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Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
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Glossary


CEEWISE:

The Committee on the Education and Employment of Women in Science and Education of the National Research Council.

CWSE:

The Committee on Women in Science and Engineering of the National Research Council.


DRF:

Doctorate Records File which combines information for all years of the SDR.


ISI:

Institute for Scientific Information.


NRC:

The National Research Council.

NSF:

The National Science Foundation.


OSEP:

The Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel of the National Research Council.


R&D:

Research and development.

RA:

Research assistantship.


S&E:

Science and engineering.

SED:

The Survey of Earned Doctorates.

SDR:

The Survey of Doctorate Recipients.


TA:

Teaching assistantship.

Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
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Labor Force

is defined as Ph.D.s in S&E fields who are living in the United States and are under the age of 75. The labor force includes both part time workers and those who are unemployed, including the small number of scientists and engineers who are not looking for work. Retired scientists are not counted in the labor force.

Full-time labor force

is defined as members of the labor force who are working full time in some area of science or engineering.

Employed Outside of S&E

includes doctoral scientists and engineers who are working full time in occupations that are not directly related to S&E as defined by the Survey of Doctorate Recipients.

Unemployed

includes those without jobs who are seeking work.

Out of the Labor Force

are those who are not working and not seeking work.

Underemployment

includes part-time workers and the unemployed.

Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 310
Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
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Page 311
From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers Get This Book
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Although women have made important inroads in science and engineering since the early 1970s, their progress in these fields has stalled over the past several years. This study looks at women in science and engineering careers in the 1970s and 1980s, documenting differences in career outcomes between men and women and between women of different races and ethnic backgrounds.

The panel presents what is known about the following questions and explores their policy implications: In what sectors are female Ph.D.s employed? What salary disparities exist between men and women in these fields? How is marital status associated with career attainment? Does it help a career to have a postdoctoral appointment? How well are female scientists and engineers represented in management?

Within the broader context of education and the labor market, the book provides detailed comparisons between men and women Ph.D.s in a number of measures: financial support for education, academic rank achieved, salary, and others. The study covers engineering; the mathematical, physical, life, and social and behavioral sciences; medical school faculty; and recipients of National Institutes of Health grants.

Findings and recommendations in this volume will be of interest to practitioners, faculty, and students in science and engineering as well as education administrators, employers, and researchers in these fields.

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