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JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON,
September 29, 1903 -February 5, 1973
BY HARRIS B SHUMACKER, JR.
JR.
TOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON TR or lack, as he was generally
JO known, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on Sep-
tember 29, 1903. His mother was Mrs. Marjorie Young Gib-
bon ant! his father John Heysham Gibbon, a distinguished,
nationally recognized surgeon and professor of surgery at
the Jefferson Medical College. His family background is of
unusual interest and was uncloubtedly of considerable im-
· -
portance 1n 11S career.
The first of the Gibbons arrived in Philadelphia from
Wiltshire, EnglancI in 1684 and, as Jack's sister Marjorie
says, were named prophetically John and Margery. Jack's
great-great-grandfather, John Hannum Gibbons, born in
Chester County, Pennsylvania and educated in medicine in
Edinburgh, was the first American doctor in the direct line of
five down to Jack. His son, the first John Heysham Gibbon,
born in 1795, dropped the s, ant! the name remained Gibbon
thereafter. Though he graduatecl in medicine from the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, he never practiced; instead he be-
came a prominent mineralogist and in IS34 was appointed
assayer of the U.S. Mint at Charlotte, North Carolina. His
* All quotations except those cited specifically as from other sources are from a
carefully prepared, delightful family history written for me by Marjorie Battles
during the winter of 1979.
213
OCR for page 214
214
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
second] son, Robert, became a practicing physician, as clic!
Robert's two sons, laces father and uncle. In acIdition,
through Dr. Gibbon, Sr.'s grandmother, Jack had a great-
great-great-grancifather who was also a doctor, John
Lardner, "Physician of London." A nephew still carries the
Gibbon name on in the profession. The family can be proud,
indeed, of the heritage of medical service that reached such
heights in the accomplishments of John H. Gibbon, Jr.
The only grandparent alive during ~ack's life was his ma-
ternal grandfather, Samuel B. M. Young, one of our truly
outstanding military figures. Born of a prominent Pittsburgh
family in 1840, he volunteered upon the outbreak of the Civil
War. His promotions from the time of his enlistment in April
IS6l, from private through the ranks to brigadier general,
came about with unbelievable rapidity, within a period of
only four years. Following service in Cuba during the war
with Spain, he was made a major general and later a lieuten-
ant general. Perhaps the most important post he held was
that of the first presidency of the War College in ~ 902. At the
time of his retirement, the Secretary of War, Elihu Root,
stated "There can be no better wish for the Army in the
future than that its officers shall remember how distinction
and the highest rank have come to this officer, not as a result
of self-seeking or political or social influence, but as the result
of duty well done."*
This unusual stan(lard of military achievement was up-
held by General Young's son, John, and his grandson, Jack,
and the lifetime achievements of both, like his, resulted from
their own efforts and not from "influence." ~ack's father
served both in the Spanish-American War and in WorIc! War
I, cluring which his assignments included those of consultant
in surgery to the American Expeditionary Forces and, ul-
*New York Herald Tribune, 2 Sept. 1924.
OCR for page 215
JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR.
215
timately, surgical consultant to the American hospitals in
England.
Early during World War II, lack, too, volunteerecT for
military duty, thus interrupting his practice, teaching, and, of
even more significance, his research activities. Invalided
home with a herniated disc after he served with ctistinction in
the Pacific with the Pennsylvania Hospital Unit, he took over
direction of the surgical service at the Mayo General Hospital
in 1945, a post he kept until his discharge at the end of that
year.
Jack's father, John Gibbon, Sr., was born in Charlotte,
North Carolina in 1871. Following his education in prepara-
tory schools, he attenclecT the Jefferson Medical College, from
which he graduated in IS91. He remained closely associates!
with this institution as well as with the Pennsylvania Hospital
through his active years. He was a clevoted teacher; a kindly,
sympathetic practitioner; and a gentle, careful, skillful opera-
tor. He contributed significantly to the clinical surgical litera-
ture but, unlike his son, he cTid no experimental laboratory
research.- He was honored by being maple an officer of a
number of professional societies and became first secretary
and then president of the American Surgical Association.
In ~ 90 ~ in San Francisco he married Miss Marjorie
Young, whom he had met cluring the Spanish War at ~effer-
son Barracks, Missouri. She was one of the "five beautiful
Young sisters," daughters of General Young and his wife,
Margaret McFadden Young. The new Mrs. Gibbon had been
eclucatec! in various places according to the location of her
father's military assignments. She had a creep love of books
and poetry and never stopped reacting. It is probable that
lack inherited his fondness for poetry from her. Her experi-
ences were broadened by a year abroad when, following the
death of her mother and the marriage of her three oIcler
sisters at the turn of the century, she took her ten-year-old
OCR for page 216
216
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
sister to Dresden for a year of study. Full of wit, affection,
anc! corctiality, she made for herself a warm and stimulating
place among the family's Philadelphia friencls, though she
often told her chilciren amusing tales of what some of the
local people had expected of the "Western Bride."
Jack and his brothers and sister grew up in a happy house-
hold, living in Philadelphia during the winter and in summer
near Media on beautiful Lynfielcl Farm, which lack was to
inherit upon his parents' death. It must have been a busy
home, with many visitors who often stayed weeks at a time,
including "army cousins fattening for West Point, southern
cousins coming up for their Philadelphia dental appoint-
ments, a White Russian refugee, and a homesick Louisiana
bride whom mother had met on a commuter train."
Jack was eighteen months younger than Marjorie, eigh-
teen months older than Sam, and four and a half years oicler
than Robert. He was athletic, very competitive, and at times
exhibited an "explosive temper." Excelling his brothers ant!
friends in almost all sports, he was finally overtaken by them
in horsemanship. One of the favorite pastimes of the family
was chess, a game often begun before dinner, continuer! be-
tween courses, and usually terminated with Jack the winner.
This game was one for which his love was never lost. He had
great affection ant! admiration for his parents and enjoyed
long talks with his father, whose devotion to his profession
and receptiveness to new ideas Jack valued highly. Their
major differences lay in the field of politics, his liberalism
standing far apart from his father's conservatism. Both par-
ents died in 1956 within a week of one another.
lack attended the Penn Charter School in Philadelphia,
where he was an excellent student. Marjorie says that he
returned from summer camp in 1919, just before entering
Princeton, an entirely changed person, in large measure
because of one of his counselors, Jim Landis, who was later to
become the first chairman of SEC. Though he had always
OCR for page 217
JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR. 217
been studious, he was now literally "afire" with intellectual
interests, teen about literature and philosophy. At the end of
his sophomore year, he joined Marjorie, who was taking
courses at the Sorbonne, for a summer in Europe. They
wanclerecT about free and unrestrained, Jack going along with
her "gung-ho" interest in French history, but spending all his
spare time reacting William James's Varieties of Religious Expe-
rience. He talkect of going to medical school in Edinburgh and
of her keeping house there for the two of them. Instead, he
returned to Princeton. These first years at Princeton were not
entirely happy ones, since he felt too young ant! immature for
real companionship with his classmates, having entered be-
fore his sixteenth birthday. A great deal of his time was spent
reading and studying. He gracluatec3 in 1923 at nineteen.
Towards the ens! of his first year in the Jefferson Medical
College, Jack consiclered quitting, thinking that something
else, perhaps writing, might prove more to his taste. His
father made a very strong case for the continuation of his
professional education, telling him, "If you clon't want to
practice you needn't, but you won't write worse for having it."
He received his medical degree in 1927.
Though Jack has said anc! written that his interest in re-
search was stimulated during his internship at the PennsyI-
vania Hospital, Marjorie feels that the investigative scientific
spirit may have been with him since early childhood. As an
example, according to one of their mother's stories, she was
walking down the street one clay holding his little hand when
she found that her progress was sIowect by his pausing to
wave his foot over the curb. She asked, "Jack, what are you
cloing?" He answered "Well, Mother, if God is everywhere
and you can't see Him and you can't hear Him, why can't you
fee! Him?"
His interest in medical experimentation, however, was
first aroused by Dr. Joseph Hayman's clinical studies. Dr.
Hayman was looking into the effects of potassium chloride
OCR for page 218
218
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
versus sodium chloride in the diet of a severe hypertensive;
the patient was unaware of which of the two salts he was
served. While taking blood pressures at intervals, lack came
to the exciting realization that contributions of new knowI-
edge could be forthcoming from controller! experimentation.
It is interesting that his initial stimulus came from a physi-
cian, in view of the hopes of surgeons that their specialty
shouIc! be comprised of good physicians who have as their
primary therapeutic modality the special capability of operat-
ing. This objective certainly underlay Jack Gibbon's profes-
sional life. Similarly, the obvious conviction that the best
management of surgical disorders requires good basic scien-
tific understanding of them makes his early and continuing
interest in physiological and biochemical matters of real sig-
nificance. It is probably meaningful that during the period
from 1930 to 1933, only one of his nine publications ap-
peared in a surgical periodical; the remainder were pub-
lished in such journals as the American Journal of Medical Sci-
ence, the journal of Clinical Investigation, the Proceedings of the
Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, and the Archives of
Internal Medicine
He consulted his father's partner, John B. Flick, surgeon of
the Pennsylvania Hospital, concerning the possibility of a
career that would ultimately combine research ant! surgery.
John Flick not only assured him that the two were perfectly
compatible, but made the fortunate suggestion that he apply
for a research fellowship with Dr. Edward B. Churchill at the
Harvard Medical School. Jack realized that this would permit
him both to find out whether he hac! any capability for re-
search and whether he liked it. His father offered no objec-
tions, provided he continue to recognize the value of bal-
ancing research with surgical experience.
He received the appointment and began working with
Churchill in February of 1930 in a small laboratory in the
OCR for page 219
JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR.
219
Gate House of the Boston City Hospital. His preceptor sug-
gested that his first research effort be a study of the relation-
ship between pulmonary artery pressure and Hood flow in
experimentally procluced pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas.
Stimulatect by this project, he proceeded to undertake a
number of other investigations that dealt with pulmonary
circulation and cardiac function.
A few months after his arrival in Boston, Churchill suc-
ceeded to the codirectorship of the West Surgical Service at
the Massachusetts General Hospital and moved the labora-
tory to the top floor of the Bullfinch Building. It was in this
institution in February of 1931 that lack first conceived the
idea of developing a mechanism for achieving extracorporeal
gaseous exchange ant! temporarily maintaining body circula-
tion. A patient hac! developed massive pulmonary embolism
following a cholecystectomy. She was taken to the operating
room for observation, and Gibbon was assigned the duty of
following vital signs. He was to notify his chief when her
conclition deteriorated to the point where it was felt justifi-
able to undertake pulmonary embolectomy—an exceedingly
risky procedure at that time. This took place early the next
morning and, despite Churchill's well-performed operation,
ended fatally.
Tack described the development of the idea thus:
During that long night, helplessly watching the patient struggle for life as
her blood became darker and her veins more distended, the idea naturally
occurred to me that if it were possible to remove continuously some of the
blue blood from the patient's swollen veins, put oxygen into that blood and
allow carbon dioxide to escape from it, and then to inject continuously the
now-red blood back into the patient's arteries, we might have saved her life.
We would have bypassed the obstructing embolus and performed part of
the work of the patient's heart and lungs outside the body.*
* J. H. Gibbon, Jr., "The Development of the Heart-Lung Apparatus," Review of
Surgery, 27 ( 1970): 23 1-44.
OCR for page 220
220
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
The conception of what was to prove his life's principal
work was only one of two important events of that year in
Boston. The other was his marriage to his constant helper in
the laboratory, Churchill's technician Mary Hopkinson, af-
fectionately known as Maly, daughter of Charles Hopkinson,
one of America's greatest portraitists. It is an extraordinary
coincidence that both Jack and his father should have mar-
riecl one of five sisters.
In the spring of 193 ~ the couple returned to Philadelphia.
During the next three ant! a half years, the mornings were
spent practicing surgery and the afternoons working upon a
variety of research problems in the laboratories of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania's School of Medicine. This period
confirmed John Flick's early judgment that it was feasible to
combine clinical surgery with research. Though unable to
pursue the idea that had captivated his imagination in
Boston, Jack was fortunate in many ways. Of particular value
were his research opportunities and close association with
Eugene M. Landis, who later became professor of physiology
at Harvard. A number of important contributions were
forthcoming, many carrier! out conjointly with his wife.
The idea of developing an apparatus for cardiopulmo-
nary bypass remained continuously and vividly in the back of
his mincl. When he asked Churchill for another year's oppor-
tunity to work with him, he was not only awarcled a fellow-
ship, but was told that Maly might have a position as his
technical assistant. The research plan he hac! in mind dill not
by any means meet with universal approval. As a matter of
fact, Churchill himself was not enthusiastic though he ctict not
object to its being undertaken. Others, thinking more of his
potential academic career, aclvised him to embark upon less
ambitious projects and ones more likely to result in publica-
tions in the medical literature. An exception was his friend
Eugene Landis, who was particularly helpful and juciged that
OCR for page 221
JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR.
221
the effort was worth the attempt and might, indeed, prove
successful.
The work was begun and the husband-wife team had a
very rewarding year. During the experiments the bloocT had
to be renderer! noncoagulable and heparin was available as a
suitable agent. The lack of a heparin antagonist at that time
did not prove a serious handicap. The initial arterial inflow
was through the femoral artery and the venous outflow from
a superior vena caval catheter introduced through a jugular
vein. Exclusion of cardiac function was achieved by pulmo-
nary artery occlusion. The first oxygenator was a revolving
cylinder into which the blooct withdrawn from the animal was
introclucec3 tangentially at the top in the direction of rotation
and resulted in a film of blood descending down the inner
surface of the nonwettable metal cylincler. It was collected at
the bottom through a knife-like edge into a stationary cup
that was made of glass ant] surrounded by a jacket through
which warm water could be circulatect to avoid chilling the
animal. A similar water jacket was utilized in another portion
of the circuit and the blood was returned to the animal. The
film of blood was exposed to oxygen and it was determined
that it took up oxygen ant! lost carbon dioxide satisfactorily.
After a while, to their excitement and joy, it proved possible
to sustain the entire cardiorespiratory function of cats for
nearly four hours and to demonstrate that the animals could,
after the extracorporeal device was cliscontinued, maintain
their own cardiac and pulmonary activity. These results were
not reported until ~ 937.
After the year in Boston the Gibbons returned to Phila-
delphia in 1935, and the work was continued in the Harrison
Research Laboratories of the University of Pennsylvania.
Progressively more refined apparatus was developed, and
the experiments went better and better, until by 1939 it was
possible to report that, after periods varying from twelve to
OCR for page 222
222
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
twenty minutes of total substitution of the device for the
function of the heart and lungs, four cats hacl survived in-
clefinitely in healthy condition, and others for varying shorter
periods of time.
Though the initial effort hacI been undertaken with the
hope of managing massive pulmonary embolism better, Jack
perceived shortly after it was begun that it hac! far greater
potentialities. At the time of his report of these studies to the
~ 939 meeting of the American Association for Thoracic
Surgery, he stated modestly: "It is conceivable that a cliseasecI
mitral valve might be exposed to surgical approach under
direct vision and that the fields of cardiac and thoracic sur-
gery might be broadenecl."* The presentation was discussed
by the guest speaker, Professor Clarence Crafoorc! of Stock-
holm, and by Leo Eloesser, who had been president of the
organization the preceding year. Eloesser said that the report
reminded him of the fantastic tales of Jules Verne, which
anticipated seemingly impossible accomplishments that were
later realized.:
During the next few years, further innovations in the
crevice were macle with the idea of supplanting the function
of the heart and lungs of larger animals and, eventually, of
patients. It was at this time that the investigations had to be
stopped because of WorIcl War Il.
Upon Jack's return to Philadelphia after his military ser-
vice, he was given an appointment as assistant professor of
surgery at Pennsylvania; shortly thereafter, early in 1946, he
became director of surgical research at the Jefferson Medical
* J. H. Gibbon, Jr., "The Maintenance of Life During Experimental Occlusion of
the Pulmonary Artery Followed by Survival," Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, 69
(1939): 602-14.
~ Unfortunately, having forgotten momentarily about the rules of the Society,
Jack had already submitted the paper to Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics so that it
could not appear in theJournal of 7horacic Surgery, and the discussions of Crafoord
and Eloesser did not accompany the publication.
OCR for page 237
J[OHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1930
237
With Richard Middleton. The prognostic value of the initial leu-
kocyte and differential count in lobar pneumonia. Am. I. Med.
Sci., 180:31-36.
With Edward D. Churchill. Changes in the pulmonary circulation
induced by experimentally produced arteriovenous f~stula.
Arch. Surg., 21:1188-94.
1931
With Edward D. Churchill. Mechanical influence of the pericar-
dium upon cardiac function. I. Clin. Invest., 10:405-22.
1932
With Mary Hopkinson and Edward D. Churchill. Changes in the
circulation produced by gradual occlusion of the pulmonary
artery. I. Clin. Invest., 11:543-53.
With Eugene M. Landis. Vasodilatation in the lower extremities in
response to immersing the forearms in warm water. I. Clin.
Invest., 11: 1019-36.
1933
With Eugene M. Landis. The effects of temperature and tissue
pressure on the movement of fluid through the human capillary
wall. I. Clin. Invest., 12: 105-38.
With Eugene M. Landis. Effects of alternate suction and pressure
on blood flow to the lower extremities. I. Clin. Invest.,
12:925-61.
With Eugene M. Landis. The effects of alternate suction and pres-
sure on circulation in the lower extremities. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.
Med., 30:593-95.
With Eugene M. Landis. A simple method of producing vasodilata-
tion in the lower extremities, with reference to its usefulness in
studies of peripheral vascular disease. Arch. Intern. Med.,
52:785-808.
1934
Actinomycosis of abdominal wall. Ann. Surg., 99:861-64.
OCR for page 238
238
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With John B. Flick. Pericardiectomy for advanced Pick's disease.
Arch. Surg., 29: 126-37.
1936
With John B Flick Tofu remove Of left 1lintr for r~rrin~m~ Ann
_ ~ ~ .
Surg., 103:130-34.
With Edward D. Churchill. The physiology of massive pulmonary
embolism; experimental study of the changes produced by ob-
struction to the flow of blood through the pulmonary artery and
its lobar branches. Ann. Surg., 104:811 -22.
With John B. Flick. The application of thoracoplasty to the treat-
ment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Pa. Med. J., 39:768-72.
Artificial maintenance of the circulation during experimental oc-
clusion of the pulmonary artery. Arch. Surg., 34:1105-31.
1937
With John B. Flick. Hyperparathyroidism relieved by removal of a
parathyroid tumor. Bull. Ayer Clin. Lab. Pa. Hosp., 3:73-78.
1939
Pulmonary embolism; a review of recent contributions. Pa. Med. J.,
42:877-80.
With Francis C. Grant and Lawrence M. Weinberger. Anoxia of the
central nervous system produced by temporary complete arrest
of circulation. Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc., 65:66-72.
An oxygenator with a large surface-volume ratio. }. Lab. Clin.
Med., 24:1192-98.
The immediate effect of scalenotomy upon the size of apical tuber-
culous cavities. J. Thorac. Surg., 8:633-37.
The maintenance of life during experimental occlusion of the pul-
monary artery followed by survival. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.,
69:602- 14.
With Harold Smith. Blood chemical aids to surgical therapy. Surg.
Clin. North Am., 19: 1583 - 94.
1940
With Lawrence M. Weinberger and Mary H. Gibbon. Temporary
arrest of the circulation to the central nervous system. I. Physi-
ologic effects. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry, 43:615-34.
OCR for page 239
JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR. 239
With Lawrence M. Weinberger and Mary H. Gibbon. Temporary
arrest of the circulation to the central nervous system. II. Patho-
logic effects. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry, 43:961-86.
1941
With Charles W. Kraul. An efficient oxygenator for blood. I. Lab.
Clin. bled., 26: 1803 -9.
With Clare C. Hodge. Aseptic immediate anastomosis following
resection of the colon for carcinoma. Ann. Surg., 114:635 -52.
With Clare C. Hodge. The treatment of minor war injuries. Med.
Clin. North Am., 25: 1829-42.
With Frank F. Allbritten, Jr., and John B. Flick. The use of sulfanil-
amide in partial and total resection of the lung. I. Thorac. Surg.,
11:187-97.
1942
With Mary H. Gibbon and Charles W. Kraul. Experimental pulmo-
nary edema following lobectomy and blood transfusion. I.
Thorac. Surg., 12:60 - 77.
With Mary H. Gibbon. Experimental pulmonary edema following
lobectomy and plasma infusion. Surgery, 12:694 - 704.
1946
With Leslie W. Freeman. The primary closure of decubitus ulcers.
Ann. Surg., 124: 1148-64.
With Louis H. Clerf, Peter A. Herbut, and John }. DeTuerk. The
diagnosis and operability of bronchogenic carcinoma. }. Thorac.
Surg., 17:419-27.
1949
With John Y. Templeton III. Experimental reconstruction of car-
diac valves by venous and pericardial grafts. Ann. Surg.,
129: 161-76.
Cancer of the lung (Thomas Dent Mutter lecture). LXI. Trans.
Stud. Coll. Physicians Philadelphia, 17:49-60.
With Bernard J. Miller and Frank F. Allbritten, Jr. Blood volume
and extracellular fluid changes during thoracic operations. I.
Thorac. Surg., 18:605 - 15.
OCR for page 240
240
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With Joseph W. Stayman, fir. Symposium on recent advances in
surgical physiology; physiology of cardiac surgery. Surg. Clin.
North Am., 29: 1731 -43.
1950
With Frank F. Allbritten, Tr., Herbert Lipshutz, and Bernard I.
Miller. Blood volume changes in tuberculous patients treated by
thoracoplasty. I. Thorac. Surg., 19:71-79.
With Franz Goldstein, Frank F. Allbritten, fir., and Joseph W. Stay-
man, fir. The combined manometric determination of oxygen
and carbon dioxide in blood, in the presence of low concentra-
tions of ethyl ether. I. Biol. Chem., 182:815-20.
With {ohn E. Healey, in Intrapericardial anatomy in relation to
pneumonectomy for pulmonary carcinoma. J. Thorac. Surg.,
19:864-74.
John S. Lockwood. Ann. Surg., 132:161.
Controlled respiration in thoracic and upper abdominal opera-
tions. Minn. Med., 33:1031-34.
With Frank F. Allbritten, Jr., Joseph W. Stayman, Jr., and James M.
Judd. A clinical study of respiratory exchange during pro-
longed operations with an open thorax. Ann. Surg.,
132:611-25.
1 1
. .
With Frank F. Allbritten, Tr. Recent advances in the surgical treat-
ment of carcinoma of the esophagus; discussion of esophago-
gastrostomy. Pa. Med. J., 53:811 - 16.
With Thomas L. Stokes, Jr. Bronchiectasis. In: Cyclopedia of Med-
icine, Surgery and Specialties, ed. George M. Piersol and Edward
L. Bortz, 3d. ea., vol. 2, p. 751. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
With Joseph W. Stayman, Jr., and Frank F. Allbritten, Jr. Con-
trolled respiration in thoracic surgery. {. Int. Chir., 10: 106- 11.
Carcinoma of the lung with an analysis of symptoms and end results
in 243 cases. Chicago Med. Soc. Bull., 13:945-48.
1951
With Frank F. Allbritten, fir., and John Y. Templeton III. Carci-
noma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. }. Am. Med. Assoc.,
145: 1035-40.
Cancer of the esophagus. Med. Rec. Ann., 45:600-602.
With Robert K. Finley, {r., John Y. Templeton III, and Robert H.
Holland. Changes in urine and serum electrolytes and plasma
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JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR.
241
volumes after major intrathoracic operations. T. Thorac. Surg.,
22:219-34.
With Bernard I. Miller and Mary H. Gibbon. Recent advances in
the development of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus.
Ann. Surg., 134:694- 708.
With John Y. Templeton III and Frank F. Allbritten, Tr. Sympo-
sium on abdominal surgery; total gastrectomy. Surg. Clin.
North Am., 31: 1713-20.
An extracorporeal circulation tor the temporary maintenance of
the cardiorespiratory functions. Fourteenth Congress de la Societe
Internationale de Chirurgie, pp. 984-91. Brussels: Imprimarie
Medicate et Scientif~que.
With John Y. Templeton III and Robert K. Finley, Jr. Body fluids
and electrolytes, blood volume and shock observations on
thiocyanate space, serum electrolytes and acid base equilibrium
in patients with intrathoracic disease. Surg. Forum, 2:589-95.
1952
The present status of mechanical heart and lungs. Med. Rec. Ann.,
46:872-76.
With Frank F. Allbritten, fir., Thomas F. Nealon, Jr., and John Y.
Templeton III. Symposium on safeguards in surgical diagnosis;
the diagnosis of lung cancer. Surg. Clin. North Am., 32: 1657-
72.
The pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary edema in relation to
surgery (annual address for 1946~. Trans. Philadelphia Acad.
Surg., 37:46-67.
1953
With Bernard I. Miller and Charles Fineberg. Symposium on clin-
ical medicine; an improved mechanical heart and lung appa-
ratus; its use during open cardiotomy in experimental animals.
Med. Clin. North Am., 37: 1603 -24.
With Frank F. Allbritten, Jr., John Y. Templeton III, and Thomas
F. Nealon, Jr. Cancer of the lung an analysis of 532 consecu-
tive cases. Ann. Surg., 138:489-501.
With Bernard I. Miller, Victor F. Greco, Harold C. Cohn, and
Frank F. Allbritten, Jr. The use of a vent for the left ventricle as
a means of avoiding air embolism to the systemic circulation
during open cardiotomy with the maintenance of the cardiores-
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242
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
piratory function of animals by a pump oxygenator. Surg.
Forum, 4:29-33.
With Bernard }. Miller, Victor F. Greco, Burgess A. Smith, Harold
C. Cohn, and Frank F. Allbritten, Jr. The production and repair
of interatrial septal defects under direct vision with the assis-
tance of an extracorporeal pump oxygenator circuit. I. Thorac.
Surg., 26:598-616.
In memoriam: Samuel Clark Harvey. Ann. Surg., 138:679.
1954
Everett Idris Evans. Ann. Surg., 139:257.
With Thomas F. Nealon, Jr. Cancer of the lung. In: Seminar, pp.
20-28. Philadelphia: Merck, Sharp, and Dohme.
The application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to car-
diac surgery. Minn. Med., 37:171-80.
With Frank F. Allbritten, Jr., John Y. Templeton III, Robert K.
Finley,.}r., Jose H. Amadeo, and Daniel W. Lewis. The results
of mitral valvotomy for mitral stenosis. Ann. Surg., 139:786-96.
With Bernard J. Miller, Arthur R. C. Dobell, Hans C. Engel, and
George B. Voigt. The closure of interventricular septal defects
in dogs during open cardiotomy with maintenance of the car-
diorespiratory functions by a pump-oxygenator. J. Thorac.
Surg., 28:235-40.
With Louis H. Clerf, Peter A. Herbut, and Thomas F. Nealon. The
lung. In: Pennsylvania Cancer Manual. An Up-to-date Guide For the
Practicing Physician, ed. Robert C. Horn, tr., David W. Clare,
W. Kenneth Clark, and Benjamin Schneider, chapter 43. Pitts-
burgh: The Pittsburgh Press.
1955
With Thomas F. Nealon, Jr., George J. Haupt, and Joyce E. Price.
Pulmonary ventilation during open thoracotomy: inflation and
deflation time ratios and pressures. J. Thorac. Surg., 30:655-
75.
With Thomas L. Stokes, Jr., and John I. McKeown, Jr. Surgical
treatment of carcinoma of the lung. Am. I. Surg., 89:484-93.
With George J. Haupt. Symposium on applied physiology in
modern surgery; the need for adequate pulmonary ventilation
during surgical operations. Surg. Clin. North Am., 35: 1553 -71.
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JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR.
243
The education of a surgeon (Presidential address). Ann. Surg.,
142:321 -28.
1956
With Thomas F. Nealon, fir., and Victor F. Greco. A modification
of Glassman's gastrostomy with results in 18 patients. Ann.
Surg., 43:838-44.
With Hans C. Engel. Congenital malformations of the heart and
great vessels. In: Cole's Operative Technique. Specialty Surgery, p.
1 19. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
With Thomas F. Nealon, tr., and Joyce E. Price. Respiratory aci-
dosis of pulmonary ventilation during open thoracotomy the
effect of compression of the lung. Surg. Forum, 7: 193 - 96.
With Thomas F. Nealon, fir., George I. Haupt, Harold Chase, and
Joyce E. Price. Insufficient carbon dioxide absorption requiring
increased pulmonary ventilation during operations with open
thoracotomy. I. Thorac. Surg., 32:464-80.
1957
With Thomas F. Nealon, tr. Carcinoma of the lung and tumors of
the thorax. In: Surgery, Principles and Practice, ed. J. G. Allen, H.
N. Harkins, C. A. Moyer, and I. E. Rhoads, p. 1205. Philadel-
phia: J. B. Lippincott.
With Thomas F. Nealon, Tr., and Harold F. Chase. Factors in-
fluencing the adequacy of carbon dioxide absorption in clinical
anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 19:75-81.
With John Y. Templeton III and Thomas F. Nealon, Jr. Factors
influencing the survival of patients with cancer of the lung. Ann.
Surg., 145:637-41.
With Thomas F. Nealon, Jr. Symposium on common operations
refinements in technique. Technique of pneumonectomy. Surg.
Clin. North Am., 37: 1551-63.
1958
With John Y. Templeton III. Current status of pump oxygenators
in cardiac surgery and persistent problems in their use. Prog.
Cardiovasc. Dis., 1:56-65.
With John Y. Templeton III. Evaluation of current cardiac surgical
procedures. I. Newark Beth Isr. Hosp., 9:87-96.
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With Thomas F. Nealon, ir., and Joyce E. Price. The importance of
measuring ventilation during the steady state. Surg. Forum,
8:458-65.
With Richard T. Cathcart, Thomas F. Nealon, Jr., William Frai-
mow, and Louis I. Hampton. Cardiac output under general
anesthesia. The effect of mean endotracheal pressure. Ann.
Surg., 148:488-97.
With Thomas F. Nealon, fir. The effect of position on pulmonary
ventilation. I. Thorac. Surg., 36:459-554.
With David C. Schechter and Thomas F. Nealon, fir. Recipient set
for removal of potassium and ammonium from bank blood.
Arch. Surg., 77:944-46.
Extracorporeal maintenance of cardiorespiratory functions. Harvey
Lectures, vol. 53, pp. 186-224. New York: Academic Press.
With David C. Schechter and Thomas F. Nealon, fir. A simple
extracorporeal device for reducing elevated blood ammonia
levels; preliminary report. Surgery, 44:892-97.
With David C. Schechter and Thomas F. Nealon, fir. An ion ex-
change resin type artificial kidney. Surg. Forum, 9:110-114.
1959
With David C. Schechter and Thomas F. Nealon, Jr. The removal
of excessive potassium and ammonium from bank blood prior
to transfusion. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 108:1-6.
With Thomas F. Nealon, fir., Richard T. Cathcart, William Frai-
mow, and Edward D. McLaughlin. The effect of mean endo-
tracheal pressure on the cardiac output of patients undergoing
intrathoracic operations. I. Thorac. Surg., 38:449-57.
With Thomas F. Nealon, {r. Carcinoma of the lung. In: Current
Therapy, p. 73. Howard, Conn.: W. B. Saunders.
Maintenance of cardiorespiratory functions by extracorporeal cir-
culation (The Lewis A. Conner Memorial Lecture). Circulation,
19:646-56.
With Thomas F. Nealon, Jr., and Joyce E. Price. The effect of com-
pression of the lung on pulmonary ventilation. Surg. Forum,
7: 193-96.
1960
With Thomas F. Nealon, Jr. Preoperative and postoperative man-
agement in the treatment of neoplasms of the chest. In: Treat-
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JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR.
245
ment of Cancer and Allied Diseases, ed. G. T. Pack and I. M. Ariel,
vol. 4, p. 279. New York: Paul B. Hoeber.
With Charles Fineberg and Nicholas P. Foris. Experimental sham
coronary endarterectomy with and without coronary artery per-
fusion. Surgery, 47:160-64.
With Edward D. McLaughlin and Thomas F. Nealon, {r. Treat-
ment of bank blood by resins. i. Thorac. Surg., 40:6Q2- 10.
With Walter F. Ballinger II, John Y. Templeton III, and Thomas
F. Nealon, in The complications of esophageal hiatal hernia.
Pa. Med. I., 63:51-56.
With George I. Haupt, Rudolph C. Camishion, and John Y. Tem-
pleton III. Treatment of malignant pleural effusions by talc
poudrage. I. Am. Med. Assoc., 172:918-21.
With Thomas F. Nealon, {r. Recent advances in surgical research
and their clinical applications; the physiological effects of pul-
monary ventilation during operations under general anesthesia.
Surg. Clin. North Am., 40: 1491- 1502.
1961
With Thomas F. Nealon, fir., John Y. Templeton III, and Vincent
D. Cuddy. Instrumental perforation of the esophagus. I.
Thorac. Surg., 41 :75 - 79.
With Rudolph C. Camishion and John Y. Templeton III. Leiomy-
oma of the esophagus: review of the literature and report of two
cases. Ann. Surg., 153:95 1 - 56.
Broncho-esophagology and thoracic surgery. The team effort.
Trans. Am. Bronchoesoph. Assoc., 41: 19-24.
With Rudolph C. Camishion, Yoshinori Ota, and Vincent D.
Cuddy. Pulmonary arterial blood flow through an acutely
atelectatic lung. I. Thorac. Surg., 42:599-6 14.
Anesthesia and pulmonary problems. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 112:
223-27.
The road ahead for thoracic surgery (Presidential address). J.
Thorac. Surg., 42: 141 -49.
With Rudolph C. Camishion and Yoshinori Ota. Blood flow
through the superior mesenteric artery with antegrade and ret-
rograde perfusion of the aorta. Circulation, 24:900.
1962
With Rudolph C. Camishion and Thomas F. Nealon, {r. Methods
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
of improving morbidity and mortality rates in standard opera-
tions; talc poudrage in the treatment of pleural effusion due to
cancer. Surg. Clin. North Am., 42:1521-26.
With Jerome L. Sandler and Thomas F. Nealon, in Clinical experi-
ence with a cation exchange resin in the treatment of stored
blood. l. Cardiovasc. Surg., 3:94-98.
With Yoshinori Ota and Rudolph C. Camishion. Dirofilar~a imitas
(heart worms) and Depetalonema species as causes of "trans-
fusion reactions" in dogs. Surgery, 51:518-26.
Surgery of the Chest (editor). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
1963
With Rudolph C. Camishion, Leon P. Scicchitano, and Robert
Trotta. Blood flow through the superior mesenteric artery dur-
ing retrograde aortic perfusion. Surgery, 54:651-55.
1965
With Thomas F. Nealon, fir. The lung, the trachea and the pleura.
In: Management of the Patient with Cancer, ed. Thomas F. Nealon,
Jr., p. 470. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
1966
With Rudolph C. Camishion, Louis Pierucci, and bunco Iida. Pa-
ralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve secondary to mitral
valvular disease: report of two cases and review of the literature.
Ann. Surg., 163:818-28.
The artificial intracorporeal heart (Presidential address). Surgery,
59:1-5.
1967
The early development of an extracorporeal circulation with an
artificial heart and lung. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs,
13:77-79.
1969
With David C. Sabiston and Frank C. Spencer, eds. Surgery of the
Chest, 2d. ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
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JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR.
247
1970
With Thomas F. Nealon, fir., and Joseph McCloskey. Cancer de
pulmon: reflexiones y revision del significado de las metastasis
linfaticas. Prensa Med. Argent., 57:1244-47.
The development of the heart-lung apparatus. Rev. Surg.,
27:231 -44.
1971
Memoir of I. Parsons Schaeffer, 1878-1970. Trans. Stud. Coll.
Physicians Philadelphia, 38:249-51.
