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HARDBACK list:$42.95 Web:$38.66 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Water Conservation, Reuse, and Recycling: Proceedings of an Iranian-American Workshop Confronting the Nation's Water Problems: The Role of Research Other Related Titles Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management (1997) Board on Agriculture (BOA) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 141   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Index A Aerial photography, 35, 37 cost, vs satellite imagery, 38 crop production models, 40 forestry, 57 soil/crop variability, 54 vegetation indexes, 48 Agricultural chemicals, 77, 98 see also Fertilizers; Pest control; Herbicides; Variable rate technology Agricultural extension services, 7, 90, 104, 106, 114 telecommunications, 11, 107 Agricultural inputs, 18, 49, 52, 56-57 cost factors, 73 evaluation methodology, 97, 100-101, 103 subfield scale, 73, 101 see also Environmental issues; Agricultural chemicals Agricultural machinery, 44, 65-66, 80-81, 82 cost factors, 70-71, 80-81 forestry, 56 private R&D funding, 93 sensors and, 97, 98 floaters, 33-34, 65 standards, 98 turnkey computer systems, 78-79 Agricultural production, general, 1, 46, 49 crop models, 39-40, 49-50, 53, 101 crop yield and profit maps, 4 data standards, ISO 8211, 98, 99 spatial dimension, 39-40, 49-50, 53 Agricultural productivity, general, 1, 46, 48, 67, 102 local sensors, 97 R&D funding, 93 stochastic processes, 49-50 yield mapping systems, 31, 38, 45, 49, 53, 55, 63, 66, 115 yield monitors, 22, 31, 38, 66, 78, 100, 115 Agricultural Research Service, 90, 91 Agriculture Electronics Association, 98, 108 American Committee for Inoperable Systems, 111 American Farm Bureau Federation, 108, 111 Page 141 Front Matter (R1-R12) Executive Summary (1-15) 1 Dimensions of Precision Agriculture (16-43) 2 A New Way to Practice Agriculture (44-64) 3 Adoption of Precision Agriculture (65-89) 4 Public Policy and Precision Agriculture (90-119) References (120-132) Glossary (133-137) Authors (138-140) Index (141-149)

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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management Index A Aerial photography, 35, 37 cost, vs satellite imagery, 38 crop production models, 40 forestry, 57 soil/crop variability, 54 vegetation indexes, 48 Agricultural chemicals, 77, 98 see also Fertilizers; Pest control; Herbicides; Variable rate technology Agricultural extension services, 7, 90, 104, 106, 114 telecommunications, 11, 107 Agricultural inputs, 18, 49, 52, 56-57 cost factors, 73 evaluation methodology, 97, 100-101, 103 subfield scale, 73, 101 see also Environmental issues; Agricultural chemicals Agricultural machinery, 44, 65-66, 80-81, 82 cost factors, 70-71, 80-81 forestry, 56 private R&D funding, 93 sensors and, 97, 98 floaters, 33-34, 65 standards, 98 turnkey computer systems, 78-79 Agricultural production, general, 1, 46, 49 crop models, 39-40, 49-50, 53, 101 crop yield and profit maps, 4 data standards, ISO 8211, 98, 99 spatial dimension, 39-40, 49-50, 53 Agricultural productivity, general, 1, 46, 48, 67, 102 local sensors, 97 R&D funding, 93 stochastic processes, 49-50 yield mapping systems, 31, 38, 45, 49, 53, 55, 63, 66, 115 yield monitors, 22, 31, 38, 66, 78, 100, 115 Agricultural Research Service, 90, 91 Agriculture Electronics Association, 98, 108 American Committee for Inoperable Systems, 111 American Farm Bureau Federation, 108, 111

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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management B Biomass variation, 48, 55 Biotechnology, 52, 64, 86 germplasm, 44 herbicide resistance, 52 private sector, 94 C California Irrigation Management Information System, 23-25, 66, 68 Cartography, see Maps and mapping Case studies, 3, 73, 74, 76, 103, 104 Cation exchange capacity, 32 Census of Agriculture, 115 Center pivot irrigation, 67, 70 Chemicals, see Agricultural chemicals Committee on Criteria for Federal Support of Research and Development, 95-96 Communications, see Telecommunications Computer products and services, 20, 31, 66, 70, 71, 77, 78-79, 85, 97-99, 118 CIMIS, 23-25, 66, 68 education, 104 expert systems, 13, 37, 77, 101 turnkey, 78-79 see also Data collection and processing; Data ownership and privacy; Intellectual property; Internet Conservation tillage, 94 Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, 95 Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, 91 Copyright, see Intellectual property Copyright Act, 111 Corn, 53, 66, 67, 68, 70 Cost factors, 12, 72, 119 aerial vs satellite imagery, 38 agricultural machinery, 70-71, 80-81 floater/variable-rate technologies, 33-34 chemicals dealers, 77 cost-benefit analysis, 51, 81-82, 87, 89 diffusion of technology, 67, 68-69, 70-72 environmental benefits vs costs, 87, 89 fertilizers, 56 fixed, 70 human capital, 70, 71 inputs, 73 long-term, 72-73 nutrient assays, 4 pest control, 60, 81 remote sensing, 38, 72-73 sampling strategies, 97 subfield management, 21 telecommunications, private investment, 106-107 weed management, 80-81 Cotton, 47, 50-51, 63, 71, 77, 86 Crop models, 5, 101-103 aerial photography, 40 ground-based sensors, 34 production, 39-40, 49-50, 53, 101 remote sensing, 36, 37, 38 spatial dimension, 39-40, 49-50, 53 Crop yield, see Agricultural production; Agricultural productivity D Data collection and processing, 5, 17, 18, 92, 109, 118-119 crop consultant, profile, 26-27 data sharing, 7, 9, 11, 13, 22, 87-88, 99-100, 103, 106, 111 decision support systems, 41, 42-43 environmental monitoring, 87-88, 111 geographic information systems, 5, 30-31 geographic scales, 19-20 georeferencing, 7, 22, 28-30 methodology, 96-99, 100-101 Natural Resources Inventory, 115-116 public sector role, 10-11, 97, 112-119 regional, 7, 111-112 soil, 9, 10, 112, 113-114, 116 spatial dimension, 22, 23 standards, 7-8, 10, 97-98, 114, 118 see also Image processing

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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management Data ownership and privacy, 6, 7, 10, 92, 108, 110-112, 118 see also Intellectual property Decision support systems, 1, 4, 5, 11-12, 18, 40-43, 104 crop/information technology/decision-making linkage, 46 data collection/processing, 41, 42-43 expert systems, 13, 37, 77, 101 farm size/structure impacts, 81-82 georeferencing, 28 precision agriculture defined, 2 spatial dimension, 41-42 theory, 100 weather, 61 weed management, 41-42 Department of Agriculture, 3, 7 Agricultural Research Service, 90, 91 data management, 10, 116 evaluation/coordination role, 9, 10, 99 R&D, 90-92, 101 Department of Defense, 93 see also Global Positioning System Differential Global Positioning System, 29, 32, 33, 61, 63 Doppler radar, 61-62 Dissemination of research, see Technology diffusion Drip irrigation, 67, 68, 70, 85 E Economic factors, 6, 11-12, 14, 105 evaluation, 9, 74-76, 99-101 farm/size structure, 12-13, 81-85, 88 forestry, 57 information technology, evaluation of impacts on, 74-76 profitability, 9, 12, 45, 67, 69, 70, 72, 76, 96 vertical integration, 85 see also Cost factors; Employment issues; Funding; Private sector Economic Research Service, 115 Education and training, 5-6, 104-106 computer use, 104 continuing professional, 6, 105 GPS, 104 land grant universities, 3, 9, 71, 91, 101, 104-105 private sector reticence, 93, 94 public sector role, general, 3, 90, 92 see also Technical assistance; Technology diffusion Employment issues, 3, 13, 79-81, 88 age of farmers, 81 government research agencies, 91 human capital, 70, 71 pesticides, farmworker safety, 61 rural development, 13, 79-81 Environmental issues, vi, 3, 9, 11-14 (passim), 85-89, 119 conservation tillage, 94 cost-benefit factors, 87, 89 data collection/processing, 87-88, 111 export markets for technology, 107 evaluation, 99, 100, 103-104 fertilizers, 13-14, 55-56, 85-86, 87 forestry, 57 landscape analysis, 23 pest control, 13-14, 60, 61, 85-86, 87 private sector investment, 94-95 public sector role, 96, 101, 102 standards, 98 Equipment, see Agricultural machinery Equipment Manufacturers Institute, 98 Erosion, 23 Evaluation agricultural inputs, general, 97, 100-101, 103 CRADA, 95-96 databases, 111 DOA role, 9, 10, 99 economic factors, 9, 74-76, 99-101 environmental issues, 99, 100, 103-104 fertilizer application, 73, 76 information technology, economic impacts of, 74-76 methodology, 9, 10, 18, 96-101, 103 public sector role, 9, 10, 96-101 see also Economic factors; Environmental issues; Standards Evapotranspiration, 23, 24-25, 36, 39 Expert systems, 13, 37, 77, 101

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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management Extension services, see Agricultural extension services F Farm size/structure decision support systems, 81-82 economic factors, 12-13, 81-85, 88 Federal Geographic Data Committee, 98 Federal Technology Transfer Act, 95 Fertilizers, 51, 55-59, 102 cost factors, 56 harvest timing, 48 pollution, 13-14, 55-56, 85-86, 87 spatial dimension, 55, 58-59 subfield scale, 73, 101 synthetic, 44 variable-rate technologies, 33, 65-66, 76 Floaters, 33-34, 65 Foreign trade, 107 Forestry management, 2 site-specific, 56-57 Freedom of Information Act, 110-111 Fruit growth, 46-47 Fruit yield, 31 Funding CRADA, 95-96 disclosure, 9 GPS, 91 Internet, 91 land grant universities, 105 machinery, 93 private, 92-95 public, 93, 95, 96 Agricultural Research Service, 91, 92 other USDA funding, 92 G General Accounting Office, 107 Genetic engineering, see Biotechnology Geographic information systems, 5, 30-33, 39-40, 49, 59, 78, 94, 97, 111, 115, 117 data collection/processing, 5, 30-31 decision support systems, 28 education, 104 forestry, 56, 57 Georeferencing, 7, 28 data collection/processing, 7, 22, 28-30 see also Global Positioning System Geostatistics, 4, 5 kriging, 59 GLObal Navigation Satellite System, 29 Global Positioning System, 5, 28-33 (passim), 38, 78, 90, 108 education, 104 forestry, 56 harvest, 63 pesticides, 61 private sector role, 94 real-time sensing, 29 Grains, 31, 66, 70, 76 Grid soil sampling, 58-59, 66, 100, 113 Groundbased sensors, 34-35, 97 floaters, 33-34, 65 H Harvest, 63 fertilizers, 48 forestry, 56 GPS, 63 machinery costs, 80-81 plant population data, 53 timing, 46, 48 vegetative-to-fruit growth, 47 Herbicides, 51, 60-61 forestry, 56 resistant plant varieties, 52 Humidity measurements, 62-63 I Image processing, 5, 10-11, 36 crop consultant, profile, 26 Infrared sensing, 37 vegetation indexes, 32, 36, 46-48 Inputs, see Agricultural inputs Insect control, see Pest control Integrated pest management, 12, 59-61, 66, 85, 101

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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management Intellectual property, copyright/patents, 108-112, 118 CRADA, 95 private sector dilemma, 93-94 remote sensing, 108 see also Data ownership and privacy Interferometry, 40 Internet, 12, 20, 91, 106, 107-108 CIMIS, 23-25 weather, 62 Investment, see Funding IPM, see Integrated pest management Irrigation center pivot, 67, 70 CIMIS, 23-25, 66, 68 cotton, 47 drip, 67, 68, 70, 85 harvest timing and, 48 low-volume, 66, 67-70, 83, 85 variable-rate technologies, 33 ISO 8211, 98, 99 K Kriging, 59 L Land grant universities, 3, 9, 71, 91, 101, 104-105 Land Remote Sensing Policy Act, 38 LANDSAT remote sensing, 38, 57, 91, 115, 119 Landscape analysis, 23 Legal issues, see Data ownership and privacy; Intellectual property Lewin-Kolb model, 19 LIDAR, 57 Livestock, 2, 93, 98 Local agencies, see State and local agencies M Machinery, see Agricultural machinery Maps and mapping fertility, 73 geographic information systems, 30-31, 49 geostatistics and, 4 GLObal Navigation Satellite System, 29 humidity, 63 product quality, 63 sensing techniques, general, 5 soil, general, 73, 101 Cooperative Soil Survey, 9, 10, 112, 113-11, 116-117 variable-rate technologies, 32, 33 weeds, 42, 53 see also Global Positioning System; Yield mapping systems Marketing, 6, 12, 63 databases, 111 diffusion of technology, 69 harvest dates predicted, 46 Models and modeling cotton growth, 50-51 crop/information technology/decision-making linkage, 46 crop/pest interactions, 102, 103 forestry, 56-57 multivariate, 48-51, 100, 103 soil, 101-103 spatial, general, 4, 19-20 see also Crop models; Decision support systems; Kriging Multivariate analysis, 48-51, 100, 103 N NASA, see Landsat remote sensing National Agricultural Statistics Service, 114-115 National Cooperative Soil Survey, 9, 10, 112, 113-114, 116-117 National Information Infrastructure Council/Task Force, 108, 111 Natural Resources Conservation Service, 10, 115-117 see also National Cooperative Soil Survey Natural Resources Inventory, 115-116

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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management O Occupational safety and health, pesticides, 61 On-line systems, see Internet; Telecommunications Open GIS Foundation, 98 P Patents, see Intellectual property PC-Plant Protection, 41 Pest control, 4, 16, 17, 40, 44, 51, 59-61 cost factors, 60, 81 crop production modeling, 39 decision support systems, 41-42 environmental issues, 60, 61 GPS, 61 ground-based sensors, 35 humidity, 62-63 pollutants, 13-14, 60, 61, 85-86, 87 R&D policy, 102 scouting, 16, 83 soil, 60 spatial dimension, general, 60-61 subfield management, 21, 41-42 see also Integrated pest management; Weed management Photosynthesis, 39 Plant control, see Herbicides; Weed management Plant diseases, 21 scouting, 16, 83 Pollution, see Environmental issues Precision agricultural, general, 119 ancillary uses, 77 components, 65 conventional vs, 9, 16-17, 44, 48-51, 87, 93, 94, 101 defined, 2, 17-18 export markets for technology, 107 farm size/structure impacts, 12-13, 81-85, 88 high-vs low-value crops, 77 management factors, 51-52 NAS study focus, 18-19 service/product provision, forms, 77-79 systems approach, 48-49, 100, 101 Privacy, see Data ownership and privacy Private sector, vi, 5, 90 agricultural machinery, 93 biotechnology, 94 data processing, 11 diffusion of technology, 90, 91-92 education, 93, 94 environmental protection, 94-95 evaluation, 9, 99, 101 funding levels, 92-95 GPS, 94 professional societies, 6, 98, 99, 106 public sector cooperation, 95-96, 98, 100-101, 114-115, 118 R&D, 90, 93-94 telecommunications infrastructure, 106-107 weather satellites, 61-62 Production, see Agricultural production Productivity, see Agricultural productivity Professional societies, 6, 98, 99, 106 Profitability, 9, 12, 45, 67, 69, 70, 72, 76, 96 Public sector role, vi, 3, 5, 90, 90-119 data collection and processing, 10-11, 97, 112-119 diffusion of technology, 90-92, 100-101 education, general, 3, 90, 92 environmental protection, 96, 101, 102 evaluation, 9, 10, 96-101 federal agencies other than DOA, 91, 116, 119 funding, 93, 95, 96 Agricultural Research Service, 91, 92 other USDA funding, 92 land grant universities, 3, 9, 71, 91, 101, 104-105 private sector cooperation, 95-96, 98, 100-101, 114-115, 118 R&D, 3, 90-96, 101-104 standards, 97-99, 118 telecommunications, 106-108 weather satellites, 61-62 see also Department of Agriculture; State and local agencies; other public agencies

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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management R Real-time processing, 4 Global Positioning System, 29 ground-based, 34-35 spatial data, 22 variable-rate technologies, 32-33 weather, 20, 62 Regional dimension, 23-25 databases, 7, 111-112 weather, 61, 62 Remote sensing, 5, 35-39, 101 cost of, 38, 72-73 crop growth graphs from, 47-48 crop models, 36, 37, 38 forestry, 56-57 image processing, 5, 10-11, 26, 36 intellectual property issues, 108 Land Remote Sensing Policy Act, 38 LANDSAT remote sensing, 38, 57, 91, 115, 119 privacy issues, 110-111 soil and crop variability, 54 spatial data, 22, 36-38, 48 telecommunications, local access, 108 variable-rate technologies, 32, 33 vegetation indexes, 32, 36, 46-48 see also Aerial photography; Infrared sensing Research and development, 27-28 Agricultural Research Service, 90, 91 decision theory, 100 DOA role, 90-92, 101 fertility, 90-91 funding, 91, 92, 93, 95-96 groundbased sensors, 34-35 multidisciplinary, 5, 6-7 pest control, 102 private sector role, 90, 93-94 public sector role, 3, 90-96, 101-104 public/private sector cooperation, 95-96 state agricultural experiment stations, 92, 94, 95 traditional vs emergent, 2, 3-6, 44, 48-51 see also Biotechnology; Case studies; Evaluation; Technology diffusion Russia, 29 Rural development, vi, 88-89 employment, 13, 79-81 telecommunications, 11, 13, 106-108 see also Farm size/structure S Satellite technology, 35-36, 37, 38, 106, 115, 119 cost factors, 38 CIMIS, 25 GLObal Navigation Satellite System, 29 Landsat remote sensing, 38, 57, 91, 115, 119 private sector, 61-62 weather, 61-62, 115 see also Global Positioning System Scouting, 16, 83 Seasonal factors, 48, 50 Seeds, 52-53, 86 germplasm, 44 Sensing and sensors, 4-5 real-time sensing, 4, 20, 22, 29, 32-35, 62 see also Ground-based sensors; Image processing; Remote sensing; Spectroscopy Social factors, vi, 11, 13, 105, 119 see also Employment issues Soil science, 3, 16, 51, 53-59, 67 aerial photography, 54 cation exchange capacity, 32 CIMIS, 23-25 Cooperative Soil Survey, 9, 10, 112, 113-114, 116 data collection, general, 9, 10, 112, 113-114, 116 depth assessments, 53 erosion, 23 fertility research, 73, 90-91 forestry, 56-57 georeferencing, 28 grid sampling, 58-59, 66, 100, 113 groundbased sensors, 34-35 mapping, general, 73, 101 Cooperative Soil Survey, 9, 10, 112, 113-114, 116-117

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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management modeling, 101-103 nutrient assays, 4, 35 pesticides, 60 phosphorus, 32, 35, 58, 56, 57-58, 73 plant genetics, drought-prone soils, 52 plant population, 52-53 potassium, 35, 56, 73 remote sensing, 54 R&D policy, 102 spatial dimension, 54, 113, 114 grid sampling, 58-59, 66, 100, 113 stochastic processes, 49 subfield management, 21, 49, 101 variable-rate technologies, 32 see also Fertilizers Soybean, 70, 77, 86 Spatial Data Transfer Standard, 98 Spatial dimension, 5, 6, 17, 51 CIMIS, 23-25 crop production modeling, 39-40, 49-50, 53 data management, 22, 23 decision support systems, 41-42 fertilizer, 55, 58-59 forestry, 56 geographic scales of application, 19-26 heterogeneity, 44 intellectual property issues, 108 landscape analysis, 23 methodology, 96 103 pest control, 60-61 subfield management, 21, 41-42 regional, 7, 23-25, 61, 62, 111-112 remote sensing, 22, 36-38, 48 sampling strategies, 97 soil and crop variability, 54, 113, 114 grid sampling, 58-59, 66, 100, 113 standards, 99 subfield management, 21, 41-42, 49, 50, 62, 73, 97, 101, 111 variable-rate technologies, 32-34 weather, 61 yield monitors, 22, 31 see also Georeferencing; Global Positioning System; Maps and mapping Spectroscopy, 37 soil and crop variability, 54 see also Infrared sensing Standards, 7-8, 10, 97-99, 113, 114, 118 agricultural machinery, 98 data collection/processing, 7-8, 10, 97-98, 114, 118 diffusion of technology, 7-8, 10, 97-98 environmental, 98 ISO 8211, 98, 99 public sector role, 97-99, 118 spatial dimension, 99 telecommunications, 99 State and local agencies CIMIS, 23-25, 66, 68 Cooperative Soil Survey, 9, 10, 112, 113 Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, 91 data processing and transfer, 11 land grant universities, 3, 9, 71, 91, 101, 104-105 state agricultural experiment stations, 92, 94, 95, 99 telecommunications regulation, 107 Statistics multivariate, 48-51, 100, 103 regression analysis, 100, 103 stochastic processes, 49-50 see also Data collection and processing; Data ownership and privacy; Geostatistics Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act, 95 Stochastic processes, 49-50 Subfield dimension, 50, 97, 111 agricultural inputs, general, 73, 101 cost factors, 21 fertilizers, 73, 101 pest control, 21, 41-42 plant diseases, 21 soils, 21, 49, 101 weather, 21, 49-50 Systems approach, general, 48-49, 100, 101 T Technical assistance Cooperative Soil Survey, 10

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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: Geospatial and Information Technologies in Crop Management crop consultants, diffusion of technology, 69, 71-72, 77-79 (passim), 83 education, 104 pests control, 42 profile of, 26-27 see also Agricultural extension services Technology diffusion, 5, 13, 66-89, 90, 119 crop consultants, 69, 71-72, 77-79 (passim), 83 cost factors, 67, 68-69, 70-72 data ownership and privacy, 6, 7, 10, 92 data sharing, 7, 9, 11, 13, 22, 87-88, 99-100, 103, 106 marketing, 69 private sector role, 90, 91-92 public sector role, 90-92, 100-101 standards, 7-8, 10, 97-98 Telecommunications, 11, 13, 106-108 agricultural extension services, 11, 107 private investment, 106-107 public sector role, 106-108 remote sensing, local access, 108 spatial scales and, 20 standards, 99 rural development, 11, 13, 106-108 weather data, 62 see also California Irrigation Management Information System; Internet Telecommunications Deregulation Act of 1996, 11, 107 Temporal dimension, 17 crop production modeling, 40, 49-50 fertilizer, 55 management factors, general, 51 pesticides, 60-61 seasonal factors, 48, 50 weather, 61 see also Harvest; Seasonal factors Topography, 67 Training, see Education and training Turnkey systems, software, 78 U USDA, see Department of Agriculture V Variable-rate technology, 32-34, 38, 59, 65-66, 73, 76, 86-87, 9798 cost, 33-34 fertilizers, 33, 65-66, 76 irrigation, 33 mapping, 32, 33 real-time processing, 32-33 remote sensing, 32, 33 soils, 32 spatial dimension, 32-34 Vegetable yield, 31 Vegetables, 77 Vegetation indexes, 32, 36, 46-48 VRT, see Variable rate technology W Weather, 5, 17, 20, 37, 61-63, 67 CIMIS, 23-25, 66, 68 decision support systems, 61 Doppler radar, 61-62 evapotranspiration, 23, 24-25, 36, 39 forestry, 56-57 humidity, 62-63 precipitation, 62 real-time processing, 20, 62 satellites, 61-62, 115 stochastic factor, 49-50 subfield management, 21, 49-50 weather data, 11, 23-25, 66, 68, 107 Weed management, 60 decision support systems, 41-42 machinery costs, 80-81 mapping, 42, 53 plant population data, 53 scouting, 16, 83 see also Herbicides WeedSOFT, 42, 43 Y Yield mapping systems, 31, 38, 45, 49, 53, 63, 66, 115 fertilizers, 55 Yield monitors, 22, 31, 38, 66, 78, 100, 115

Representative terms from entire chapter:

public sector