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CHAMP B. TANNER
November Id, I920-September 22, 1990
BY WILFORD R. GARDNER
CHAMP BEAN TANNER the scientist cannot be separatec! from
Champ Tanner the incliviclual. There was a transcen-
clent integrity to his personality that permeated everything
he clicI. He conic! be blunt, canclicI, en c! forthright, but he
was never lacking in compassion en c! concern for students,
colleagues, friends, en c! family. To know Champ was to know
his inimitable wife, Kay, en c! to become acloptec! into their
far-flung extended family as a full-fledged member.
Champ was born in Idaho Falls, Idaho, on November 16,
1920, of Mormon pioneer stock. His life exemplifiec! the
goal-oriented determination, regardless of physical or fi-
nancial impediment, that was characteristic of his forbear-
ers. His father, a construction engineer, cliec! as a result of
saving a coworker from cirowning in an accident early in
Champs life, leaving his wiclowoc! mother to orovicle for
Champ en c! his two younger brothers. His mother prover!
. .
to be a remarkable woman, en c! there was little cloubt that
both nature ant! nurture were strong determinants in
Champ's life course. She eventually obtainer! a position as
professor of English at Brigham Young University when
women professors at any institution were rare en c! when
their work was never so highly valued as that of male col-
leagues. She became a legenciary en c! belovec! mentor and,
377
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B I O G RA P H I C A L
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much too late, was honoree! as one of the most outstanding
teachers ever to serve on that faculty. Her high stanciarcis
en c! appreciation for the English language were not lost on
Champ, whose impatience with verbosity in convoluter! writing
macle thesis writing a fearec! task among his students.
Champ was one of a large en c! talentec! group of young
men who were iclentifiec! early in their student careers by
Tommy Martin, a seconc! belovec! en c! legenciary figure at
Brigham Young University. Tommy not only encouraged his
students to go on to graduate school, preferably in soil
science, but also manager! to fins! graduate assistantships
for most of them at outstanding eastern universities. Champ
proved to be one of the best of this distinguished group.
Professor Martin was very concernec! that the military ciraft
wouIc! require that Champ enter the service en c! thus inter-
rupt Champ's education at a critical point. Following a fa-
therly interview, he suggestec! that Champ en c! his sweet-
heart, Catherine Cox (she is never caller! Catherine, always
Katie or Kay), get marries! immecliately. He suggestec! they
conic! clo so secretly en c! continue to live in separate clomi-
ciles until an appropriate time came to reveal the marriage
to their parents. Champ's marital status wouIcI, Martin hoped,
help to keep him out of the clutches of the military. As
tempting as this suggestion was, it was not immecliately ac-
ceptecI. Champ en c! Katie were marries! in the fall of 1941,
prior to completion of his studies at Brigham Young Uni-
versity in the spring of 1942, without regarc! for any inten-
tions of the local ciraft board.
It was uncler Professor Martin's influence that the prom-
ising freshman chemistry student traveled immediately to
North Carolina State University to carry out graduate stud-
ies in soil science. Champ's description of his clays at North
Carolina is clifficult to recluce to the page. His aciviser was
of the school of thought that did not want students to make
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CHAMP B. TANNER
379
any move prior to full consultation en c! permission. Champ,
who had worked all of his young life to help support the
family, was unaccustomed! to sitting arounc! awaiting instruc-
tions, especially when such instructions often seemec! trivial
en c! pointless. It took less than a year for him to clecicle that
military service was not only inevitable but much preferred
to his present status. By this time he hac! aireacly enTistec! in
the Army Reserve, en c! in the fall of 1942 he was caller! to
active duty with the Signal Corps. The training Champ re-
ceivec! in the Corps in the rapidity cleveloping fielc! of radio
en c! electronics was to serve him well in his later research
career. In ~ 944 he was commissioner! an of fleer en c! as
signec! cluties as an automotive officer. He was clischargec!
in August 1946.
Champ was clisincTinec! to return to North Carolina, but,
to the goof! fortune of soil science, he aireacly hac! in hanc!
an open offer of an assistantship at the University of Wis-
consin. One of Champ's classmates at Brigham Young hac!
gone to Wisconsin for graduate school. This frienc! was so
effusive in his praise of Champ that Emil Truog, the friencl's
major professor at Wisconsin, wrote Champ while he was
still in the service en c! offerer! him an assistantship, to be
taken up at such time as he was free.
THE FORMATIVE YEARS
Emil Truog was one of that fabler! class of professors of
the era known best as benign tyrants. Truog was then chair-
man of the Department of Soils. Though his own training
at Wisconsin culminates! with the degree of master's of sci-
ence in chemistry, by the time of his retirement he hac!
mentorec! over 175 graduate students, most of whom took
Ph.D. degrees. Truog was an acknowlecigec! giant in the
budding field of soil science. He was insightful, demand-
ing, creative, opinionated, and compassionate. After his ex
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B I O G RA P H I C A L
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perience at North Carolina en c! in the military, the thought
of a martinet as a major professor hell! no fears for Champ.
Though Truog shower! tremendous concern for all his stu-
dents, Champ probably most nearly exemplified Truog's
own philosophy about science. One of Champ's favorite
Truogisms was: "Here you are swatting at mosquitoes while
an elephant is trampling all over you!" Truog also preached
that if you wantec! to think clearly you shouIc! "get up with
the bircis." Champ went Truog one better, something not
easy to clot He was almost always up before the bircis en c!
into the office well before daybreak, summer or winter. This
habit was initially essential since Champ en c! his now grow-
ing family liver! at Badger Village, a student housing com-
plex near Baraboo, Wisconsin, some 35 miles from campus.
One hac! to be up early to catch the bus to campus, en c!
Champ never forsook this early habit.
. .
During his graduate student days at Wisconsin, Champ
en c! Kay clemonstratec! the determination with which they
facet! life en c! its adversities. An epidemic of poliomyelitis
swept the country in 1950-51 and hit many college commu-
nities especially hard. Champ contractor! the virus, en c! he
en c! Kay battler! it with both tremendous determination en c!
optimism. Champ never fully recovered the use of his stom-
ach muscles, but he never allowed! the consequences to cle-
ter him from whatever physical task was at hancI. Despite
his disability, the Army insisted that his reserve cIassifica-
tion status shouIc! remain "Erosion Control Specialist." The
military unclerestimatec! Champ's determination en c! even-
tually capitulates! to reality en c! a superior force en c! recIas-
sifiec! him.
Champ completed his Ph.D. degree in soil physics with
M. L. Jackson (NAS, 1986) as his scientific mentor and E.
E. Miller of the physics department as his adviser in physics
en c! lifelong friend. Champ was certain that his illness wouic!
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CHAMP B. TANNER
381
prevent completion of his graduate studies. Truog and the
department saw it otherwise and assured Champ that his
only responsibility was to overcome to the extent possible
the illness that had beset him. As a result, Champ devel-
oned a, 1 ov~,1 t,v to, t,h ~ .~oi 1.s ~ en~,rt,m en t, an ~ to t,h ~ I In iver.si t,v
~ _ ~ r. · . ~ . · A A ~ ~ . ~ ~ . . ~ . ~
ot Wisconsin that was unwavering. lie telt a cleat that ne
could never adequately repay. Nonetheless, over his career,
repay it he did, many times over.
Champ found as he approached graduation that many
institutions were leery of hiring as a faculty member some-
one with a possible physical disability. lob offers were few,
despite the rapid growth of the field of soil physics. Again,
Truog's unerring judgment came to the rescue. Truog had
a policy of keeping the best graduate students at Wisconsin
as the department built up following World War II. Since
Wisconsin at that time was turning out many of the best
soils students in the country, this was more than chauvin-
ism: it was hard-headed pragmatism. It was almost inevi-
table that Truog offer Champ a position at Madison. He
was clearly an exceptional individual, and his sense of obli-
gation to the university in view of the support given him
during his illness made his acceptance of an offer inevi-
table. Over the years Champ was to receive many feelers
about moving elsewhere, but he never gave any encourage-
ment. His loyalty to Wisconsin was unwavering.
THE SOIL PHYSICS YEARS
Champ's entry into academic life as a faculty member
emulated that of his mentor, Truog. When his first gradu-
ate student, R. I. Hanks, could not find housing in Madi-
son, Champ put the necessary plumbing in an upstairs bed-
room and invited John and his wife to stay with them. While
. · · . . . · · ~
later students were able to find their own housing, the pat-
tern was set. It was a rare visiting scientist in Madison who
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B I O G RA P H I C A L
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was not invites! to stay with Champ en c! Kay. Once familiar
with their hospitality and Kay's cuisine, they rarely declined
subsequent invitations. They clic! this with the full knowI-
ecige that, unless they hac! their own transportation from
MicicIleton to campus, they would have to rise no later than
5:00 a.m. Even then, they wouIc! fins! Champ waiting for
them so he conic! start his clay.
Champ's first work in soil physics was along rather cIassi-
cal lines. His first clozen or so papers were clevotec! mainly
to improver! methods for the characterization of the physi-
cal properties of soils en c! soil materials. He clemonstratec!
early his flair for improving experimental equipment and
techniques to which he turner! his attention. He clevelopec!
improver! methods for measuring water retention by soil
en c! for measuring particle size distribution, air-fi~lec! po-
rosity, and permeability. This was a time during which the
field of soil physics was exploding rapidly, with many uni-
versities cleveloping teaching en c! research programs in this
area. While the funciamental physical concepts were in place,
experimental techniques for both laboratory en c! field! were
generally crucle en c! imprecise. Champ macle significant
improvements in every technique he addressed but, more
importantly, lair! the foundation for his keen unclerstancI-
ing of the physics of soil systems.
THE MICROMETEOROLOGY PHASE
It was not until he turned his attention to the energy
budget of soils, however, that Champ truly shower! his tal-
ent for originality in experimentation while focusing on
the most basic problems at hancI. The work by Penman at
the Rothamstec! Experiment Station in Englanc! hac! lair!
the theoretical basis for the unclerstancling of evaporation
from crops and soils. Champ was among the leaders of an
ever-growing number of researchers attracted to this area
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CHAMP B. TANNER
383
of work. A rich collaboration was begun with his colleague,
Verner Suomi, en c! a progression of outstanding students as
they began to explore the rapidly expanding area of evapo-
ration en c! transpiration from plants en c! soil as part of the
larger effort on the earth's energy buciget.
In characteristic fashion, Champ first examiner! critically
the methoclology en c! instrumentation user! in the fielcI.
This pattern was to be repeater! several times in his career.
He wouIc! almost invariably fins! ways to improve the preci-
sion en c! reliability of a measurement. He emphasizec! to
his students in the strongest possible terms that instruments
hac! to be "kept honest" or they wouIc! give the researcher
misTeacling or incorrect results. Manufacturers' calibration
curves were never to be trustee! en c! were always to be veri-
fiec! or corrected. The amount of water user! by crops hac!
become a very controversial issue by this time. It hac! be-
come well recognizec! that glass-house measurements clic!
not cluplicate external conditions acloquately en c! that only
field! measurements were meaningful. Most ciata available
were inferred from soil water content measurements. For
many reasons such measurements lack precision and, even
worse, do not account for drainage from the soil profile.
Direct measurements offerer! the best hope of resolving the
issues. Over the next clecacle almost every known or pro-
posec! experimental technique was investigated. The ratio
of vapor flux to heat flux above a plant canopy is a critical
quantity in many theories, en c! much effort arounc! the worIc!
was focuses! on these flux measurements. Champ was one
of the leaders in this effort. Stomatal conductance mea-
surements were improved. Net racliation measurements above
crops en c! bare soils were aciciressec! en c! improved. In a
highly active area of research, Champ's efforts often went
beyonc! those of most colleagues. He clesignec! en c! built
two very precise weighing Tysimeters. One was a cylindrical
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B I O G RA P H I C A L
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metal tank about 5 meters in diameter, en c! the other was a
rectangular tank, about 2 by 3 meters. Both were over about
a meter creep en c! were frolic! with soil packet! to simulate a
soil profile. A suction drainage system combiner! with a
very precise weighing mechanism permitted measurements
of evapotranspiration over periods of time as brief as 15
minutes. All the more remarkable was the fact that Champ
kept these installations functioning for over fifteen years,
despite the problems of winterizing the equipment to en-
sure survival through the bitter Wisconsin winters. As a legacy
of his polio, pleurisy was a constant threat as he worker!
unclergrounc! beneath the lysimeters. Nevertheless, Champ
always gave every cletaiT his personal attention.
On the other enc! of the measurement scale was the ecicly
correlation method, in which the heat content of incliviclual
wine! eciclies is correlatec! with the movement of incliviclual
eciclies. This requires high-speec! wine! velocity en c! thermal
measurements. Virtually every aspect of evaporation en c!
transpiration receiver! the Champ Tanner touch, en c! a large
cacire of well-trainee! students began to be gracluatecI. Champ
was a leader in setting up a joint program with a number of
Midwestern universities to provicle fielc! instrumentation en c!
experiments for biologists.
By 1965, workers in the field had worked out the general
physics of water Toss from cropped surfaces and were begin-
ning to explore some of the more esoteric issues. Champ
felt that he hac! pusher! the problems of transport in the
Tower atmosphere about as far as he could. There were
many unsolved problems, but the complexity of the plant
canopy convincer! him that something more than straight-
forwarc! transport equations wouic! be requires! to clear with
this situation. Simply coupling the stomata! resistance with
a canopy resistance term worker! remarkably well in many
cases, but he found it a very unsatisfactory approach.
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CHAMP B. TANNER
385
During the 1960s en c! early 1970s Champ was one of the
major ciriving forces behinc! an exciting experiment in co-
operative research between the University of Wisconsin en c!
the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the U.S. De-
partment of Agriculture. This joint effort resultec! in the
establishment of the Hydrology Research Group, staffed by
Champ, E. E. Miller, G. W. Thurtell, en c! W. R. Gardner
from the university en c! P. A. C. Raats, C. Dirksen, en c! R.
Amerman from the USDA. This assembly of scholars at-
tractec! an outstanding group of visiting scholars, postclocs,
en c! graduate students. Seminars were not to be missecI, as
almost every facet of any subject of interest to any partici-
pant conic! leac! to stimulating en c! enlightening debates.
The entire group was singularly productive. Though it was
an unquestionable scientific en c! eclucational success, it was
· . · . . .
too fragile to survive tne mlnctless ranctom motion cnarac-
teristic of the Washington bureaucracy, en c! cluring one of
many reorganizations of the ARS it was simply clissolvecI.
THE PLANT PHYSIOLOGY PHASE
Partly because it was not clear how to push the transport
problems forwarc! en c! partly as a result of an extremely
stimulating sabbatical spent with John Passioura in Austra-
lia, Champ turner! his attention from the plant environ-
ment to the response of the plant to its environment. Once
again, he started with the literature, reading critically virtu-
ally every paper publisher! in English on plant-water rela-
tions, making notes as though he were reviewing them for
publication. Within a few months it wouIc! be hare! to argue
that any plant scientist hac! as thorough a knowlecige of the
literature of plant response to water stress en c! of the weak-
nesses in the experiments as clic! Champ. No physical mea-
surement was ever too clifficult for Champ to attempt, en c!
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B I O G RA P H I C A L
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he was soon into the business of buiTcling thermocouple
psychrometer en c! plant pressure chambers.
While Champ lover! unclerstancling physical systems for
unclerstancling's sake, he always hac! a pragmatic enc! in
view. His work with the lysimeters resultec! in ciata clesignec!
to improve irrigation efficiency in order to recluce the leach-
ing of fertilizer to grounc! water. Not content to work with
easy plants, Champ chose to work with potatoes, an impor-
tant crop in the central Wisconsin sane! plains. He clic! not
stop at measuring the water status of the plant leaves but
set himself the task of observing clirectly the turgor of the
potato tubers. Loss of turgor at a critical perioc! coup! re-
sult in misshapen en c! less valuable potatoes. Measuring tu-
ber elongation in situ clic! not ciaunt Champ, despite the
new! for minimal disturbance. The task of observing with
precision minute ciroplets of exudate forcer! out of the tu-
bers in laboratory pressure chambers in order to measure
their turgor was approaches! with confidence. With the en-
couragement en c! acivice of Arthur Kelman, Champ attacker!
the question of the relation between the plant water status
or the water status of the tuber and certain tuber diseases.
Champ also stucliec! the water relations of alfalfa, another
clifficult plant structure with which to clear. One of his fa-
vorite experiments clealt with the effect of direct solar ra-
cliation on onion umbels cluring flowering. This problem
appealed to him very much because, geometrically, it was a
sphere sitting atop a cylincler. Where else in the plant king-
clom conic! one fins! an experimental arrangement so con-
clucive to simulation? One of those simulations consistec! of
a Styrofoam sphere coverer! with different densities of se-
quins, in order to achieve variable roughness. He en c! his
students fount! the actual heat transfer from the onion um-
bel to the atmosphere to be greater than the theoretical,
but, more importantly, they showed that the "sun scald"
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CHAMP B. TANNER
387
observer! in the onion seec! fielcis in Idaho resultec! when
solar racliation en c! wine! were from the same direction. This
project brought Champ almost as much fun as his favorite
project on heat transfer. Always open to challenging prob-
lems whatever their context, he colIaboratec! with colleagues
from animal science to work out the temperature clistribu-
tion en c! evaporative heat exchange in the scrotal system of
the boar. Uncler pressure, he wouIc! confess that his ap-
proach was less "hancis-on" than was normal for him.
Champ was also a keen student of science. F. H. King hac!
hell! the first chair of agricultural physics in the Uniter!
States, en c! Champ was fully conversant with all his work
en c! felt a strong kinship with King. The two careers spanner!
a century of soil physics in the Uniter! States, en c! between
them there were few important problems in the field! that
they clic! not aciciress en c! clic! not bring more physical sci
ence to.
Champ hac! a unique ability to synthesize information
from an extremely diverse set of experiences, theories, specu-
lations, en c! observations. His career contributions are prob-
ably best summer! up in the 1983 review paper with Sinclair.
In simplistic terms they showed that the production of total
dry matter by a plant was directly proportional to the water
transpired and inversely proportional to a mean saturation
cleficit of the atmosphere. While C3, C4, en c! CAM plants
all clifferecI, their transpiration efficiency, countless genera-
tions of plan t bre ecling, aciverten t or in aciverten i, hac! serve c!
to change these efficiencies hardily at all. While this over-
simplifies the actual situation, the conclusions pointer! out
clearly the directions that future research must take, if the
relation between crop water use en c! crop growth was to be
alterec! in clesirec! directions. The heatec! controversy that
hac! characterizec! soil physics en c! crop physiology for cle-
cacles was now resolvecI.
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B I O G RA P H I C A L
THE FINAL YEARS
EMOIRS
Champ was honoree! with a namer! professorship at Wis-
consin, appropriately namer! after Emil Truog. He also re-
ceivec! the Soil Science Research Awarc! from the Soil Sci-
ence Society of America en c! the Outstanding Achievement
in Biometeorology Awarc! from the American Meteorology
Society. At one time he was an associate editor of journals
in three distinct clisciplines. He often expressed the com-
plaint that editors seemec! to sent! him only the most cliffi-
cult papers to review. He was quite correct in this. If an
editor hac! a paper that was certain to rouse the ire of an
important en c! contentious scientist, it was a sure bet that
Champ wouic! get it for review.
His work hours were legenciary. His stanciarcis of science
en c! personal integrity were almost unrealistically high. His
willingness to debate politics with even the most ardent
partisan, coupled with the unfailing generosity and hospi-
tality of the Tanner home, meant that an evening at the
Tanner home was a never-to-be-forgotten experience. The
stories his students now pass on to their students may sound
apocryphal to those who clic! not know Champ. But it was
impossible to exaggerate where Champ was concerned. He
was entirely without guile en c! what you saw was what you
got. The Tanners' youngest son, Clarke, a gifted pianist
with a promising career aheac! of him, cliec! of leukemia
just before he was to accept a music scholarship at Milton
College. Despite such heartaches en c! his own physical limi-
tations, Champ never lost his zest for life and learning that
buoyed! up all those who knew him.
At a time in his life when he might well have follower! the
tradition of many of his colleagues en c! starter! slowing clown
en c! enjoying the fruits of his labors, Champ remainec! en-
tirely true to his character. He was elected to the National
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CHAMP B. TANNER
389
Academy of Sciences in 1981, the first such soil scientist
thus recognized. He took this not so much as a well-cle-
servec! honor but as a call to cluty. He worker! conscien-
tiously to seek out en c! nominate others deserving of recog-
nition. He acceptec! appointment to the Bo arc! on Agriculture
of the National Research Council en c! playoc! a very active
role on the board. Finally, although he cletestec! paperwork
with great fervor, his loyalty to his campus en c! his clepart-
ment compelled him to accept the chairmanship of the
soils department. He undertook this assignment in the only
way he knew how, with thoroughness, candor, en c! selfless-
ness. A series of key retirements threatened to tarnish the
luster of what hac! been one of the top such departments in
the world. Champ set about a vigorous effort to obtain po-
sitions en c! fill them with the best scientists available. At the
same time he continues! working with his students.
Champ found great satisfaction in working with his old-
est son, Bert, who, trainee! in geophysics, eventually enterer!
the private sector with a small, creative company producing
ciata logging en c! processing systems. His micicile son, Myron,
trainee! in hydrology, also clirectec! his talents to the private
sector. The Tanners hac! two daughters, Taffy en c! Terri,
whose own careers have demonstrates! that they inheritec!
both the capabilities en c! the stanciarcis of their parents.
Both of Champ's brothers, now deceased, were talented
engineers.
On the occasion of his retirement, Champ's colleagues
honoree! him with a Symposium on Biophysical Measure-
ments en c! Instrumentation at the annual meeting of the
American Society of Agronomy in November ~ 988. Selectec!
papers from the symposium were printer! in the journal
Theoretical and Applied Climatology (vol. 42, 1990~. Despite
the knowledge that his pancreatic cancer was almost cer-
tain to prove fatal, Champ maintainer! his work schedule to
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390
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
the limit of his physical ability en c! clic! as much as he conic!
to put his personal en c! professional affairs in order. His
life's work incluclec! some 150 technical articles, book chap-
ters, en c! reports, as well as more than three clozen theses
supervised.
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CHAMP B. TANNER
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
1956
391
With V. E. Suomi. Lithium chloride dewcel properties and use for
dewpoint and vapor-pressure gradient measurements. Trans. Am.
Geophys. Union 37:413-20.
1958
With V. E. Suomi. A max-min dewpoint hygrometer. Trans. Am.
Geophys. Union 39:63-66.
With V. E. Suomi. Evaporation estimates from heat budget mea-
surements over a field crop. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 39:298-
304.
1960
With W. L. Pelton and K. M. King. An evaluation of Thornthwaite
and mean temperature methods for determining potential evapo-
transpiration. Agron. f. 52:387-95.
With W. L. Pelton. Potential evapotranspiration estimates by the
approximate energy balance method of Penman. 7. Geophys. Res.
65:3391-3413.
With J. A. Businger and P. M. Kuhn. The economical net radiom-
eter. 7. Geophys. Res. 65: 3657-67.
1961
A simple aero-heat budget method for determining daily evapo-
transpiration. Transactions of the 7th International Congress on Soil
Science, vol. 1, pp. 203-9.
1962
With E. R. Lemon. Radiant energy utilized in evapotranspiration.
Agron. J. 54:207-12.
1963
Plant temperatures. Agron. J. 55:210-11.
OCR for page 392
392
B I O G RA P H I C A L
1966
EMOIRS
With C. A. Federer. The spectral distribution of light in the forest.
Ecology 47:555-60.
With C. A. Federer. Sensors for measuring light available for photo-
synthesis. Ecology 47:654-57.
With M. Fuchs. Infrared thermometry of vegetation. Agron. f. 58:597-
601.
1967
With D. H. Sargeant. A simple psychrometric apparatus for Bowen
ratio measurements. 7. Appl. Meteorol. 6:414-18.
1968
With M. Fuchs. Evaporation from unsaturated surfaces: a general-
ized combination method. 7. Geophys. Res. 73:1299-1304.
With T. A. Black and G. W. Thurtell. Hydraulic load cell lysimeter
construction, calibration, and tests. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 32:623-
29.
1969
With M. Fuchs, G. W. Thurtell, and T. A. Black. Evaporation from
drying surfaces by the combination method. Agron. f. 61:22-26.
With E. T. Kanemasu and G. W. Thurtell. The design, calibration,
and field use of a stomata! diffusion porometer. Plant Physiol.
44:881-85.
With J. M. Norman and G. W. Thurtell. Photosynthetic light sensor
for measurement in plant canopies. Agron. f. 61:840-43.
With E. T. Kanemasu. Stomatal diffusion resistance of snap beans.
1. Influence of leaf-water potential. Plant Physiol. 44: 1542-46.
With S. M. Goltz, G. W. Thurtell, and F. E. Jones. Evaporation mea-
surements by an eddy correlation method. 7. Water Resour. Res.
6:440-46.
1970
With G. W. Thurtell and M. L. Wesely. Three-dimensional pressure-
sphere anemometer system. J. Appl. Meteorol. 9:379-85.
OCR for page 393
CHAMP B. TANNER
1972
393
With M. L. Wesely and G. W. Thurtell. An improved pressure-sphere
anemometer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2:275-83.
1975
With P. W. Gandar. Comparison of methods for measuring leaf and
tuber water potentials in potato. Am. Potato f. 52:387-97.
1976
With P. W. Gandar. Leaf growth, tuber growth, and water potential
in potatoes. Crop Sci. 16:534-38.
1983
With T. R. Sinclair. Efficient water use in crop production: research
or re-search? In Limitations to Efficient Water Use in Crop Produc-
tion, ed. H. M. Taylor, H. R. Jordan, and T. R. Sinclair, pp. 1-28.
Madison, Wisc.: American Society of Agronomy.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
soil science
