National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035

Becoming a 21st-Century Force

VOLUME 7 Undersea Warfare

Panel on Undersea Warfare

Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces

Naval Studies Board

Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1997

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

This work was performed under Department of the Navy Contract N00014-96-D-0169/0001 issued by the Office of Naval Research under contract authority NR 201-124. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Department of the Navy or the government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.

The United States Government has at least a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license throughout the world for government purposes to publish, translate, reproduce, deliver, perform, and dispose of all or any of this work, and to authorize others so to do.

Copyright 1997 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Copies available from:

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National Research Council

2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20418

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

PANEL ON UNDERSEA WARFARE

ALBERT J. BACIOCCO, JR.,

The Baciocco Group, Inc.,

Chair

RICHARD F. PITTENGER,

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,

Vice Chair

JOHN W. ASHER III,

Global Associates, Ltd.

ARTHUR B. BAGGEROER,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

DAVID B. BURKE, JR.,

Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.

NICHOLAS P. CHOTIROS,

Applied Research Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin

MYRON P. GRAY,

Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University

THOMAS C. HALSEY,

Exxon Research and Engineering Company

RICHARD F. HOGLUND,

King George, Virginia

ERNEST L. HOLMBOE,

Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University

WILLIAM J. HURLEY,

Institute for Defense Analyses

WESLEY E. JORDAN,

Bolt, Beranek and Newman Co.

CECIL J. KEMPF,

Coronado, California

EDWARD G. LISZKA,

Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University

R. KENNETH LOBB,

Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University

DANIEL M. NOSENCHUCK,

Princeton University

THOMAS D. RYAN,

Nuclear Energy Institute

KEITH A. SMITH,

Vienna, Virginia

ROBERT C. SPINDEL,

Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington

DAVID L. STANFORD,

Science Applications International Corporation

Invited Participants

IRA DYER,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

WILLIAM A. KUPERMAN,

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Navy Liaison Representatives

CDR THOMAS COSGROVE,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N858D

CAPT JOHN McGILLVRAY,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N863J

CDR DENNIS MURPHY,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N87C1

LCDR PETE McSHEA,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N88W3

ALLISON STILLER,

Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, RDA

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

Consultants

LEE M. HUNT

SIDNEY G. REED, JR.

JAMES G. WILSON

Staff

RONALD D. TAYLOR, Director,

Naval Studies Board

PETER W. ROONEY, Program Officer

SUSAN G. CAMPBELL, Administrative Assistant

MARY G. GORDON, Information Officer

CHRISTOPHER A. HANNA, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

COMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY FOR FUTURE NAVAL FORCES

DAVID R. HEEBNER,

Science Applications International Corporation

(retired), Study Director

ALBERT J. BACIOCCO, JR.,

The Baciocco Group, Inc.

ALAN BERMAN,

Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University

NORMAN E. BETAQUE,

Logistics Management Institute

GERALD A. CANN,

Raytheon Company

GEORGE F. CARRIER,

Harvard University

SEYMOUR J. DEITCHMAN,

Institute for Defense Analyses

(retired)

ALEXANDER FLAX,

Potomac, Maryland

WILLIAM J. MORAN,

Redwood City, California

ROBERT J. MURRAY,

Center for Naval Analyses

ROBERT B. OAKLEY,

National Defense University

JOSEPH B. REAGAN,

Saratoga, California

VINCENT VITTO,

Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Navy Liaison Representatives

RADM JOHN W. CRAINE, JR.,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81 (as of July 4, 1996)

VADM THOMAS B. FARGO,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81 (through July 3, 1996)

RADM RICHARD A. RIDDELL,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N91

CDR DOUGLASS BIESEL,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N812C1

PAUL G. BLATCH,

Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N91 1E

Marine Corps Liaison Representative

LtGen PAUL K. VAN RIPER,

USMC, Marine Corps Combat Development Command

Consultants

LEE M. HUNT

SIDNEY G. REED, JR.

JAMES G. WILSON

Staff

RONALD D. TAYLOR, Director, Naval Studies Board

PETER W. ROONEY, Program Officer

SUSAN G. CAMPBELL, Administrative Assistant

MARY G. GORDON, Information Officer

CHRISTOPHER A. HANNA, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

NAVAL STUDIES BOARD

DAVID R. HEEBNER,

Science Applications International Corporation

(retired), Chair

GEORGE M. WHITESIDES,

Harvard University,

Vice Chair

ALBERT J. BACIOCCO, JR.,

The Baciocco Group, Inc.

ALAN BERMAN,

Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University

NORMAN E. BETAQUE,

Logistics Management Institute

NORVAL L. BROOME,

Mitre Corporation

GERALD A. CANN,

Raytheon Company

SEYMOUR J. DEITCHMAN,

Institute for Defense Analyses

(retired), Special Advisor

ANTHONY J. DeMARIA,

DeMaria Electro-Optics Systems, Inc.

JOHN F. EGAN,

Lockheed Martin Corporation

ROBERT HUMMEL,

Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University

DAVID W. McCALL,

Far Hills, New Jersey

ROBERT J. MURRAY,

Center for Naval Analyses

ROBERT B. OAKLEY,

National Defense University

WILLIAM J. PHILLIPS,

Northstar Associates, Inc.

MARA G. PRENTISS,

Jefferson Laboratory, Harvard University

HERBERT RABIN,

University of Maryland

JULIE JCH RYAN,

Booz, Allen and Hamilton

HARRISON SHULL,

Monterey, California

KEITH A. SMITH,

Vienna, Virginia

ROBERT C. SPINDEL,

Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington

DAVID L. STANFORD,

Science Applications International Corporation

H. GREGORY TORNATORE,

Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University

J. PACE VanDEVENDER,

Prosperity Institute

VINCENT VITTO,

Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

BRUCE WALD,

Arlington Education Consultants

Navy Liaison Representatives

RADM JOHN W. CRAINE, JR.,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81 (as of July 4, 1996)

VADM THOMAS B. FARGO,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81 (through July 3, 1996)

RADM RICHARD A. RIDDELL,

USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N91

RONALD N. KOSTOFF,

Office of Naval Research

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

Marine Corps Liaison Representative

LtGen PAUL K. VAN RIPER,

USMC, Marine Corps Combat Development Command

RONALD D. TAYLOR, Director

PETER W. ROONEY, Program Officer

SUSAN G. CAMPBELL, Administrative Assistant

MARY G. GORDON, Information Officer

CHRISTOPHER A. HANNA, Project Assistant

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND APPLICATIONS

ROBERT J. HERMANN,

United Technologies Corporation,

Co-Chair

W. CARL LINEBERGER,

University of Colorado,

Co-Chair

PETER M. BANKS,

Environmental Research Institute of Michigan

LAWRENCE D. BROWN,

University of Pennsylvania

RONALD G. DOUGLAS,

Texas A&M University

JOHN E. ESTES,

University of California at Santa Barbara

L. LOUIS HEGEDUS,

Elf Atochem North America, Inc.

JOHN E. HOPCROFT,

Cornell University

RHONDA J. HUGHES,

Bryn Mawr College

SHIRLEY A. JACKSON,

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

KENNETH H. KELLER,

University of Minnesota

KENNETH I. KELLERMANN,

National Radio Astronomy Observatory

MARGARET G. KIVELSON,

University of California at Los Angeles

DANIEL KLEPPNER,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

JOHN KREICK,

Sanders, a Lockheed Martin Company

MARSHA I. LESTER,

University of Pennsylvania

THOMAS A. PRINCE,

California Institute of Technology

NICHOLAS P. SAMIOS,

Brookhaven National Laboratory

L.E. SCRIVEN,

University of Minnesota

SHMUEL WINOGRAD,

IBM T.J. Watson Research Center

CHARLES A. ZRAKET,

Mitre Corporation

(retired)

NORMAN METZGER, Executive Director

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

Preface

This report is part of the nine-volume series entitled Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force. The series is the product of an 18-month study requested by the chief of Naval Operations (CNO). To carry out this study, eight technical panels were organized under the Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces to examine all of the specific technical areas called out in the terms of reference.

On November 28, 1995, the Chief of Naval Operations requested that the National Research Council initiate (through its Naval Studies Board) a thorough examination of the impact of advancing technology on the form and capability of the naval forces to the year 2035. The terms of reference of the study specifically asked for an indentification of "present and emerging technologies that relate to the full breadth of Navy and Marine Corps mission capabilities," with specific attention to "(1) information warfare, electronic warfare, and the use of surveillance asstes; (2) mine warfare and submarine warfare; (3) Navy and Marine Corps weaponry in the context of effectiveness on target; [and] (4) issues in caring for and maximizing effectiveness of Navy and Marine Corps human resources." Ten specific technical areas were identified to which attention should be broadly directed. (The CNO's letter of request with the full terms of reference is given in Appendix A of this report.)

The Panel on Undersea Warfare was constituted to address technology issues related to undersea warfare. During the course of its study, the panel paid particular attention to item 3 of the terms of reference:

Mine warfare and submarine warfare are two serious threats to future naval missions that can be anticipated with confidence and should be treated accordingly in the review. This should include both new considerations, such as

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×

increased emphasis on shallow water operations, and current and future problems resident in projected worldwide undersea capability.

Panel membership included expertise in naval undersea warfare systems design, acquisition, and operations. The panel was augmented with the nation's top ocean acousticians as well as representatives from the nonmilitary private sector.

To carry out its task, the panel met 11 times to receive briefings from service and industry representatives. Briefings and discussions were held with all cognizant systems command program executive officers as well as responsible officials from the offices of the Chief of Naval Operations and the Secretary of the Navy. The panel received several briefings on oceanographic and undersea warfare-related science and technology from the Office of Naval Research and the office of the Oceanographer of the Navy. The panel made field trips to visit fleet commands and laboratories, notably Norfolk, where it was briefed at the flag or unit commander level by U.S. Atlantic Command, Commander Surface Forces Atlantic, Commander Submarine Forces Atlantic, Commander Second Fleet, Commander Strike Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet, Naval Doctrine Command, and the Surface Warfare Development Group. Some of the panel members visited Panama City, Florida, and Ingleside, Texas, to be briefed on mine warfare by laboratory and Commander Mine Warfare personnel. Members of the panel also visited West Coast and Hawaii fleet commands, filing reports upon their return. The panel visited Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Pennsylvania State University, and talks were held with Admiral James Hogg, USN (Ret.) about ongoing work in the Strategic Studies Group at the Naval War College. The chair and vice chair received briefings on relevant special access programs. Because the panel's goal was to produce an unclassified report, not all of the technology issues relevant to antisubmarine warfare and mine warfare are discussed at the same level of detail.

The panel made a special effort to understand the current and projected threat to U.S. national interests in the realm of undersea warfare. A subset of the panel received extensive briefings from the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Office of Naval Intelligence.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1997. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 7: Undersea Warfare. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5867.
×
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