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Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science Index A Adaptation, species, 40, 107, 112, 127 Agriculture, 4, 17 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 63, 64, 129 Benchmarks for Science Literacy, 47, 63, 125 Associations, see Professional associations Astronomy, 11, 55, 125 educational standards, 50, 52 heliocentricism, 5, 27-30 Hubble telescope, 12 B Bacteria, 1, 17, 34, 90 Benchmarks for Science Literacy, 47, 63, 125 Birds, 19, 20, 31, 34, 35, 37-38, 81-82 Botany, see Plant life C Cambrian explosion, 34, 57-58, 127 Carrying capacity, 100 Chemical ecology, 21 Coevolution, 20-21, 50 Community support, 124 Computers and software, 106, 111, 119 The Content Core: A Guide for Curriculum Designers, 47 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 28, 29, 30 Court cases, creationism and evolutionary theory, 9, 58, 121-122 teacher association positions, 126, 128 Creationism, 9, 56-59 American Association for the Advancement of Science, position, 129 court decisions, 9, 58-59, 121-122 defined, 55, 125 public opinion, viii teacher interactions on, 9 teachers association positions, 124, 125-126, 127 textbooks, disclaimers, 7, 9(n.3), 124 state law, 9(n.3) Crick, Francis, 14-15 Curricula, 7, 62-64 criteria, 105-106 National Science Teachers Association position, 124 standards and, 47, 48, 105-106 see also Instructional materials and equipment D Darwin, Charles, 1, 11, 13-14, 19, 32-33, 34-39, 40, 42, 55, 62, 81-82, 93-94, 98-99, 100 Definitions, 55-59 evolution, 11, 13, 48, 55, 82, 125 fact, scientific, 5, 7-8, 56 hypothesis, 5, 22-24, 74-76 laws, scientific, 5, 56, 76 models, 76 theory, 4-5, 7-8, 22, 56, 76, 124-125, 127 Disclaimers, textbooks, 7, 9(n.3), 124 DNA, 14-15, 16, 39, 40-42 human evolution, 19, 81, 84-86 E Ecological approach, 3, 9, 19-21, 90, 98, 100 educational standards, 49 Educational materials, see Instructional materials and equipment Educators, see Professional associations; Teachers Edwards v. Aguillard, 9(n.5), 58, 121, 126, 128 Elementary education, see Primary education Entomology, see Insects Eppeson v. Arkansas, 121, 128 Evaluation content analysis, 108 of instructional materials and equipment, 105, 107-119 (passim) curricula, 47, 48, 105-106 of teaching methods materials, 105, 107-109, 110-119 see also National Science Education Standards; Standards F Fossil record, 1, 8, 11, 16, 33-35, 55 ant evolution, 15 Cambrian explosion, 34, 57-58, 127 educational standards, 52, 107, 112, 127 gaps in, 8 human evolution, 82, 84, 87-89

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Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science instructional materials, 44-45, 87 mammals, 8, 16, 18 radiometric dating, 34, 35, 52, 90, 127 teaching activities, 62, 82, 84, 87-89, 90 teaching methods, 44-46 tectonic movement and, 40 G Genetics, 1-2, 15-16, 19, 39, 42, 127 historical overview, 14 teaching activities, 74, 75-76, 100 see also DNA; Mutation; Variation, species Genomes, 42 Geography, natural selection and, 14, 37 Geology, 3, 6, 33, 35-36, 55 educational standards, 49-50, 52 models and modeling, 90, 92 plate tectonics, 40-41 radiometric dating, 34, 35, 52, 90, 127 teacher associations, position, 125, 127 teaching activities, 62, 90-92 Grades K-4, see Primary education Grades 5-8, see Middle school Grades 9-12, see Secondary education H Heliocentricism, 5, 27-30 High school, see Secondary education Historical perspectives educational standards, 50-51, 53, 116 evolutionary theory, 11, 13-15, 62, 81-82, 93-99 evolution as historical process, 16, 18, 27 heliocentricism, 5, 27-30 scientific theory, 67, 109, 116; see also "evolutionary theory" supra tectonic plates, 40-41 see also Fossil record; specific historical figures (e.g., Darwin; Lamarck; Wallace) Hubble telescope, 12 Human evolution, 16, 19, 20, 27, 41-42, 57, 127 fossil record, 82, 84, 87-89 models of, 61-62, 81-86 teaching activities, 82, 84, 87-89, 100-103 I Insects, 17, 20-21, 56, 75-76 ant evolution, 15 Instructional materials and equipment computers and software, 106, 111, 119 content analysis, 108 evalution of, 105, 107-119 (passim) evidence/models/explanation, 82, 107 fossils, 44-45, 87 geologic time, 90 history of evolutionary theory, 94 natural selection, 78-79 population growth/evolution, 100-101 scientific method, 22-25, 67, 94, 107, 108-109, 114-116 standards, 105, 107-119 (passim) videotapes, 111, 132 see also Publications; Textbooks Internet, see World Wide Web L Lamarck, Jean, 62, 93, 94, 96 Law and legal issues creationism, 9, 58, 123, 125 textbooks, disclaimers, 7, 9(n.3), 124 see also Court cases Laws, scientific, 5, 56, 76 Life sciences, 1, 17 bacteria, 1, 17, 34, 90 educational standards, 51, 82, 127, 128 see also Genetics Linneaus, Carolus, 30-31 M MacArthur, Robert, 20 Malthus, Thomas, 100 Mammalian evolution, 8, 16, 18-19, 27, 31, 32, 34 see also Human evolution Mathematics, 79-80, 100-103, 105 Mayr, Ernst, 43 McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education, 58, 121, 126 Mendel, Gregor, 14 Mesozioc era, 15 Methodology, see Science, nature of; Teaching methods Middle school, 63, 64 standards, 48-51, 108-109 teaching activities, 61, 62, 66, 74, 87, 90, 100 Models and modeling, 107 defined, 76 educational standards, 48, 109, 112, 127 evidence, 22-25 evolution and equilibrium, 9(n.1), 100, 127 geologic time, 90, 92 human evolution, 61-62, 81-86 hypotheses, scientific, 5, 22-24, 67 mathematical, 79-80, 100-103, 105 population growth/natural selection, 62, 78-79, 100-103 scientific experimentation, 22-25 teaching activities, 61-64, 66, 67, 76, 81-86, 90, 92, 100-103 Mutation, 14, 52, 56 teaching activities, 74, 78, 100 see also Natural selection; Species and speciation N National Association of Biology Teachers, 58, 127-128 National Science Education Standards, 47-53, 114-118 evolution and equilibrium, 9(n.1), 100 instructional materials, 107, 108-109 teaching activities, 62, 67, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93, 100

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Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science National Science Teachers Association, 47, 58, 124-126 Natural selection, 2, 7, 14, 15, 20-21, 40, 43 adaptation, species, 40, 107, 112, 127 contemporary, 16-17, 37-38 definition, 13 educational standards, 47, 49, 52, 107, 112, 127 geography and, 14, 37 population growth and, 62, 78-79, 100-103 teaching activities, 61, 74-80, 96-99, 100 Nature of science, see Science, nature of Newton, Isaac, 28, 29 P Paleontology, see Fossil record Pedagogy, see Teaching methods Peloza v. San Juan Capistrano School District, 58, 122, 126 Plant life agriculture, 4, 17 pests, 17, 21 photosynthesis, 3 Population growth, 62, 78-79, 100-103 Post-secondary education textbook on evolution, 9(n.4) see also Teacher training Primary education, 63, 64 standards, 48-51 Professional associations scientists, 58, 129 teachers, 7, 58, 124-128 Publications educational policy and methods, 130 scientific, 31, 67, 130-132 see also Textbooks R Radiometric dating, 34, 35, 52, 90, 127 Reptiles, 8, 27, 34 S Science, nature of, 4, 22-25, 38, 42, 55-56, 93 Benchmarks for Science Literacy, 47, 63, 125 classification of species, 30-35, 51, 81, 128 educational standards, 48-53 (passim), 108, 109, 124 evaluation of teaching methods, 107, 115, 116 hypotheses, 5, 22-24, 67, 74-76 inquiry-based teaching, 44-46, 59, 61, 66-70, 74-77, 107, 108-110, 115 instructional materials, 22-25, 67, 94, 107, 108-109, 114-116 publications on, 31, 67, 130-131, 132 teachers association positions, 124-125, 128 teaching activities, 61, 62, 66-70, 74-75, 87, 100 theology and, 43, 58, 129 videos on, 132 see also Theory Seagraves v. State of California, 121 Secondary education, 63-64, 66, 108 standards, 48, 51-53, 108-109 teacher interactions, 7 teaching activities, 61-62, 78, 81, 87, 90, 93, 100 Selection, see Natural selection Software, see Computers and software Species and speciation, 18, 35, 37, 51, 127 adaptation, 40, 107, 112, 127 classification, 30-31, 51, 81, 128 coevolution, 20-21, 50 definition, 13, 49 extinction, 49 schema of, 32 teaching activities, 74, 81, 93-99, 100 see also Fossil record; Natural selection; Variation, species Standards curricula, 47, 48, 105-106 earth and space science, 50, 52 fossil record, 52, 107, 112, 127 history and nature of science, 50-51, 53, 116 instructional materials, 105, 107-119 (passim) life sciences, 51, 82, 127, 128 middle school, 48-51, 108-109 models and modeling, 48, 109, 112, 127 natural selection, 47, 49, 52, 107, 112, 127 primary education, 48-51 secondary education, 48, 51-53, 108-109 teachers association positions, 124-129 teaching methods, 47-48, 107, 108-110 see also National Science Education Standards Students, 7-9 beliefs about evolution/creationism, 59, 110, 117, 124 safety of materials for, 111 T Teacher training curricular criteria, 106 dialogs on teaching evolution, 7-9, 22-25 standards, 47 Teachers curricular criteria, 106 dialogs on teaching evolution, 7-9, 22-25 professional associations, 7, 58, 124-128 teaching activities, background, 66-67, 74-75, 78, 81-82, 87, 90, 93-94, 100 Teaching methods, 22-25, 106 evaluation of, 107, 108-110, 115, 117; see also "standards" infra evidence, 7, 22-25 inquiry-based, 44-46, 59, 61, 66-70, 74-77, 107, 108-110, 115 science background for, 66-67 standards, 47-48, 107, 108-110 teaching activities, examples, 61-103 (passim) evidence, 66, 67, 74, 76, 82, 87, 90, 93 fossil record, 62, 82, 84, 87-89, 90 human evolution, 82, 84, 87-89, 100-103 middle school, 61, 62, 66, 74, 87, 90, 100

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Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science models and modeling, 61-64, 66, 67, 76, 81-86, 90, 92, 100-103 mutation, 74, 78, 100 National Science Education Standards, 62, 67, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93, 100 natural selection, 61, 74-80, 96-99, 100 scientific methods, 61, 62, 66-70, 74-75, 87, 100 secondary education, 61-62, 78, 81, 87, 90, 93, 100 species and speciation, 74, 81, 93-99, 100 standards, 62, 67, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93, 100 theory, 66, 74-77, 81-82, 93-99 variation, species, 78, 97, 100 see also Curricula; Evaluation; Instructional materials and equipment Textbooks, 119, 129 disclaimers, 7, 9(n.3), 124 state law, 9(n.3) teacher association positions, 124, 128 undergraduate, 9(n.4) Theory, 8-9, 56, 107, 112 definition of, 4-5, 7-8, 22, 56, 76, 124-125, 127 evidence and, 5, 38-39 fact and theory, 5-6, 7, 56 history of evolutionary theory, 11, 13-15, 62, 81-82, 93-99 teachers association positions, 124-125, 127 teaching activities, 66, 74-77, 81-82, 93-99 V Variation, species, 14, 15-16, 37, 40, 43 teaching activities, 78, 97, 100 definition, 13 see also Mutation; Species and speciation Videotapes, 111, 132 Visual aids, see Instructional materials and equipment; Models and modeling W Wallace, Alfred Russel, 11, 13, 62, 93, 94, 97, 98 Watson, James, 14-15 Weather, 3, 19 Webster v. New Lennox School District, 58, 121-122, 126 Wegener, Alfred, 40 Wilson, Edward, 15 World Wide Web, ix