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The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
The project was supported by contract DAMD 17-89-C-9086 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Army. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.
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Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide
ROGENE F. HENDERSON (Chair),
Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
GERMAINE M. BUCK,
State University of New York at Buffalo, New York
JOHN E. CONNETT,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
ELAINE FAUSTMAN,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
CHARLES E. FEIGLEY,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
DONALD E. GARDNER,
Inhalation Toxicology Associates, Raleigh, North Carolina
DAVID W. GAYLOR,
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
ROBERT A. GOYER,
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
LOREN D. KOLLER,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
STEPHEN U. LESTER,
Citizens Clearing House for Hazardous Waste, Falls Church, Virginia
THOMAS E. MCKONE,
University of California, Berkeley, California
MICHAEL J. THUN,
American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
BAILUS WALKER, JR.,
Howard University, Washington, D.C.
SUSAN D. WILTSHIRE,
JK Research Associates, Inc., Hamilton, Massachusetts
HANSPETER R. WITSCHI,
University of California, Davis, California
Staff
KULBIR S. BAKSHI, Project Director
DIANE J. MUNDT, Senior Program Officer
ERIN M. BELL, Research Associate
SUSAN N.J. PANG, Research Associate
NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Editor
LUCY V. FUSCO, Project Assistant
Sponsor: U.S. Army
Committee on Toxicology
ROGENE F. HENDERSON (Chair),
Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
DONALD E. GARDNER (Vice-Chair),
Inhalation Toxicology Associates, Raleigh, North Carolina
GERMAINE M. BUCK,
State University of New York at Buffalo, New York
DEBORAH A. CORY-SLECHTA,
University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
KEVIN E. DRISCOLL,
Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio
ELAINE M. FAUSTMAN,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
CHARLES E. FEIGLEY,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
DAVID W. GAYLOR,
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
IAN A. GREAVES,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
SIDNEY GREEN,
Corning Hazleton, Inc., Vienna, Virginia
WILLIAM E. HALPERIN,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, Georgia
LOREN D. KOLLER,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
GEORGE B. KOELLE,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
DANIEL KREWSKI,
Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
THOMAS E. MCKONE,
University of California, Berkeley, California
MICHELE A. MEDINSKY,
Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
JOHN L. O'DONOGHUE,
Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York
ROBERT SNYDER,
Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey
BERNARD M. WAGNER,
Wagner Associates, Inc., Millburn, New Jersey
BAILUS WALKER JR.,
Howard University, Washington, D.C.
ANNETTA P. WATSON,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennesee
HANSPETER R. WITSCHI,
University of California, Davis, California
GAROLD S. YOST,
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
Staff
KULBIR S. BAKSHI, Program Director
MARGARET E. MCVEY, Program Officer
SUSAN N.J. PANG, Research Associate
ABIGAIL STACK, Research Associate
RUTH E. CROSSGROVE, Editor
CATHERINE M. KUBIK, Senior Program Assistant
LINDA V. LEONARD, Senior Project Assistant
LUCY V. FUSCO, Project Assistant
Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
PAUL G. RISSER (Chair),
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
MAY R. BERENBAUM,
University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
EULA BINGHAM,
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
PAUL BUSCH,
Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., White Plains, New York
EDWIN H. CLARK II,
Clean Sites, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia
ELLIS COWLING,
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
GEORGE P. DASTON,
The Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio
PETER L. DEFUR,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
DAVID L. EATON,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
DIANA FRECKMAN,
Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado
ROBERT A. FROSCH,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
DANIEL KREWSKI,
Health & Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
RAYMOND C. LOEHR,
The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
WARREN MUIR,
Hampshire Research Institute, Alexandria, Virginia
GORDON ORIANS,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
GEOFFREY PLACE,
Hilton Head, South Carolina
BURTON H. SINGER,
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
MARGARET STRAND,
Bayh, Connaughton and Malone, Washington, D.C.
BAILUS WALKER, JR.,
Howard University, Washington, D.C.
GERALD N. WOGAN,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
TERRY F. YOSIE,
E. Bruce Harrison Co., Washington, D.C.
Staff
JAMES J. REISA, Director
DAVID J. POLICANSKY, Associate Director and Program Director for Natural Resources and Applied Ecology
CAROL A. MACZKA, Program Director for Toxicology and Risk Assessment
LEE R. PAULSON, Program Director for Information Systems and Statistics
RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Program Director for Environmental Sciences and Engineering
Commission on Life Sciences
THOMAS D. POLLARD (Chair),
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California
FREDERICK R. ANDERSON,
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, Washington, D.C.
JOHN C. BAILAR III,
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
PAUL BERG,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
JOHN E. BURRIS,
Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
SHARON L. DUNWOODY,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
URSULA W. GOODENOUGH,
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
HENRY W. HEIKKINEN,
University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado
HANS J. KENDE,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
SUSAN E. LEEMAN,
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
THOMAS E. LOVEJOY,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
DONALD R. MATTISON,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
JOSEPH E. MURRAY,
Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts
EDWARD E. PENHOET,
Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California
EMIL A. PFITZER,
Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Hackensack, New Jersey
MALCOLM C. PIKE,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
HENRY C. PITOT III,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
JONATHAN M. SAMET,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
CHARLES F. STEVENS,
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California
JOHN L. VANDEBERG,
Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas
PAUL GILMAN, Executive Director