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RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL
November 76, 1895-September 17, 1971
BY CHARLES A. ANDERSON
RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL had an outstanding career in the earth
sciences. He began with undergraduate work in forestry
and vertebrate paleontology, followed by graduate studies in
petrography and structural geology at the same time that he was
teaching elementary geography. His subsequent professional
activities ranged from work in climatology and geomorphology
to the careful examination of the Mississippi River Delta and
worldwide beach studies. He had the honor of serving as presi-
dent of the Association of American Geographers (1948) and of
the Geological Society of America (1957~. He was a member
of the faculty of Louisiana State University for forty-three
years, dean of the Graduate School for thirteen years, and
founder and director for seventeen years of the Coastal Studies
Institute.
Richard was proud of his Scottish ancestry; it could be traced
back to Robert Russell, one of the early settlers in New England
and the first person to be buried in the old "South" cemetery at
Andover, Massachusetts. Richard's grandfather, Joel Russell,
sailed from Bangor, Maine, landing in San Francisco on Janu-
ary 4, 1850. After two years of gold mining in northern Cali-
fornia, he obtained land on San Francisco Bay near Hayward
and became a Superior Court judge in Alameda County.
Richard's grandmother, Carrie Bartlett, came from Old Town,
369
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370
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Maine, by way of Panama to teach Latin in an elementary
school near Hayward. Richard's father, Frederick James, was
born on August 7, 1867.
Richard's maternal grandmother, Martha Brennan, a widow
with three daughters, sailed from New England in 1870 via
Panama to San Francisco to marry a childhood sweetheart
named Morril, and the family home was established in Alameda.
The youngest daughter, Nellie Potter Morril, was the mother of
Richard Joel Russell, who was born in Hayward, California,
November 16, 1895.
Richard's father had graduated from Hastings College of
Law but he always considered that his mother had forced him
into a disdainful career. Because Richard's mother had a strong
desire to move away from a domineering mother-in-law, the
family had an auction of personal effects in early 1899, and
arranged a passage to Honolulu on a three-masted schooner.
The father obtained a temporary job in the Customs House,
but was soon given a desk in a law office. Being an excellent
linguist, he quickly mastered Cantonese and acquired a large
share of the Chinese law practice in the Hawaiian Islands. On
the death of his mother in 1902, Frederick Russell returned to
the Hayward area in order to assume responsibility of handling
his share of the estate.
Richard's early education was not orthodox. Two years
were spent at Punahou kindergarten rather than in grammar
school because his mother admired the teachers. On the return
to California, Richard was enrolled in a private school in Oak-
land, California, where he was taught a little German. The
next experiment was enrollment in Dixon's Business College,
where at the age of nine, he learned to write Gregg shorthand
and mastered the touch system on a Smith Premier typewriter.
The next move was to Alameda because his mother knew the
second-grade teacher. He spent a few days in that grade and
within a month was active in the fifth grade. The next move
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RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL
371
was back to Hayward where his mother knew the sixth grade
teacher. From then through high school, his education became
more regular.
By the time Richard had reached the eighth grade, the
family moved to the "ranch," the original land acquired by his
grandfather. Richard had the responsibility of breaking the
ranch horses, both to saddle and harness, and he rode horse-
back to school as well as to many camp sites. Other farm chores
involved milking cows, which were acquired in growing num-
bers and left little time for school until his father hired a Swiss
milker. About this time, his father began to acquire auto-
mobiles; but Richard's first love was a rubber-tired buggy and
Ruby, a Thoroughbred of Stanford stock. By the time Richard
was fifteen years old, he had learned to drive an automobile
and later won a county fair dirt track race, in which he averaged
sixty miles per hour for twenty-five miles.
Hayward High School with an enrollment of about one
hundred students and a staff of five teachers, offered a classical
education. The athletic program was so small that Richard
served as track captain for four years and won letters each year
in football (rugby). In addition to ranch chores, athletic ac-
tivities, and studies, Richard built up a business as a professional
photographer, handling all of the commercial work for Hay-
ward's three drug stores and taking pictures of houses for rent
or sale by real estate agents. Income from this activity as well
as from available temporary jobs permitted him to carry on
experiments in color photography.
At the completion of high school in 1914, Russell had no
desire to enroll in college. Instead, he spent about a year
working in lumber yards where he designed small structures
such as barns and chicken houses, made step ladders and base-
ball bats, and replaced window panes. While on a hunting trip
in the Coast Ranges, a forest supervisor aroused Richard's
interest for an outdoor career in forestry, which resulted in
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372
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
his enrollment in the College of Agriculture at the University
of California (Berkeley) in 1915. In his sophomore year he
took a required course in geology that stimulated him to take
additional geology courses with the reluctant permission of his
advisor in forestry.
Richard, one of the earliest students to be drafted for service
in World War I, was discharged immediately for physical disa-
bility; he had a crooked left arm that had resulted from a
compound fracture of the elbow that had been set incorrectly.
After futile attempts to enlist in several military units, he was
finally accepted in the naval reserve, where he was trained as a
gunner's mate for assignment in the Merchant Marine. Although
no openings were immediately available, he was finally accepted
in the officer's class and commissioned ensign to teach seaman-
ship and gunnery.
At the conclusion of World War I, Richard returned to the
University of California, selected vertebrate paleontology as a
major under John C. Merriam, and graduated with honors in
1920. In the summers of 1919 and 1920, he accompanied
Chester Stock in collecting vertebrate fossils in Nevada and
Oregon. After graduation, he had a choice of a graduate teach-
ing fellowship in geography or in geology: He accepted the
former because it involved only five quiz sections per week; the
geology fellowship involved fifteen hours a week with the class
in mineralogy. During the first year of Richard's teaching fel-
lowship in geography, Professor Ruliff S. Holway became in-
capacitated and Richard had to take part of Holway's teaching
assignments. He had taken almost no courses in geography and
he had to learn as he taught. In 1923, Carl O. Saner succeeded
Professor Holway and Richard was advanced to the rank of
Associate. He instructed large classes in elementary geography
as well as a course in the geography of California and various
courses in geomorphology. In 1920, John C. Merriam became
president of the Carnegie Institution and Richard changed his
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RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL
373
major to petrography and structural geology under George D.
Louderback. In 1926 he completed his Ph.D. thesis, "Basin
Range Structure and Stratigraphy of the Warner Range, North-
eastern California."
Richard Russell had definite convictions that new Ph.D.'s
should not remain on the faculty of their alma mater; thus, in
1926, he accepted the position of Associate Professor of Geology
at Texas Technological College at Lubbock. There he found
that his personal library was larder than the school's geologic
1 _ ~ ~ _1 . ~ . ~ · ~ · · -
~ a'
My Thou ~~ ~~s research acres were curtailed by a heavy
teaching load. On the positive side, he found plant leaves and
vertebrate teeth in nearby Permian and Triassic beds and he
encouraged one of his able students to study paleobotany. He
found the Carlsbad Caverns a fascinating place for neological
~ u ~ ~ , . . 1 i_ 1 ~ ~_ ~ —
~ _ _, ~ ~ ^,, .
v, alla trips lo tne Colorado Kockles sparked an in-
terest in nivation and solifluction. Because his "Climates of
California" ( 1926) had attracted considerable favorable com-
ment, he used much of his spare time in Lubbock to compile
the "Dry Climates of the United States"
__ 1_ ~ 1 ~ r ~ · .
(193 1), which em-
~=u '~-~que~;y or median values as more significant than
classification based on averages.
Henry V. Howe, an old friend during graduate school days
at Berkeley, had started a department of geology at Louisiana
State University in 1922 and he persuaded the LSU administra-
tion that Russell was needed to develop the field of geography.
Richard was delighted at this opportunity, and in September
1928, he arrived in Baton Rouge where he spent the remainder
of his professional career. Although he had many invitations to
consider transfer to other institutions, he was supremely happy
at LSU. He and Howe made a remarkable team and together
built a major school of geology and geography. They were
particularly proud of the modern university library that grew
from two hundred thousand to well over one million volumes.
Richard was gratified with the growth of the Department of
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374
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Geography, particularly in graduate studies and research. The
establishment of the Louisiana Department of Conservation
with its series of geology bulletins provided publication facilities
for many of the studies of the Mississippi River Delta. Richard
enjoyed the interdepartmental freedom at LSU; one could be a
professor of geography yet teach structural geology and serve as
a major professor for doctoral candidates in either geology or
geography. Furthermore, research support was generous and
the physical facilities excellent.
Russell's introduction to land forms was at Hayward High
School where he had a course in physical geography based on
a textbook written by William Morris Davis, and his first class
in geography at Berkeley was strictly Davisian physiography.
When Richard was a teaching assistant in geography in 1921,
he selected the Donaldsonville, Louisiana, quadrangle as an
example of "old age" topography, produced after the mountains
and hills had worn away and the river wandered aimlessly on
its floodplain. In 1925, Richard participated in a seminar
given by Davis at Berkeley, and he became very critical of the
Davisian methods of explanatory description of land forms
based on superficial observations that were subjected to deduc-
tive methods. In Russell's fieldwork in the Warner Range, he
used deductive methods during his first field trips but found
that the fundamental structural features of the range history
came as the result of good honest inductive study. This was
not surprising as Russell was a protege of George D. Louder-
back who counseled his students to keep open minds and to
collect field data diligently before arriving at final conclusions.
Carl 0. Saner had appreciable influence on Richard in empha-
sizing that points of view slivering from those of Davis must be
considered; in the summer of 1928 Russell participated with
Albrecht Penck in field trips to many parts of California with
particular emphasis on alpine land forms in the Sierra Nevada.
That same summer, Richard met Davis again in Berkeley, and
OCR for page 375
RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL
375
he later admitted that Davis did have a clear head and keen
mind, but that the Davis methods of deduction were like chess—
worthwhile, if one enjoys it.
After Russell moved to Louisiana, Davis asked him to
"try and find out why the Mississippi River follows such a
straight course below New Orleans." In later years, Richard
reminisced that this request from an old friend was an impor-
tant reason for starting serious studies on the floodplain and
delta of the lower Mississippi River. The fact that Davis asked
this specific question illustrated that even though he was old
in years, he posed interesting and imaginative problems—and
yearned for their solutions. It was some years later that the
question was answered ""Aspects of Alluvial Morphology"
(1957~] when subsurface data of the lower delta were available.
The Mississippi River is comparatively straight below New
Orleans because the channel is fixed in clay that was deposited
ahead of an earlier delta some 4000 years ago; the present
Mississippi River has been unable to scour its bed and therefore
does not meander.
Russell's first paper described horizontal offsets along the
Hayward fault, which was cited thirty years later in the U.S.
Geological Survey's publication covering the Hayward quad-
rangle. (Richard was delighted to note that he could identify
the house where he was born on the geologic map.) Many of
his early papers dealt with climatology and, much to his sur-
prise, these contributions were read widely. In 1931, while at-
tending the International Geographical Congress in Paris, he
discovered that he was considered a famous climatologist.
Russell had written these papers more as a pleasant hobby in-
volving little effort, but in five successive years he was offered a
senior chair of climatology in the United States. He wanted to
be a geomorphologist and did not believe he was prepared to
accept a chair in his hobby field. In contrast, he was disap-
pointed that little attention seemed to have been given to his
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376
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
early contributions to geomorphology; in 1937, however, he was
given the first Wallace A. Atwood Award by the Association of
American Geographers because of the publication of the
"Physiography of the Lower Mississippi River Delta" (1936~.
This scholarly and comprehensive report clearly established
Russell as one of the leading geomorphologists in America.
In 1928 serious geologic studies of the Mississippi River
Delta were made possible by the availability of new topographic
quadrangle maps and aerial photographs. At first the delta
seemed flat and uninteresting to Richard after field studies in
California and the Great Basin. In 1929, Fred Kniffen came to
Louisiana State University from the University of California
(Berkeley) with an excellent background in anthropology and
,eomorphology, and he and Russell started searching the
swamps and coastal waters for Indian artifacts to establish dates.
One memorable trip involved a visit to Larto Lake in central
Louisiana, resulting in the proposal that this lake was a remnant
channel of the Mississippi River miles from its present location.
"Physiography of the Lower Mississippi River Delta" was
one of several contributions on delta studies published by the
Louisiana Department of Conservation in which a combination
of geomorphological, archeological and botanical reports were
combined in a single bulletin. Russell's discussion in the 1936
publication emphasized the concept that the weight of the sedi-
mentary deposits of successive deltas caused local downwarping
of the earth's crust, thus developing a geosyncline. The physi-
ography of the delta is characterized by dominant natural levees
that form the high land; the gentle slopes of the natural levees
lead away from the river to marshes, swamps, and open waters.
Upstream, the floodplains have tributaries; downstream, the
deltas have distributaries and abandoned channels that have
been downtilted in the direction of the distal parts of old deltas.
Meanders are present only on the floodplains where the chan-
nels encounter material deposited during the same cycle of
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RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL
377
alleviation and where the banks are lined by natural levees.
He emphasized that the bottoms of large lakes are uniformly
hard sand whereas those of small lakes are silty or cozy.
During the 1930s when petroleum resources of Louisiana
required new appraisals of property values, remote and hardly
used swamp and marshlands suddenly became valuable and
questions arose about ownership. The state had title to navi-
~able waterways as of the date of its admittance to the Union
in 1812, and-many titles hinged on the boundaries of water
bodies at that time. Russell's noneconomic fieldwork in alluvial
morphology focussed attention on him as having the best back-
ground to serve as an expert witness in the various land-title
lawsuits. He and Henry Howe presented evidence that won
state title to extensive waterbodies in southwestern Louisiana.
One by-product of this activity was the addition of the term
"chenier" (ridge of sand) to the terminology of geomorphology;
it appeared in a geological bulletin (No. 6), published in 1935,
on Cameron and Vermilion parishes. Another was a succession
of other investigations for legal purposes, resulting in fees that
in some years exceeded Russell's university salary.
Russell regarded the field experience in preparation for
the witness stand as a rewarding research career. In order to
establish precise locations for necessary boring, land surveyors
and geologists had to cut trails through the swamps or walk
miles on unstable floating marsh
. . . · . —
In some cases, botanists,
chemists, and other specialists were included in the field parties.
No investigation was undertaken without a preliminary re-
connaissance to determine if the litigant appeared to be scien-
tifically correct, or, if there were refusals, to permit scientific
publication of any data that were obtained. "Louisiana Stream
Patterns" (1939) resulted from such a study.
The work of the Louisiana Geological Survey had the en-
thusiastic support of the petroleum industry, which sponsored
a bill in the state legislature trebling their fee for drilling
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378
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
permits in order to expand the Survey's program. Henry Howe
and Richard Russell felt compelled to refuse this expansion
of their program because of the difficulty in training personnel
to find and interpret geologic evidence in the essentially flat,
deeply weathered, densely vegetated, and deep-soil region of the
Gulf Coast. Harold N. Fisl`, who appeared on the scene in
1935 after receiving his doctoral degree involving volcanic
rocks in the Columbia River region, proved to be an exception.
Within a few months, Fisk was making important discoveries
in central Louisiana and promptly formulated an explanation
of Quaternary deposits that received widespread acceptance. A
close personal association soon developed between Fisk and
Russell, involving work not only in Louisiana but on the
Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee rivers and along the Atlantic
Coastal Plain. Each published a number of papers, separately
as a rule, emphasizing Gulf Coast Quaternary history. A num-
ber of their reports went into the files of the Mississippi River
Commission that dealt with the problems of the levees along the
river.
As Russell pursued his studies of the Quaternary terraces
upstream along the Mississippi River, he became involved with
exposures of loess—homogeneous, unstratified, slightly in-
durated and porous calcareous sedimentary rock composed of
particles of silt size, yellowish or buff in color, that tend to
crop out in vertical faces. Most American geologists favored
the concept that, during the Ice Age, rivers transported to
broad floodplains fine glacial debris, which was picked up by
winds and deposited on or near adjacent bluffs; thus loess is an
eolian.deposit. Richard was convinced that along the central
and southern Mississippi River, the field relations demonstrated
that the parent materials were terrace deposits similar to the
backswamp clays of the Recent Mississippi River; these
weathered to brown loam that crept downslope and accumu-
latec] in valleys or as mantles on the bluffs. The abundant cal-
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RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL
385
superb combinations of plates. He liked to adapt himself com-
pletely to the life in foreign countries and in some of the small
places in Turkey, the natives thought that he was a Turk. When
he was in Indonesia, he broke away from American ties as much as
possible so that he could live like an Indonesian. He became
a member of the Masonic Order while a student at Berkeley and
was affiliated with Phi Kappa Sigma, Gamma Alpha, Phi Sigma,
Sigma Xi, and Phi Kappa Phi. He was very active in Theta Tan,
an engineering fraternity with a chapter at Berkeley limited to
mining engineers and geologists, and he rose through the ranks
to become Grand Regent between 1928 and 1932. He was a
member of the Cosmos Club in Washington, D.C., where he
usually stayed during his many trips to that city; in his spare
moments, he could usually be found at the club playing bil-
liards.
Richard Joel Russell married Mary Dorothy King of Covina,
California, in 1924, and their son, Benjamin James, lives in
Hermosa Beach, California. Dorothy died in Baton Rouge in
1936. Richard married Josephine Burke of Wabash, Indiana, in
1940, and had four sons, Robert Burke of Foley, Alabama,
Charles Douglas of New Orleans, John Walter of Dayton, Ohio,
ant! Thomas William of Montreal, Canada. Richard is survived
by a sister, Helen (Mrs. George W. McCollum), of Oakland,
California.
RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL left extensive biographical data that have
been most helpful in the preparation of this biographical memoir.
Correspondence from Russell, largely written from Lubbock, Texas,
was loaned by A. O. Woodford, and William R. Thurston provided
information on Russell's contribution to the National Research
Council. The bibliography was assembled by Romaine L. Kupfer
and the staff of the Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State Uni-
vers~ty.
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386
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull. = American Association of Petroleum Geologists
Bulletin
Am. Meteorol. Soc. Bull.—American Meteorological Society Bulletin
Assoc. Am. GeogT. Ann. = Association of American Geographers Annals
C. R. Congr. Int. Gdogr. _ Comptes Rendus du Congrbs International de
Gdographie
C. R. Congr. Int. Gdol. Comptes Rendus du Congrts International de
Gdologie
Coastal Stud. Bull.—Louisiana State University Coastal Studies Bulletin
Coastal Stud. Inst. Tech. Rep. - Louisiana State University Coastal Studies
Institute Technical Report
Geogr. Rev. = Geographical Review
Geol. Sac. Am. Bull. _ Geological Society of America Bulletin
J. Geogr. = Journal of Geography
K. Ned. Aardrijkskd. Genoot. Tijdschr. K. Nederlandsch Aardrijks-
kundig Genootschap, Amsterdam, Tijdschrift
La. Conserv. Rev. = Louisiana Conservation Review
La. Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull. Louisiana Denartment of C~n.~rv~ti~n
Geology Bulletin
.% ~ ~ _% , ~
-r ~ ,^~_^, ~~ ,,
rroc. cont. c;oastai sing. Proceedings, Conference on Coastal Engineering
Univ. Calif. Publ. Geogr. = University of California Publications in
Geography
Z. Geomorphol. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie
1926
Recent horizontal offsets along the Hayward fault. ~ournal of
Geology, 34:507-1
Climates of California.
Univ. Calif. Publ. Geogr., 2:73-84.
1927
Landslide lakes on the northwestern Great Basin. Univ. Calif.
Publ. Geogr., 2:231-54.
The land forms of Surprise Valley, northwestern Great Basin.
Univ. Calif. Publ. Geogr., 2:323-58.
1928
Basin range structure and stratigraphy of the Warner Range, north-
eastern California. University of California Publications in
Geological Sciences, 17: 387-496.
OCR for page 387
RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL
1931
387
Dry climates of the United States. I. Climatic map. Univ. Calif.
Publ. Geogr., 5: 1-41.
Geomorphological evidence of a climatic boundary. Science, 74:
484-85.
1932
Dry climates of the United States. II. Frequency of dry and desert
years 1901-20. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geogr., 5:245-74.
Significance of Baer's law. Science, 75:584-85.
Land forms of San Gorgonio Pass, southern California. Univ. Calif.
Publ. Geogr., 6:23-121.
1933
Fixing the facts of climatic distribution. I. Geogr., 32:164-70.
Zachary, Louisiana, tornado of March 31, 1933. Am. Meteorol.
Soc. Bull., 14: 126-31.
Hailstorm of April 20, 1933, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Am.
Meteorol. Soc. Bull., 14:177-78.
Alpine land forms of western United States.
44:927-50.
Larto Lake, an old Mississippi River channel.
3:18-21, 46.
1934
Climatic years.
With R. D. Russell. Dust storm of April 12, 1934, Baton Rouge,
La. Monthly Weather Review, 62: 162-63.
Geogr. Rev., 24:92-103.
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,
La. Conserv. Rev..
1935
With H. V. Howe. Cheniers of southwestern Lou
Rev., 25 :449-61.
Earthquakes. Proceedings, Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 2:1-7.
With H. V. Howe and I. H. McGuirt. Physiography of coastal
southwest Louisiana. In: Reports on the geology of Cameron
and Vermilion parishes. La. Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull., 6:1-72.
isiana. Geogr.
OCR for page 388
388
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1936
The desert-rainfall factor in denudation. C. R. Congr. Int. Geol.
(16th, Washington, D.C., 1933), 2:753-63.
Physiography of the lower Mississippi River Delta.
In: Reports on
the geology of Plaquemines and St. Bernard parishes. La. Dep.
Conserv. Geol. Bull., 8: 3-193.
With C. F. Dohm. Bibliography. In: Reports on the geology of
Plaquemines and St. Bernard parishes. La. Dep. Conserv. Geol.
Bull., 8: 279-320.
Suggestions Concerning Desirable Lines of Research in Geology and
Geogra phy. Special Publication, National Research Council,
pp. 49-50. Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences.
Climatology of Brown's hypothesis on origin of Gulf border salt
deposits. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 20:821-24.
1938
Physiography of Iberville and Ascension parishes. In: Reports on
the geology of Iberville and Ascension parishes. La. Dep. Con-
serv. Geol. Bull., 13:3-86.
Quaternary surfaces in Louisiana. C. R. Congr. Int. Geogr. (15th,
Amsterdam, 1938), 2 (sec. F):406-12.
Suggestions on Geographic Classification of Surface Configuration.
Annual Report for 1937-1938, National Research Council, Re-
port of Division on Geology and Geography, Appendix N. pp.
3-4.
1939
Louisiana and the Ice Age.
With R. D. Russell. Mississippi River Delta sedimentation. In:
Recent Marine Sediments, ed. by P. D. Trask, pp. 153-77. Tulsa,
American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Morphologie des Mississippideltas. Geographische Zeitschrift, 45:
281-93.
Louisiana stream patterns. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 23:1199-
1227.
La. Conserv. Rev., 8:14-16, 18.
1940
Impressions of the Soviet Union. The Gear of Theta Tan, 29~2~:
22-27.
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RICHARD JOEL RUSSELL
389
Quaternary history of Louisiana. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 51:1199-
1234.
Gulf Coast geosyncline: America's great petroleum reserve. C. R.
Congr. Int. Geol. (17th, Moscow, 1937), 4:255-57; also in Russian,
pp. 269-72.
1941
Modern channels of the Mississippi River. Oil, 1:28-30, 44, 52.
Climatic change through the ages. In: Climate and Man, pp. 67-97,
1941 Yearbook of Agriculture. Washington, D.C., U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture.
1942
With Harold N. Fisk. Isostatic effects of Mississippi River Delta
sedimentation. International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
General Assembly (fitly, Washington, 1939), Appendix III, pp.
56-59.
Geomorphology of the Rhone Delta. Assoc. Am. Geogr. Ann., 32:
149-254; re-issued in Bobbs-Merrill Geography Reprint Series
as G-l99.
Flotant. Geogr. Rev., 32:74-98.
1943
Freeze-and-thaw frequencies in the United States.
physical Union Transactions, 24:125-33.
1944
Lower Mississippi Valley loess.
American Geo-
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 55:1-40.
Origin of loess Reply. American journal of Science, 242:447-50.
The Mississippi River. Baton Rouge, State Department of Educa-
tion. 120 pp.
1945
Climates of Texas. Assoc. Am. Geogr. Ann., 35:37-52.
Post-war geography. l. Geogr., 44:301-12.
1946
A Geograf~a de Apos-Guerra.
44-50.
Boletin Geografico (Brazil), 4~37~:
Climatic transitions and contrasts. In: The Pacific Coast Ranges,
ed. by R. Peattie, pp. 357-79. New York, Vanguard Press Inc.
OCR for page 390
390
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1947
Sierra climate. In: The Sierra Nevada, ed. by R. Peattie, pp. 323-
40. New York, Vanguard Press Inc.
1948
Coast of Louisiana. Societe beige de Geologie, Paleontologie, et
d'Hydrologie (Brussels) Bulletin, 57:380-94.
1949
Geographical geomorphology.
Geogr. Ann., 39:1-11.
(Presidential address) Assoc. Am.
1950
the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary in Louisiana. C. R. Congr.
Int. Geol. (18th, London, 1948), part 9, pp. 94-96.
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1969
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
joel russell
