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Flight to the Future: Human Factors in Air Traffic Control
hundreds of airport towers, the Air Traffic Control System Command Center, and flight service stations located throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Air Traffic Services formulates plans and requirements for future air traffic control operations and evaluates and analyzes current operations. Encompassing both air traffic control and airway facilities activities, Air Traffic Services is responsible for requirements; system management; rules and procedures; national airspace system operations, transitions, and implementation; resource management; logistics; flight inspection programs; and airspace capacity planning.
The Research and Acquisition organization is responsible for the development of communications, navigation, and surveillance systems; system architecture; aviation research; research and development performed at the FAA Technical Center; and all technology acquisitions.
The Regulation and Certification organization is responsible for aircraft certification, flight standards, rule making, aviation medicine, and accident investigation.
The Airports organization is responsible for airport planning and airport safety.
The Civil Aviation Security organization is responsible for security operations and planning and for civil aviation security intelligence.
The Administration organization is responsible for agency human resources, budgeting, and accounting, as well as for the FAA's Aeronautical Center and for administrative functions at the nine FAA regions.
Regional administrators at the nine regions are responsible for the administrative functions of the multiple facilities in their regions. Regional administrators report to the Administration organization at FAA headquarters; they do not have line authority over the regional division managers for Air Traffic, Airway Facilities, Airports, or Civil Aviation Security, who report directly to their respective associate administrator or director at headquarters. Thus, the director of Air Traffic Services directly supervises the regional division manager for Air Traffic (FAA order 1100.148B).
This chain of responsibility and authority continues through the area level, at which air traffic managers, reporting to their respective regional division managers, are responsible for the day-to-day operations of an assigned group of air traffic control facilities. Air traffic managers are supported when necessary by assistant managers, area managers, and area supervisors, to whom air traffic controllers report (FAA order 1100.126F, April 13, 1990; FAA order 1100.5C, February 6, 1989).
Air traffic control services are provided at three types of facilities:
Terminals, including tower and TRACON controllers,
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