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STD (etiologic agent)
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Estimated Annual Incidence, 1994a
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Estimated Prevalence, 1994b
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Estimated Annual Total Costs (millions of 1994$)c
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Routes of Transmissiond
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Frequency of Asymptomatic Infectionse
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Major Long-Term Health Consequences.f
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Increases Risk for Acquisition or Transmission of HIV Infection?g
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Effective Curative Treatment Available/ Vaccine Available?h
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Adults
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Pregnant Women and Infants
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|
|
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Chlamydial infection (Chlamydial trachomatis)
|
4,000,000
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NA
|
2,013
|
Vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Mother-to-infant transmission.
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Women: very common. Men: common.
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Women: pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain. Men: epididymitis, urethral stricture. Women and men: Reiter's syndrome (arthritis), complications of septicemia.
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Infants: neonatal eye disease, pneumonia. Pregnant women: prematurity and other complications.
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Yes
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Yes/No
|
|
Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
|
800,000
|
NA
|
1,051
|
Vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Mother-to-infant transmission.
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Women: common. Men: uncommon.
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Women: pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain. Men: epididymitis, urethral stricture. Women and men: complications of septicemia.
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Infants: eye infections (conjunctivitis), blindness. Pregnant women: prematurity and other complications.
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Yes
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Yes (but antibioticresistant strains exist)/No
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Syphilis (all stages) (Treponema pallidum)
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101,000
|
NA
|
106
|
Vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Mother-to-infant transmission. Very rarely by direct nonsexual contact with infectious lesions. Rarely through blood transfusion if donor is in early stages of disease.
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Women: common. Men: common or less common.
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Women and men: cardiovascular problems, neurological disorders, damage to other organ systems, often years after the initial infection.
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Infants: congenital syphilis. Pregnant women: stillborn fetus, premature delivery.
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Yes
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Yes/No
|
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Human papillomavirus infection (human papillomavirus)
|
500,000-1,000,000
|
24,000,000
|
3,827
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Vaginal, anal, and probably oral sex. Occasional mother-to-infant transmission.
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Women and men: very common.
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Women: genital cancer (vulvar, cervical, vaginal). Men: penile cancer. Women and men: anal cancer.
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Infants: wart-like tumors of larynx.
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No evidence
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Yes/No
|
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Genital herpes (herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2)
|
200,000-500,000
|
31,000,000
|
237
|
Vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Direct nonsexual contact with infectious lesions. Mother-to-infant transmission.
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Women and men: common.
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Women and men: recurrent lesions.
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Infants: fetal malformations, severe mental retardation, brain damage. Pregnant women: spontaneous abortion, premature delivery.
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Possible
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No/No
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