minimal part of his life, but his spiritual nature remained a dominant force.

Bernd entered the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich in 1936 after receiving his "Matur" at the Institute Montana, Zugerberg, Zug. He studied physics under the influence of Georg Wentzel, who became his friend, and teachers such as Karrer and Pauli. His mother's suicide in 1938 (he told me [T.H.G.] he heard the fatal shot over a long-distance phone line) left him on his own with no financial support. His future as a physicist took a fortunate turn when he became a graduate student of Paul Scherrer and commenced his lifelong study of cooperative phenomena, starting with piezo and ferroelectricity. He received his Ph.D. in 1943, and remained a research associate and close friend of Scherrer.

Bernd came to the United States in 1947 at the invitation of Arthur von Hippel and, even though he stayed in von Hippel's lab at MIT only one-year, they became good friends. William Shockley was instrumental in bringing him to Bell Labs in Murray Hill. He hired Joe Remeika, at the time an unknown and untrained technician, without the approval of the personnel department. Together they initiated work on BaTiO ₃ before Bernd took a leave of absence to be an assistant professor (1949-51) at the University of Chicago. There he became an intimate friend of John Hulm from whom he learned techniques of experimental low temperature physics, including running the locally constructed liquefier. With encouragement from Enrico Fermi, Bernd felt that if more superconductors could be found, the patterns of occurrence might provide some essential clues, particularly since there had been little progress in developing a fundamental theory even after four decades of trying. W. H. (Willy) Zachariasen also offered encouragement plus an uncanny ability to identify new structures in complex X-ray