, 8, 64, 67, 84, 140-141, 208-209

Sudan, 130, 134, 266

Surveys.

See also individual surveys

age cut-offs, 110-111

behavioral, 7, 106-107, 110, 149

bias, 110, 112

fertility, 89, 110

methodology, 106-111, 149

validation of, 110, 111-112, 153

Swaziland, 128

Syphilis, 84, 85, 89, 90, 125, 130

T

Tanzania

AIDS awareness, 137, 138-139, 140, 208

AIDS Control Program, 324-326

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 47, 48, 65, 71, 73, 83, 88, 92, 103, 168, 183, 323

impact of AIDS, 207, 213, 214, 215, 229, 232, 233, 234, 235

mitigation initiatives, 210, 245

panel visit to, 323-328, 338

prevention efforts, 88, 142, 164-165, 172-173, 200-201, 323-326

research capacity, 254-257, 261-262, 327-328

sexual behavior, 111, 115, 117, 122-123, 126, 127, 128, 129, 142, 143-144

STDs, 2, 45, 88

Tattooing, 98

Testing for HIV

attitudes about, 99, 141

and counseling, 102-103

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

infants, 95

methods, 100, 104

Togo

AIDS awareness, 136, 137

condom use, 143-144, 146, 147

sexual behavior, 115, 117, 126

Traditional medicine and healers, 98, 130, 165, 320

Transmission of HIV.

See also Parenteral transmission of HIV;

Perinatal transmission of HIV;

Sexual transmission of HIV

asymptomatic, 138

awareness about, 136-138, 156

deliberate, 150

primary mode, 4

Traumatic sex, 92.

See also Coercive sex;

Dry sex

Trichomonas vaginalis, 85, 90, 195-196

Trichomoniasis, 12, 84, 85, 87, 101, 178

Truck drivers, 65, 164-165, 200-201, 325

U

Uganda

AIDS awareness, 140, 141, 150

condom use, 148

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 2, 45, 46-47, 48, 50, 65-66, 71, 73, 76, 77 , 85, 93, 94, 96, 103, 168, 183, 216, 221 n.4

impact of AIDS, 206, 207, 213, 215, 217, 225, 233, 234

mitigation initiatives, 210, 211

prevention efforts, 165, 166, 186, 190, 200-201, 223

research capacity, 254, 257, 258, 261, 266

sexual behavior, 62, 93, 108, 109, 120, 127, 131, 133, 134, 136, 150

STDs, 85, 89

United Nations Children's Fund, 49, 318, 322, 329

United Nations Development Program, 49

United Nations Programme on AIDS, 3, 19, 270

Urbanization, 64, 128

Ureaplasma urealyticum, 90

U.S. Agency for International Development, 318, 324, 325, 328, 329

V

Vaccination, HIV, 2, 8, 45-46, 51, 94, 139, 154, 267

Vaginal microbiocide, 11, 174, 194-195

Vas deferens occlusion, 89

Virginity, 107, 113, 116, 126

Vitamin A therapy, 192-193, 197

W

West Africa.

See also individual countries

AIDS awareness, 136

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 75

impact of AIDS, 207

sexual behavior, 116

women, 60-61

Women's status

adolescent girls, 184

autonomy, 10, 60-61, 136

economic conditions and, 68

and HIV prevention, 10, 151, 173, 194

labor force participation, 60-61

marital status and, 61

and sexual behavior, 174-175, 184

widow inheritance, 136

World Bank, 49, 68, 207, 235, 318, 323

World Fertility Surveys, 89, 110

World Health Organization

Global Programme on AIDS, 3, 49, 106, 187

seroprevalence estimates, 1

Y

Young males

interventions, 169-173

migrants, 64, 76, 128

seroprevalence, 2, 45

Z

Zaire

AIDS awareness, 138, 140, 141

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 47, 48, 50, 68, 73, 75, 87, 94, 96, 180

impact of AIDS, 207, 213, 214, 215, 216-217, 232

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×

prevention efforts, 166, 169-173, 178-179, 200-201, 264

sexual behavior, 68, 108, 133

STDs, 87, 89, 179

Zambia

AIDS awareness, 137, 138-139, 141

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 2, 46-47, 48, 83, 94, 168, 223, 316-317

impact of AIDS, 215, 232, 234, 236

mitigation initiatives, 210, 211, 245, 319-321

panel visit to, 316-322, 337-338

prevention efforts, 142, 171, 183-184, 200-201, 317-319

research capacity, 262, 321-322

sexual behavior, 63, 115, 117, 126, 132, 133, 134, 142, 143-144, 151

STDs, 89-90

Zimbabwe

AIDS awareness, 138

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, 2, 47, 48, 88, 96, 184

impact of AIDS, 214, 220, 221, 232, 236, 237, 238, 245

prevention efforts, 164-165, 166, 172-173, 202-203

research capacity, 261

sexual behavior, 62, 109, 112, 115, 123, 132, 133

STDs, 88

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 347
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 348
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 349
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 350
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 351
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 352
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 353
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 354
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 355
Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Research Council. 1996. Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5177.
×
Page 356
Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $95.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!