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Questions? Call 888-624-8373 |
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| Front Matter (R1-R10) |
| 1 Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science: The Need and the Challenges (1-27) |
| 2 A Brief History of Remote Sensing Applications, with Emphasis on Landsat (28-50) |
| 3 'Socializing the Pixel' and 'Pixelizing the Social' in Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (51-69) |
| 4 Linking Satellite, Census, and Survey Data to Study Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon (70-93) |
| 5 Land-Use Change After Deforestation in Amazonia (94-120) |
| 6 Land-Use/Land-Cover and Population Dynamics, Nang Rong, Thailand (121-144) |
| 7 Validating Prehistoric and Current Social Phenomena upon the Landscape of the Peten, Guatemala (145-163) |
| 8 Extraction and Modeling of Urban Attributes Using Remote Sensing Technology (164-188) |
| 9 Social Science and Remote Sensing in Famine Early Warning (189-196) |
| 10 Health Applications of Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling (197-208) |
| Appendix A (209-228) |
| Appendix B (229-236) |
| Biographical Sketches of Contributors and Editors (237-244) |
| Plates 4-1, 5-1, 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, and 10-1 (245-256) |
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Appendix A
An Annotated Guide to Earth Remote
Sensing Data and Formation Resources for
Social Science Applications
Robert S. Chen
The volume and diversity of earth remote sensing data and the range of
applications to social science research are growing rapidly. This annotated guide
presents a selected set of information resources and entry points for those inter-
ested in exploring and using earth remote sensing data in interdisciplinary re-
search, applications, and education. It focuses primarily on electronic data and
information resources available via the Internet, since these tend to have the most
up-to-date information on availability and access.
The resources listed are organized into six categories, each with the subcat-
egories shown:
I. Basic Information and Documentation on Earth Remote Sensing
I.A General Overviews and Compendia
I.B Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
I.C Glossaries
I.D Tutorials and Other Educational Materials
II. Selected Listings of Earth Remote Sensing Data and Information
Resources
II.A Comprehensive Lists
II.B Selective Lists
III. Selected Remote Sensing Data Catalogs and Search Tools
III.A Multiple Data Center Catalogs and Search Tools
III.B Selected Data Center Catalogs and Search Tools
209
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210 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION^SOURCES
IV. Selected Earth Remote Sensing Data Systems and Centers
IV.A Selected Mutilational Data Systems and Centers
IV.B Selected National Centers
V. Other Noteworthy Resources Related to Earth Remote Sensing
Applications and Education
VI. Selected E-Mail/WWW Gateways
Within each subcategory, items are listed alphabetically. Suggested starting
points for general readers are indicated with an asterisk.
It should be noted that the inclusion of commercial data and information
resources is not intended as an endorsement of any products or services provided.
Moreover, given the rapidly expanding wealth of data and information resources,
not all interesting and useful sites could be included in this guide. However, a
sampling of noteworthy sites of likely interest to social scientists is provided to
give potential users a flavor of what is now becoming available. This guide does
not attempt to cover the wide range of sites related to geographic information
systems or social science data, although many of the sites included here do
contain information relevant to these subjects.
Both the content and addresses of Internet sites tend to change over time.
The annotations and Internet locations given here reflect the status of sites circa
September 1997. For an up-to-date, hyperlinked version of this appendix, visit
the Web site of the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) at the
Uniform Resource Locator (URL):. Users are
also encouraged to utilize the lists and search tools included here to obtain current
information on existing and new resources.
Users who do not have direct WWW access to the Internet may be able to
access many of the data and information resources listed through an electronic
mail (e-mail) WWW gateway. Section VI lists data services of this type.
I. BASIC INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION ON
EARTH REMOTE SENSING
I.A General Overviews and Compendia
*I.A-1 Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change. Pub-
lished in 1993, this volume includes more than 25 articles on the use of satellite
data and imagery to address key scientific questions concerning global environ-
mental change. Topics covered include the earth's radiation balance, atmo-
sphere, oceans, land, cryosphere, and the effects of human activities. An appen-
dix describes both existing and planned operational and research satellites for
earth observation, by country. AVA]LAB]~ITY: Printed volume available from
Cambridge University Press (ISBN 0-521-43467-X).
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ROBERT S. CHEN
211
I.A-2 Earth Observations from Space: History, Promise, and Reality.
The Space Studies Board of the U.S. National Research Council has prepared a
detailed history of the Mission to Planet Earth Program and reviewed the overall
development and organization of U.S. civil earth observation programs. Pub-
lished in 1995, the report provides useful programmatic background for under-
standing the current and planned suite of earth remote sensing satellites and
associated instruments. AVA]LAB]~ITY: Printed version available from the Space
Studies Board, National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Wash-
ington, D.C. 20418. Executive Summary available on line via the National
Academy Press Reading Room at URL
(search on title). A direct link to the summary is at URL .
I.A-3 Manual of Photographic Interpretation, 2nd Edition. Updated in
1997 from the original published in 1960, this comprehensive manual reviews the
history and fundamentals of photographic interpretation; methods for recogniz-
ing and assessing landforms, soils, vegetation, hydrology, and structures and
cultural features; and a range of applications including land-use and land-cover
inventory, agriculture and forestry, wildlife and wetlands, urban planning and
archaeology, military uses, and environmental monitoring. It includes two ap-
pendices that list major imagery collections and sources of aerial photographs.
AVA]LAB]~ITY: Printed volume available from the American Society for Photo-
grammetry and Remote Sensing, 5420 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda,
Maryland 20814-2160 (ISBN 1-57083-039-8~. For additional information see
URL .
I.A-4 Manual of Remote Sensing, 3rd Edition (a series): Earth Observ-
ing Platforms and Sensors. Now published in Windows-compatible CD-ROM
format, this manual, updated in 1996, provides detailed information on more than
270 satellite and airborne platforms focusing on atmospheric, geophysical, and
earth resources. The CD-ROM includes sample data sets, technical specifica-
tions of hardware, and numerous color illustrations. AVA]LAB]~ITY: CD-ROM
available from the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,
5420 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2160. For addi-
tional information see URL .
I.A-5 MTPE 1995 EOS Reference Handbook. The Mission to Planet
Earth (MTPE) Program of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion (NASA) maintains a reference handbook describing the status of the Earth
Observing System (EOS). This document includes detailed information on
planned EOS and related satellite missions, EOS instruments, EOS interdiscipli-
nary science investigations, and MTPE pathfinder data sets (see item V-17~.
AVAILABILITY: URL .
Printed version available from EOS Project Science Office, Code 900, NASA/
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, tel. (301) 286-3411.
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212 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION^SOURCES
*I.A-6 Thematic Guide on the Use of Satellite Remote Sensing To Study
the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change. This on-line guide,
developed by the Consortium for International Earth Science Information Net-
work (CIESIN), provides an overview of satellite remote sensing in relationship
to research on human interactions with global environmental change. It includes
the full text of selected literature on remote sensing applications, as well as other
bibliographic materials and direct links. As: URL .
*I.A-7 Trends in Commercial Space 1996: Satellite Remote Sensing.
This paper, prepared by the Office of Air and Space Commercialization of the
U.S. Department of Commerce as part of an edited volume, provides an overview
of commercial satellite remote sensing. It summarizes the Presidential Policy on
Commercial Remote Sensing and lists planned worldwide commercial remote
sensing capabilities. AVA~AB~: URL .
I.B Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
I.B-1 A FAQ on Vegetation in Remote Sensing. This FAQ document
addresses the use of remote sensing to assess vegetation characteristics. It in-
cludes details on the derivation of standard indices and a bibliography. The on-
line version is dated 13 October 1994. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
*I.B-2 The Satellite Imagery FAQ. This five-part FAQ provides sum-
mary information on satellite-based imagery of the earth. It deals with both
general and technical questions and includes an extensive list of remote sensing
satellites and instruments, with pointers to resources available on the Internet.
The FAQ is updated approximately monthly by members of the Image Process-
ing and Remote Sensing Listserver (IMAGRS-L). (See also item II.A-9.) AVA]~-
As~TY: URL (latest version).
I.C Glossaries
I.C-1 CCRS Remote Sensing Glossary. This searchable database, main-
tained by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, contains a comprehensive list
of terms related to radar, optical, and airborne remote sensing and a dictionary of
acronyms. Results may be displayed in English or French. (See also items III.B-
1 and IV. B-2.) AVAILABILITY: URL .
I.C-2 Dictionary of Abbreviations and Acronyms in Geographic Infor-
mation Systems, Cartography, and Remote Sensing. An extensive list of ab-
breviations and acronyms related to geographic information systems (GIS) and
remote sensing is provided (dated October 1997~. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
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ROBERT S. CHEN
213
I.C-3 Earth Observing System (EOS) Acronyms/Abbreviations. A com-
prehensive list of acronyms and abbreviations is provided by the EOS Project
Science Office at NASA'S Goddard Space Flight Center. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL
.
I.C-4 Earth Observing System (EOS) Glossary. This is an extensive glos-
sary of concepts and terms related to remote sensing and weather, aimed prima-
rily at teachers and students in Grades 7-12. A short bibliography and a list of
educational resources around the United States are also provided. AVA]LAB]~ITY:
URL .
I.C-5 Global Land Information System (GLIS) Glossary. An exten-
sive glossary of earth science acronyms and terms is available from the U.S.
Geological Survey's GLIS, maintained by the Earth Resources Observation
System (EROS) Data Center (EDC) (see item III.B-4~. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL
.
I.C-6 Glossary of Remote Sensing Terminology and Acronyms. A brief
list of remote sensing terms and acronyms and associated definitions is provided.
AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
I.D Tutorials and Other Educational Materials
*I.D-1 Community Colleges for Innovative Technology Transfer, Inc.
(CCITT) Project in Remote Sensing, Image Processing and Geographic In-
formation Systems. CCITT is a consortium of U.S. community colleges affili-
ated with a local NASA Center. This project is developing a set of curriculum
modules aimed at undergraduate courses in earth system sciences or related dis-
ciplines. The project also offers periodic faculty workshops in remote sensing,
image processing, and GIS. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL .
I.D-2 GLOBE Visualization Server. The visualization server of the Glo-
bal Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) program
provides images of global environmental data, including both student measure-
ments and reference data from the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) and
selected satellites. AVA1:LAB1:LITY: URL .
*I.D-3 NASA's Observatorium. This is a public-access site for earth and
space data, oriented primarily to precollege students. It includes an image gallery
and selected exhibits on topics such as ozone and the use of remote sensing in
agriculture and in the Mississippi flood of 1993. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
*I.D-4 Remote Sensing Core Curriculum. Under development by a dis-
tributed team involving the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC),
the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA), and the
University of South Carolina, this curriculum provides an introduction to photo
interpretation and photogrammetry, remote sensing of the environment, digital
image processing, and remote sensing applications. It includes links to educa
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214 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION^SOURCES
tional and on-line data resources and provides both lecture and exercise materials
on topics such as population estimation, environmental warfare, flood analysis,
end rangeland management. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URLor
.
*I.D-5 Remote Sensing Task Force. The Remote Sensing Task Force of
the National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE) has developed a set of
instructional materials dealing with remote sensing of the environment. Specific
topics include the Persian Gulf War, the nuclear accident at Chernobyl, fires in
Yellowstone National Park, and the 1993 flood around St. Louis, Missouri. The
Web site includes ordering information and samples of low- and high-resolution
imagery. AVAILABILITY: URL .
I.D-6 Remote Sensing Tutorial. This on-line tutorial under development
by Goddard Space Flight Center focuses on the role of space technology in
monitoring the earth's surface and atmosphere. It is aimed at both professional
audiences and the general public and includes extensive materials on remote
sensing applications. Although it is not yet complete, more than half of the
planned chapters are available, and several more are apparently in progress.
AVAILABILITY: URL .
I.D-7 Satellite Meteorology Online Remote Sensing Guide. This instruc-
tional module focuses on weather satellites, particularly Geostationary Opera-
tional Environmental Satellites (GOES) and Polar Orbiting Environmental Satel-
lites (POES). AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL .
I-D-8 Satellite Training Application. This computer-based training ap-
plication, under development by the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey,
California, presently includes a prototype satellite tutorial on interpretation of
satellite imagery and training materials on the Special Sensor Microwave Imager
(SSM/I) of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Additional
materials are being prepared for other U.S. environmental satellites. AVA1LAB1L-
: URL .
II. SELECTED LISTINGS OF EARTH REMOTE SENSING DATA
AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
II.A Comprehensive Lists
II.A-1 Commercial Remote Sensing Program (CRSP) Remote Sensing/
GIS Resource List. Developed by the CRSP Office at NASA's John C. Stennis
Space Center, this directory of Web sites covers a range of remote sensing topics,
including satellite and airborne remote sensing; radar, lidar, and hyper-spectral
imaging; image processing and GIS software; and remote sensing and GIS in
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ROBERT S. CHEN
215
education. It includes information on both commercial and noncommercial
sources. AVAILABILITY: URL .
II.A-2 EWSE: Other Sites Search. This service generates an alphabetical
list of Web sites related to earth observation. Users may then retrieve a short
description of each Web site and link directly to that site. For a more specific
search, see item III.A-5, the European Wide Service Exchange (EWSE). AVA]~-
As~TY: URL .
II.A-3 GeoData Information Sources. The Center for Global and Regional
Environmental Research (CORER) at the University of Iowa maintains a list of
hypertext links to digital cartographic and environmental data, including remotely
sensed data. Subcategories include remote sensing data documentation, public
domain and commercial sources, and meteorological satellite imagery. AVA]~-
As~TY: URL .
*II.A-4 The Journalists' Guide to Remote Sensing Resources. Main-
tained by the American University School of Communication, this Web site
provides extensive, annotated lists of remote sensing data and information re-
sources. It includes a list of earth imagery resources and contact information for
more than 50 countries and a large set of links to U.S. government remote sensing
and mapping resources. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
*II.A-5 Remote Sensing Data and Information Directory of Resources.
The Public Use of Remote Sensing Data (RSD) Program at NASA's Goddard
Space Flight Center maintains a directory of resources covering weather and
climate, space and astronomy, earth images from space, data archives, specific
instruments, and projects and organizations. AVAILABILITY: URL .
II.A-6 Remote Sensing Divisions: Recommended Links. The Department
of Geography at the University of Zurich in Switzerland provides an extensive set
of recommended links, focusing in particular on European resources and cover-
ing organizations and institutes, data archives and services, satellites and instru-
ments,navigation,pressreleases,andotherresources. AVAILABILITY: URL.
II.A-7 Remote Sensing Guide. This well-organized listing is maintained at
Brunel University in the United Kingdom. It includes direct links to major
remote sensing lists and indexes, satellite and sensor sites, organizational infor-
mation, publications, educational resources, software, and mailing lists and news
groups. AvA~As~TY: URL .
II.A-8 Remote Sensing Resources on the Web. This comprehensive list-
ing of remote sensing resources covers satellites and sensors; remote sensing
research programs; radar, aerial, and extraterrestrial remote sensing; and publica
tions, software, and other resources. AvA ~rrY: URL .
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216 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION^SOURCES
*II.A-9 The Satellite Imagery FAQ, Parts 4 and 5. These sections of the
FAQ (item I.B-2) provide a detailed inventory of remote sensing data sources,
including lists of sites by satellite platform and country and a list of commercial
sites. It is updated approximately monthly by members of the Image Processing
and Remote Sensing Listserver (IMAGRS-L). As: URL ~ 1 a t e s t v e r s i o n ~ .
II.A-10 Some Interesting WWW Pages. Developed as a service for mem-
bers of The Remote Sensing Society in the United Kingdom, this page includes
numerous links related to data, sensors, satellite platforms, publications, confer-
ences,andothertopics. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL.
II.A- 1 1 Space Mission Acronym List and Hyperlink Guide. This on-line
guide, developed by NASA' s Instrument and Sensing Technology Program, pro-
vides information on a wide range of space missions, including earth observation
satellites and direct links to relevant platform and instrument information. AVA]~-
As~TY: URL .
II.A-12 WWW Virtual Library: Remote Sensing. Developed by the
Technical Research Centre of Finland, this directory provides a long list of links
to remote sensing resources and related organizations around the world. Organi-
zational lists are divided by region; other topics include data sources, societies,
conferences, documents, journals, news groups, mailing lists, and related fields.
AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
II.A- 13 Yahoo! Science/Geology_and_Geophysics/Remote_Sensing.
This browse page provided by Yahoo lists a range of links relevant to remote
sensing. Subcategories include conferences and institutes; cross-links are pro-
vided to companies and earth pictures. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
II. B Selective Lists
II.B-1 Africa Data Dissemination Service (ADDS). Developed by the
Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Data Center (see item IV.B-4), this
service lists continental, regional, and national data for Africa, including holdings
of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data based on the Advanced
Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). As: URL .
II.B-2 CHAART Data Sources on the Internet. The Center for Health
Applications of Aerospace Related Technologies (CHAART) at NASA's Ames
Research Center has developed an annotated list of remote sensing and GIS data
sites. The focus is primarily on federal data resources. AVAILABILITY: URL
.
II.B-3 Imaging Intelligence on the Web. Developed by the Intelligence
Reform Project of the Federation of American Scientists, this site focuses on
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ROBERT S. CHEN
217
imagery intelligence resources on the WWW. It includes an image gallery and
links to key intelligence documents and archives. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL .
II.B-4 ,Iapan GIS/Mapping Sciences Resource Guide. This is an on-line
guide linking to an array of remote sensing, mapping, and imagery resources
related to Japan, including distribution centers, software, organizations, and insti-
tutes. (see also items III.B-3, IV.B-8, and IV.B-9.) AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
III. SELECTED REMOTE SENSING DATA CATALOGS AND
SEARCH TOOLS
III.A Multiple Data Center Catalogs and Search Tools
*III.A-1 The CIESIN Gateway. The CIESIN Gateway, developed by the
Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), pro-
vides integrated searching of multiple catalogs that conform to the Z39.50 inter-
national standard, including the Global Change Master Directory (GCMD), various
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) catalogs, and CIESIN's
own metadata holdings. The Gateway supports both full-text search and Boolean
searches on specified fields. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
III.A-2 Department of Defense Master Environmental Library (MEL).
MEL is designed to provide a single point for searching U.S. Department of
Defense environmental data. It provides access to metadata developed by distrib-
uted regional sites. Users may specify a location, time period, keyword~s), and
database of interest. Both Java and non-Java query interfaces are currently pro-
v i d e d . A v A ~ ~ A s ~ ~ ~ T Y : U R L .
*III.A-3 Earth Pages. Earth Pages is an on-line search and index tool for
earth science data, information, and resources on the Internet. Resources are
organized by topic or alphabetically or may be searched using keywords. Orga-
nizations must register in order to be included in the database. AVA]LAB]~ITY:
URL .
III.A-4 EOSDIS Information Management System (IMS). The IMS pro-
vides access to the extensive data holdings of NASA's Earth Observing System
Data and Information System (EOSDIS). A graphical user interface (GUI) based
on the X Window System_ supports data searching and browsing, access to
directory and guide information, and data ordering. A WWW-based inter-
face provides more limited search and access capabilities. AvA~As~TY:
For the WWW interface, see URL . For
the GUI, see URL for
a list of telnet access points.
III.A-5 European Wide Service Exchange (EWSE). The EWSE is an on
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218 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION^SOURCES
line information exchange testbed of the Centre for Earth Observation (CEO)
Programme, designed to help the earth observation community find relevant data
and resources (see also item IV.A-1~. The service supports free text searching,
geographic and keyword searching, and browsing of a dynamic database. EWSE
also provides access to gateways compatible with the NASA Information Man-
agementSystem~seeitemIII.A-4~. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL.
*III.A-6 The Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). The GCMD
provides access to an extensive set of metadata records describing remote sens-
ing, in situ, and other earth science data. The GCMD search interface permits
both free-text and controlled searches (using standard search terms). The GCMD
is the American Coordinating Node of the Committee on Earth Observation
Satellites International Directory Network (CEOS IDN). AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL
.
III.A-7 Global Environmental Information Locator Service (GELDS).
GELOS is an alpha version search tool developed as part of the G7 Environment
and Natural Resources Management project (G7-ENRM). The G7-ENRM project
seeks to create a globally distributed virtual library of environmental and natural
resource data. The current version of GELOS supports free-text, geographical,
and keyword searches. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
III.A-8 NOAA Environmental Services Data Directory. This catalog in-
cludes metadata for the extensive environmental data holdings of the U.S. Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It includes the hold-
ings of many NOAA data centers, such as the Satellite Active Archive (SAA), the
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), the National Geophysical Data Center
(NGDC), and the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). The catalog
supports both full-text search and custom searches utilizing fields corresponding
to the Governmental Information Locator System (OILS) or the Federal Geo-
graphic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standards for Digital Geospatial
Metadata. (See also item IV.B-10.) AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
III.B Selected Data Center Catalogs and Search Tools
III.B-1 CCRS Earth Observation Catalogue (CEOCat). The Canada
Centre for Remote Sensing (see items I.C-1 and IV.B-2) maintains an on-line
inventory of "quick look" images for its holdings of Landsat, Advanced Very
High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Systeme pour ['Observation de la Terre
(SPOT), and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
III.B-2 CRISP Catalogue Browse. This resource permits browsing of
Systeme pour ['Observation de la Terre (SPOT), European Remote Sensing Sat-
ellite (ERS), and RADARSAT imagery for South and Southeast Asia available
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ROBERT S. CHEN
219
from the Center for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP), the Na-
tionalUniversityofSingapore. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL.
III.B-3 EOIS WWW Image Catalogue Service. This prototype interface
provides inventory-level search for the holdings of the Earth Observation Infor-
mation System (EOIS) of the Japanese National Space Development Agency
(NASDA). Searches may be conducted based on area, satellite, sensor, date, and
cloud cover for the Japan area or the globe. Both English and Japanese versions
of the interface are available. (See also items II.B-4, IV.B-8, and IV.B-9.) AVA]~-
A B ~ ~ ~ ~ : U R L .
III.B-4 Global Land Information System (GLIS). The U.S. Geological
Survey's GLIS provides on-line access to the extensive libraries of land-oriented
remote sensing imagery held by the U.S. government and Canadian and Euro-
pean sources (see also item I.C-5~. Three different interfaces are supported: an X
Window_ client, a PC client, and a WWW interface (including both "frames" and
"nonframes" versions). The client interfaces support more interactive and powerful
search end browse functions. AvA~As~rrY: URL for WWW access and for information on downloading clients.
IV. SELECTED EARTH REMOTE SENSING
DATA SYSTEMS AND CENTERS
IV.A Selected Multinational Data Systems and Centers
IV.A-1 Centre for Earth Observation (CEO). The CEO Programme is a
European Community program for advancing the use of earth observation data.
The WWW site provides access to a set of demonstration case studies related to
satellite orbit tracking, geographic information and visualization, and selected
applications. CEO has developed the European Wide Service Exchange (EWSE)
testbed (see item III.A-5) for the exchange of earth observation data. AvA~As~rrY:
URL .
*IV.A-2 Earthnet online. The European Space Agency (ESA) maintains
access to its satellite data resources via the earthnet online service, including data
from both European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS) and non-ESA satellites.
Instruments include microwave sounder, synthetic aperture radar, altimeter,
Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR), and wind scatterometer. AVA]LAB]~-
: URL .
IV.A-3 The World Data Center System. Many of the World Data Centers
(WDCs) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) hold remote
sensing data of various types. There are 13 discipline centers in the United States
(WDC-A), 7 in Russia (WDC-B), 9 in Europe (WDC-C1), 7 in Japan and India
(WDC-C2), and 9 in China (WDC-D). This Web site contains a guide to the
WDC system and links to WDCs that maintain their own home pages. AVA]~-
As~TY: URL .
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220 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION SOURCES
IV.B Selected National Centers
IV-B-1 Australian Centre for Remote Sensing (ACRES). ACRES is
Australia' s major satellite remote sensing organization, an element of the Austra-
lian Surveying and Land Information Group (AUSLIG), Department of Adminis-
trative Services. ACRES provides access to satellite data from Landsat, Systeme
pour ['Observation de la Terre (SPOT), European Remote Sensing Satellites
(ERS), RADARSAT, Japanese Remote Sensing Satellites (JERS), and other plat-
forms. The Web site includes a digital catalogue of available data. AVA]LAB]~ITY:
URL .
IV.B-2 Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS). The CCRS over-
sees the acquisition of earth observation data and coordinates remote sensing
applications in Canada. It provides access to the CCRS Earth Observation Cata-
logue (CEOCat) image archive (see item III.B-1), including extensive Systeme
pour ['Observation de la Terre (SPOT), Landsat, and RADARS AT imagery, and
maintains a database of remote sensing companies in Canada. AVA]LAB]~ITY:
URL .
IV.B-3 Global Hydrology Research Center (GlIRC). Formerly the Marshall
Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), the GHRC continues to archive and
disseminate hydrological data, including a range of cloud, water, and lightning data.
The site provides access to an on-line search tool, Hydro, and to selected data sets via
File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Avis rrY: URL .
Also see URL for
information about the transfer of data from the former Marshall DAAC to other
DAACs (see item IV.B-4~.
*IV.B-4 NASA Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs). Eight
NASA DAACs provide data management and dissemination support for a wide
range of existing NASA remote sensing data platforms and upcoming Earth
Observing System (EOS) missions:
· Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Facility. Includes SAR data
from the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS)-1, the Japanese Earth Remote
Sensing Satellite (JERS)-1, and the Canadian RADARS AT mission, plus se-
lected Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Landsat, and
high-altitude aerial imagery. URL .
· Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Data Center. Archives
data on land processes from Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C), Landsat
pathfinders (see item V-17), global 1-km AVHRR, and selected airborne plat-
forms. URL . Maps, photographs, and
special project images are also available from the EROS home page at URL
.
· Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) DAAC: Is responsible for data
on upper atmosphere, global biosphere, and atmospheric dynamics, including
data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), Television InfraRed
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ROBERT S. CHEN
221
Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS), Sea-View-
ing Wide-Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS), Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scan-
ner (CZCS), and Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean Atmosphere
Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE). URL .
· Jet Propulsion Laboratory Physical Oceanography (IPL PO) DAAC.
Manages physical oceanography data, including data from the Ocean Topogra-
phy Experiment (TOPEX/Poseidon), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Nim-
bus 7, and Seasat. Future holdings will include scatterometer and altimeter data
from multiple platforms. URL .
· Langley Research Center (LaRC) DAAC. Is responsible for data re-
lated to the earth's radiation budget, tropospheric chemistry, clouds, and aero-
sols, including remote sensing data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
(ERBE), International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), Stratospheric
Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE), Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement II
(SAM II), Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE), First ISCCP Regional Ex-
periment (FIRE), and Space Shuttle. URL .
· National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Oversees data related to
snow and ice, cryosphere, and climate, including passive microwave-derived
products, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) scenes, altim-
eter data, and field experiment data. URL .
· Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) DAAC. Archives and dis-
tributes data related to biogeochemical dynamics of the earth, including field data
from the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP)
Field Experiment (FIFE) and the Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research
(OTTER) Project. URL .
.
Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Facilitates ac-
cess to and integrates socioeconomic and earth science data, including administra-
tive boundary data, census and household survey data, agricultural and land-use/
land-cover data, international environmental treaties and associated status informa-
tion, human health data, and associated metadata. (See also item VI.1.) URL
.
AvA~As~TY: For a current list of the DAACs and their access informa-
tion, see URL . DAAC data holdings
are described in the DAAC Science Data Plan database at .
IV.B-5 National Cartography and Geospatial Center (NCG). NCG
is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) data archive and distribution center for spatial data and
mapping products and services. AVA1LAB1LITY: URL .
IV.B-6 National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is a
research center operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Re
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222 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION SOURCES
search (UCAR), which has extensive holdings of atmospheric and oceanographic
data. The Web site provides access to real-time atmospheric and weather data
from satellites, radar, and other sources (see Section V) and to various research
data archives. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
IV.B-7 National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) Data Centre. This
is the data center for the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)-1C, which
provides very-high-resolution panchromatic data. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL . Also see IRS-1C product information at URL .
IV.B-8 National Space Development Agency (NASDA) Earth Observa-
tion Center (EOC). The EOC is a field center of the Japanese NASDA, estab-
lished to develop satellite remote sensing technology. This Web site provides
information on a range of satellites, including the Advanced Earth Observing
Satellite (ADEOS/MIDORI), the Marine Observation Satellite (MOS)-1, the Ja-
pan Earth Resources Satellite (JERS)-1, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
(TRMM), the Systeme pour ['Observation de la Terre (SPOT), Landsat, and the
European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS). It includes a range of satellite imag-
ery concerning volcanoes, land-use change, weather, and other phenomena; 7
months of data from the ADEOS/MIDORI platform (November 1996-June 1997~;
and access to a test release of the Earth Observation Information System (EOIS)
WWW Image Catalogue Service. (See also items II.B-4, III.B-3, and IV.B-9.)
AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
IV.B-9 National Space Development Agency (NASDA) Earth Observa-
tion Research Center (EORC). The EORC is a research center of the Japanese
NASDA that provides access to data and information regarding various existing
and planned Japanese satellites, including the Marine Observation Satellite
(MOS)-1, the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS)-1, the Tropical Rainfall
Measuring Mission (TRMM), and the Advanced Land Observing Satellite
(ALOS). The Web site includes a data gallery and data library and links to both
U.S. and Japanese Internet search engines. (See also items II.B-4, III.B-3, and
IV.B-8.) AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
IV.B-10 NOAA Satellite Active Archive. The Satellite Active Archive is
an online service of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration' s
(NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
(NESDIS). It provides direct access to data from the Television InfraRed
Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS), De-
fense Meteorological Satellite Program, and Advanced Very High Resolution
Radiometer (AVHRR). (See also item III.A-8.) AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
IV.B-ll Space Monitoring Information Support (SMIS) Laboratory.
This laboratory of the Space Research Institute in Moscow provides access to
data from the Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellites (GOMS),
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ROBERT S. CHEN
223
RESURS 01, and U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) satellites. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
V. OTHER NOTEWORTHY RESOURCES RELATED TO EARTH
REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS AND EDUCATION
V-1 Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Flight
Locator. AVIRIS is an optical sensor that delivers calibrated images of the
upwelling spectral radiance in 224 contiguous bands with wavelengths from 400
to 2500 nanometers (nm). The instrument flies aboard a NASA ER-2 airplane at
approximately 20 km above sea level. The Flight Locator illustrates the mean
geographical path of AVIRIS flights (1992-1997) using the Topologically Inte-
grated Geographic Encoding Reference (TIGER) Mapping Server developed by
theU.S.BureauoftheCensus. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL.
V-2 Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis (CRSSA), Rutgers
University. CRSSA's Web site provides information on a range of remote sens-
ing and geographic information systems (GIS) projects, including the Global
GRASS and GlobalARC CD-ROM Project, a cooperative activity with the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USA/
CERL). The five Global GRASS CD-ROMs contain a wide range of global data
sets related to land, oceans, atmosphere, biosphere, and human activities.
GlobalARC contains 84 themes and a total of 147 raster layers (grids) with cell
resolutions of 4'48" or finer. Other CRSSA projects of interest include work
related to the use of remote sensing in archaeology and mountain gorilla protec-
t i o n . A V A ~ ~ A B ~ ~ ~ T Y : U R L .
V-3 Core SW ImageNet~). Core Software Technology is a commercial
vendor of satellite data. It provides access to Landsat 4 and 5 data from Earth
Observation Satellite Corporation (EOSAT); SovInformSputnik (SIS) data from
the Russian Space Agency; Systeme pour ['Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 1, 2,
and 3 data from SPOT IMAGE Corporation; polar orbiting data from the Austra-
lian Centre for Remote Sensing (ACRES); and European data from Eurimage.
AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
V-4 Declassified Intelligence Satellite Imagery. A broad selection of
satellite imagery from the 1960s and 1970s has been declassified by the U.S.
intelligence community. Images may be browsed and ordered through the
Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Data Center (see item IV.B-4~.
AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
V-5 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Home
Page. This archive provides access to data from the DMSP satellites, including
measurements from the Operational LineScan (OLS) instrument, the Special
Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I), and other instruments. AVA1:LAB1:LITY: URL
.
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224 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION SOURCES
V-6 Delft Institute for Earth-Oriented Space Research. Located at the
Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands, this institute focuses on orbit
determination, altimetry, and satellite geodesy. The Web site contains infor-
mation on the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2, in-
cluding the latest results from ERS-2 related to sea-surface variability, wind
speed, wave height, and Gulf Stream velocities. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL .
*V-7 EarthRISE: Earth Remote Imagery for Science and Education.
This database provides access to a collection of photographs of the earth taken
from the NASA Space Shuttle during the past 15 years using hand-held cameras.
The database interface supports searching by form, political unit, and topographi-
cal features. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL .
V-8 Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat). The EarthSat home page
describes a range of EarthSat applications related to geology, flooding, agricul-
ture, environment, transportation, and weather. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL .
V-9 EarthWatch, Inc. EarthWatch provides high-resolution imagery,
digital terrain models, and digital maps through its Digital Globe_ database.
EarthWatch is planning to build and launch two commercial high-resolution
imaging satellites, EarlyBird and QuickBird. EarlyBird was successfully
launched on December 24, 1997. The Web site includes a short primer on remote
sensing. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL . A1SO see URL
.
V-10 Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research
Center. The Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch hosts a number of
research efforts involving applications of remote sensing, including the Center
for Health Applications of Aerospace Related Technologies (CHAART), the
Global Monitoring and Human Health Program, the Landsat Program, tem-
poral urban mapping, use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to investigate
high-latitude wetlands, and new sensor development. AVAILABILITY: URL .
*V-ll ENTRI Remote Sensing Gallery. As part of the on-line guide for
the Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) service, the Socio-
economic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) has developed examples of the
use of remote sensing to monitor compliance with international environmental
treaties. Av A]:LAB]:~ITY: U RL .
V-12 Eurimage. Eurimage is a consortium of four European earth observa-
tion companies: British Aerospace (U.K.), Dornier (Germany), SSC-Satellitbild
(Sweden), and Nuova Telespazio (Italy). It provides access to current data from
a range of platforms, including Landsat, European Remote Sensing Satellites
ERS-1 and -2, Television InfraRed Observation Satellite (TIROS), RESURS-01,
Japan Earth Resources Satellite (JERS)-1, Kosmos (KVR 1000, TK-350, and
MK-4), and the Russian MIR Space Station, as well as archived data from the
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ROBERT S. CHEN
225
Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission
(HCMM), the Marine Observing Satellite (MOS), Seasat Synthetic Aperture Ra-
dar (SAR), and the Metric Camera. The Web site provides detailed technical
information, a discussion of applications, and access to the EiNet on-line catalog
(by subscription). AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
V- 13 The GeoTIFF Web Page. This Web site provides information on the
effort to establish an interchange format based on the Tag Image File Format
(TIFF_) or georeferenced raster imagery. Last updated in June 1996, the site
provides access to the official release version of the GeoTIFF Specification and
lists GeoTIFF data providers and software vendors. Links are provided to a
GeoTIFF File Transfer Protocol (FTP) archive maintained by the SPOT IMAGE
Corporation. AVAILABILITY: URL .
*V-14 The Great Globe Gallery. This site provides more than 100 differ-
ent links to images of the earth drawn from diverse sources. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL
.
V-15 Ionia "1 km AVHRR Global Land Data Set" Net-Browser. This
service of the European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Research Institute
(ESRIN) allows users to browse Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
(AVHRR) land data from 1992 to the present. The Web site also provides access
to a Fire Atlas (fire detection based on AVHRR data) and to the Global 1 km
AVHRR Server. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL . Also see
URL .
V-16 Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Monterey Satellite Products.
The Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California, provides near-real-time
access to a range of meteorological satellite data products, including data from
the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-8 and -9 and the
Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS)-5. The site includes imagery,
movies, documentation, forecasts, and other resources. AVA]LABI~TY: URL
.
V-17 NOAA/NASA Path~nder Programs. The U.S. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration and NASA have sponsored a range of "pathfinder"
activities to reprocess existing satellite data in support of global change research.
Pathfinders include data based on the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
(AVHRR), the Television InfraRed Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Ver-
tical Sounder (TOVS), the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
(GOES), the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I), and Landsat. AVA]~-
As~TY: URL .
V-18 ORBIMAGE. ORBIMAGE provides data from the OrbView 1 and 2
satellites and the planned OrbView 3 satellite. OrbView 1 includes two sensors,
the Optical Transient Detector (OTD) and the Global Positioning System Meteo-
rology (GPS/MET) instrument. OrbView 2 (SeaStar_) was successfully
launched on August 1, 1997, carrying the Sea-Viewing Wide-Field-of-View Sen
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226 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION SOURCES
sor (SeaWiFS) (see also item V-26. OrbView 2 data will be made available
through an on-line OrbNetSM Digital Archive after launch. The ORBIMAGE
Web site also provides access to the SunCast(D Data Service, which offers next-
day forecasts of ultraviolet radiation to the general public. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL
.
V-l9 RADARSAT Program Official WWW Server. The RADARSAT Pro-
gram of the Canadian Space Agency maintains a WWW server that provides general
information on the RADARSAT mission and links to sites that are distributing and
using RADARS AT data. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
V-20 Remote Sensing and Modeling. The Center for Energy Studies at
the Ecole des Mines de Paris has a Remote Sensing and Modeling group that
focuses on earth observation from space and the modeling of processes contribut-
ing to the signal measured by spaceborne sensors. Applications include urban
climate and air quality, urban mapping, oceanography and coastal zones, and
meteorology and solar meteorology. As: URL .
V-21 Satellite Imagery, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric
Science. This site provides near-real-time High Resolution Picture Transmission
(HRPT) and Local Area Coverage (LAC) daily image composites for selected
marine areas in support of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). AVA]~-
As~TY: URL .
V-22 Satellite Images in the Network Office Archive. This collection
includes multiple satellite images of Long Term Ecological Research (LTER)
sites, primarily from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Systeme pour
['Observation de la Terre (SPOT) from the late 1980s and early 1990s. AVA]:~-
ABILITY: URL .
*V-23 Satellite Observations of the Atmosphere. The Mesoscale and
Microscale Meteorology Division at the National Center for Atmospheric Re-
search (see item IV.B-6) has developed a Web page on satellite observations of
the atmosphere. The site includes access to real-time imagery from the Geosta-
tionary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-8, an image gallery includ-
ing selected animations, and a guide to satellite coverage and orbits (both geosta-
tionary and polar orbiting). AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
V-24 Satellite Remote Sensing and Archaeology. This Web site, developed
by M. J. F. Fowler in the United Kingdom, provides samples of satellite imagery
used in remote sensing, a calendar of relevant meetings, a bibliography, and links to
other related resources. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL .
*V-25 SatPasses: Predictions of Satellite Passes over North American
Cities. This Web site delivers predictions of when the Space Shuttle, the MIR
Space Station, and other satellites will pass over selected North American cities.
It includes links to other satellite tracking resources (including a comparable
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ROBERT S. CHEN
227
service for cities in other regions of the world). AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
*V-26 SeaWiFS Project Home Page. This home page contains a wide
range of data and information resources about the Sea-viewing Wide-Field-of
view Sensor (SeaWiFS) mission (launched in August 1997) (See item V-18.)
Included are technical documents, browse imagery, a teacher's guide, lists of
ground stations, and current mission information. AVA]LAB]~ITY: URL .
V-27 Space Imaging EOSAT's Online CARTERRA_ Archive. This
commercial digital archive contains panchromatic, multispectral, and wide-field
data from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-1C, high-resolution digital
photography, and selected radar and submeter products. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL
.
V-28 Space Shuttle Earth Observations Project (SSEOP) Database of
Photographic Information and Images. This is an on-line database of photo-
graphs taken from the Space Shuttle using hand-held cameras. The database may
be searched by feature and location and returns a jpeg image and text description
of Shuttle photographs. Information on ordering hard-copy photographs is also
provided. AVA]:LAB]:~ITY: URL .
V-29 Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) Real-Time Data.
The SSEC at the University of Wisconsin at Madison provides real-time data
from geostationary satellites, such as the Geostationary Operational Environmen-
talSatellites(GOES). This site contains browse-qualityimages only. AVA]:LAB]:~-
: URL .
V-30 SPOT IMAGE. The French Systeme pour ['Observation de la Terre
(SPOT) satellites 1, 2, and 3 have provided high-resolution, stereo imagery since
1986. SPOT 4 is scheduled for launch in early 1998. SPOT IMAGE Corporation
offers a range of data products, including land classification data and high-reso-
lution urban digital imagery (both satellite and aerial). The Worldwide SPOT
Scene Catalogue is available on CD ROM, and an online catalog, DALI, pro-
vides metadata for more than 4 million SPOT scenes and browse images for more
than 1 million. AVA~AB~ITY: URL .
V-3 1 Stratospheric Ozone and Human Health Project Home Page. This
on-line service provides access to historical and near-real-time estimates of sur-
face doses of ultraviolet radiation based on satellite measurements from the Total
Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and other instruments. The site includes an on-
line bibliography on stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, and hu-
man health and provides links to other related data and Internet resources. AVA]:~-
ABILITY: URL .
*V-32 View from Satellite. This utility provides a view of the earth from
the current position of the selected satellite in its orbit. Orbital data for hundreds
of earth observing and communications satellites are updated regularly. AVA1:L-
ABILITY: URL .
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228 GUIDE TO MOTH EMOTE SENSING DATA ED INFO~TION SOURCES
VI. SELECTED E-MAIL/VVWW GATEWAYS
VI.1 E-Mail Access to WWW Human Dimensions Data and Informa-
tion Resources. The Consortium for International Earth Science Information
Network (CIESIN) Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) main-
tains a service to provide e-mail access to human dimensions data and informa-
tion resources available over the WWW (see also item IV.B-4~. Users may re-
trieve WWW documents either as plain text or in hypertext format for local
viewing with a standard browser. The service currently utilizes the Agora soft-
ware developed by the W3 Consortium, which does not yet support hypertext
forms. The service is free, but registration is required. AVA]LAB]~ITY: Send an e-
mail message to with the word "help" in the body of
the message. For assistance, contact CIESIN User Services at .
VI.2 GetWeb. SatelLife HealthNet's GetWeb server allows users to re-
quest WWW pages via e-mail. It supports both text and hypertext format docu-
ments and is capable of submitting keyword searches to standard Internet search
services. SatelLife is an international not-for-profit organization serving health
communication and information needs of developing countries. Avis rrY: URL
, or send e-mail to with the subject line blank and the command "GET
Representative terms from entire chapter:
provides access
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