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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×

C Committee Meetings

First Meeting

November 25-26, 1996

Presentations

Study Background and Expectations from Sponsor

Hubert E. Wilson and Ray Conrad, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), Washington, D.C.

Bomb Scene Investigation Procedures

Michael Bouchard, ATF, Washington, D.C.

Federal Aviation Administration Explosive Detection Program

Lyle Malotky, Committee Member

Second Meeting and Workshop, ''Technical Details Relevant to the Use and Effectiveness of Taggants"

January 13-15, 1997

Presentations

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Work on Plastic Explosive Taggants (in Executive Session)

Tung-ho Chen, Committee Member

NOTE: Because of the sensitive nature of some of the information, some presentations to the committee were not delivered in open session. These are indicated by "(in Executive Session)."

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×

Nationwide Pilot Test for the Identification Tagging of Explosives (1977-1980)

Gary H. Fuller (former Aerospace Corporation staff), Systems Support Inc., Great Falls, Va.

Taggant Concept—Microtrace Inc.

William J. Kerns and Charles W. Faulkner, Microtrace Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.

Taggant Concept—Micro Tracers Inc.

David A. Eisenberg, Micro Tracer Inc., San Francisco, Calif.

Taggant Stakeholder—National Mining Association

Terry O'Connor and Bobby J. Jackson, National Mining Association, Washington, D.C.

Taggant Stakeholder—Institute of Makers of Explosives

J. Christopher Ronay, Institute of Markers of Explosives, Washington, D.C.

Taggants and Explosive Detection Research

David Boyd, National Institute of Justice, Washington, D.C.

Taggant Stakeholder—A Law Enforcement Perspective

Lt. Thomas Spencer and Sgt. Howard Rechtshaffen, Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, Los Angeles, Calif.

Taggant Concept—Chemical Delivery Systems Inc.

Victor A. Cranich, Chemical Delivery Systems Inc., Kettering, Ohio

Taggant Concept—SRI International

James Colton, SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.

Taggant Concept—Isotag LLC

Manuel E. Gonzalez and Dale Spall, Isotag LLC, Houston, Tex.

Taggant Concept—Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc.

Daniel Bolt, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc., Andover, Mass.

Taggant Concept—Tri-Valley Research

John Pearson and Robert M. Pearson, Tri-Valley Research, Medford, Ore.

Taggant Concept—BioTraces Inc.

Andrzej Drukier and James Wadiak, BioTraces Inc., Fairfax, Va.

Taggant Concept—Biocode Inc.

Frank Angella, Biocode Inc., Cambridge, Mass.

Taggant Concept—Innovative Biosystems Inc.

Keith Stormo, Innovative Biosystems Inc., Moscow, Idaho

Taggant Stakeholder—Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute

James J. Baker, Donald H. Burton, and Kenneth Green, Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute, Washington, D.C.

Taggant Stakeholder—National Rifle Association

Tanya K. Metaksa and Mark Barnes, National Rifle Association, Washington, D.C.

Taggant Stakeholder—Chemical Manufacturers Association

Marybeth Kelliher, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Arlington, Va.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×

Taggant Stakeholder—American Pyrotechnics Association

John A. Conkling and Julie Hechtman, American Pyrotechnics Association, Gaithersburg, Md.

Taggant Stakeholder—International Society of Explosives Engineers

Jeffrey L. Dean, International Society of Explosives Engineers, Cleveland, Ohio

Third Meeting

March 3-5, 1997

Presentations

JASON Program Reports on Explosives Detection (in Executive Session)

Paul Horowitz, Harvard University, and member of the JASON program

Types of Explosives and Precursor Materials (in Executive Session)

Jimmie Oxley, Committee Member

Types of Bombers, Tactics, Materials, and Methods of Fabrication (in Executive Session)

Gregory A. Carl, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, D.C.

Explosives Manufacturing, Chain of Ownership, and Impurity Profiling Between Batches

Paul Rydlund, El Dorado Chemical, St. Louis, Mo.

Taggant Stakeholder—The Fertilizer Institute

Gary Myers, President, and Ford West, Vice President, the Fertilizer Institute, Washington, D.C.

Technical Support Working Group on Counterterrorism Explosives Detection Programs (in Executive Session)

Michael Jakub, State Department, Washington, D.C.

Explosives Desensitization Program (in Executive Session)

Joseph Heimerl, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Md.

Navy Work on Desensitizing of Explosive Materials (in Executive Session)

Ruth Doherty, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head, Md.

Chemical Weapons Convention Controls on Precursor Chemicals (in Executive Session)

William Carpenter, Monsanto (retired), St. Louis, Mo., and Robert Mikulak, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Washington, D.C.

Drug Enforcement Agency Controls on Precursor Chemicals (in Executive Session)

John Moudri, Drug Enforcement Agency, Washington, D.C.

Chemical Industry Flows (in Executive Session)

Jeffrey C. Terry, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Arlington, Va.

Congressional Discussion

Christopher Putala, Senator Joseph Biden's Office, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×

Fourth Meeting

March 24-25, 1997

Presentations

Holston Army Ammunition Plant Marking of Military C-4 Explosive (in Executive Session)

Jerry Hammonds, Holston Army Ammunition Plant, Kingston, Tenn.

Law Enforcement Perspectives (in Executive Session)

Richard Saferstein (retired), New Jersey State Police Laboratory, Trenton, N.J.

Cobalt-60 Detection Taggant Evaluation (in Executive Session)

Kenneth Moy, Special Technologies Laboratory, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Types of Explosive Materials Used in Improvised Explosive Devices (in Executive Session)

Richard Strobel, ATF Laboratory, Rockville, Md.

Taggant Usefulness in an Actual Bombing Case (in Executive Session)

Daniel Boeh, ATF Investigator, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Landmine Sniffing Technologies (in Executive Session)

Regina Dugan, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Arlington, Va.

Ammonium Nitrate Manufacturing

Robert Hopler, Committee Member

Status of the Commercial Explosives Industry

Robert Hopler, Committee Member

Legal Issues in Actual Bombing Cases

James W. Jardine, Q.C., Barrister and Solicitor, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Behavioral Science: Deterrent Effects on Crime

Daniel Nagin, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Risk Assessment

James Lamb, Jellinek, Schwartz and Connolly Inc., Washington, D.C.

Measuring Costs and Benefits

Richard Mudge, Apogee Research Inc., Bethesda, Md.

Site Visit

March 26, 1997

Members of the committee visited the ATF (Rockville, Md.) and FBI (Washington, D.C.) forensic science laboratories associated with bomb scene investigations

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×

Site Visit

April 6-11, 1997

Six members of the committee visited the Swiss Scientific Research Service (Zurich, Switzerland) and the British Ministry of Defence (London, England)

Fifth Meeting

May 5-6, 1997

Presentations

Briefings on ATF/FBI Laboratories and European Site Visits Reports (in Executive Session)

Alexander MacLachlan and Edward Arnett, Committee Members

Desensitization of ANFO

Joseph V. Urenovitch and Bibhu Monhanty, ICI Explosives, McMasterville, Quebec, Canada

Bomb Scene Investigation and Utility of Taggants

Steven Burmeister, FBI Laboratory, Washington, D.C.

Congressional Discussion

William McGeveran, Representative Charles Schumer's Office, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.

Sixth Meeting

June 1-3, 1997

Committee Deliberations

Seventh Meeting

July 17-18, 1997

Committee Deliberations

Eighth Meeting

September 4-5, 1997

Committee Deliberations

Ninth Meeting

January 22-23, 1998

Committee Deliberations

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×
Page 177
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×
Page 178
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×
Page 179
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×
Page 180
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C." National Research Council. 1998. Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5966.
×
Page 181
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In response to the rising concern of the American public over illegal bombings, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms asked the National Research Council to examine possible mechanisms for reducing this threat. The committee examined four approaches to reducing the bombing threat: addition of detection markers to explosives for pre-blast detection, addition of identification taggants to explosives for post-blast identification of bombers, possible means to render common explosive materials inert, and placing controls on explosives and their precursors. The book makes several recommendations to reduce the number of criminal bombings in this country.

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