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Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Citation Manager

. "9 Vitamin B12." Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline

Treatment

Comments

1 µg/d of B12 p.o.a

Serum B12 rose to 121 pmol/L (164 pg/mL) (said to be normal) and hemoglobin stabilized at 10.7 g/ 100 mL

1 pint/d of fresh milk (≈1.5 µg of B12)b

Serum B12 maintained at 100 pmol/L (134 pg/mL)

Not specified

Seven fulfilled at least one criterion for tissue B12 deficiency

1 µg/d of B12 p.o.

Serum B12 rose to 64 pmol/L (87 pg/mL), well below normal; gastritis may have decreased absorption of any B12 inadvertently present in the food

None

Half had serum B12 values < 74 pmol/L (100 pg/mL)

0.07–0.25 µg/d of B12

Judged inadequate

0.3–0.65 µg/d of B12

Hematological responses seen but serum B12 ≤ 74 pmol/L (100 pg/mL) in all

Interpretation complicated by transfusions and intramuscular injections

c SD = standard deviation.

d NA = not available.

Possible Ancillary Method: Maintenance of a Serum B12 Concentration That Is Consistent with a Normal Circulating MMA Value

Several investigators have urged the use of the serum MMA concentration as the most sensitive indicator of B12 status (Lindenbaum et al., 1990; Moelby et al., 1990; Savage et al., 1994b; Stabler et al., 1996). This indicator could not be used as the criterion for setting

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Front Matter (R1-R24)
Summary (1-16)
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (17-26)
2 The B Vitamins and Choline: Overview and Methods (27-40)
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (41-57)
4 Thiamin (58-86)
5 Riboflavin (87-122)
6 Niacin (123-149)
7 Vitamin B6 (150-195)
8 Folate (196-305)
9 Vitamin B12 (306-356)
10 Pantothenic Acid (357-373)
11 Biotin (374-389)
12 Choline (390-422)
13 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (423-436)
14 A Research Agenda (437-442)
A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (443-447)
B Acknowledgments (448-450)
C Système International d'Unités (451-452)
D Search Strategies (453-455)
E Methodological Problems Associated with Laboratory Values and Food Composition Data for B Vitamins (456-459)
F Dietary Intake Data from the Boston Nutritional Status Survey, 1981–1984 (460-465)
G Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1995 (466-477)
H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (478-501)
I Daily Intakes of B Vitamins by Canadian Men and Women, 1990, 1993 (502-506)
J Options for Dealing with Uncertainties in Developing Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (507-511)
K Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B12 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (512-519)
L Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (520-522)
M Evidence from Animal Studies on the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects (523-526)
N Estimation of the Period Covered by Vitamin B12 Stores (527-530)
O Biographical Sketches (531-536)
P Glossary and Abbreviations (537-540)
Index (541-567)