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PAPERBACK + PDF your price: $56.50 add to cart PAPERBACK list:$47.95 Web:$43.16 add to cart HARDBACK list:$69.95 Web:$62.96 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $37.00 add to cart PDF CHAPTERS your price: $1.80 select Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Other Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998) Institute of Medicine (IOM) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 478   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 TABLE H-1 Dietary Thiamin Intake (mg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,506 1.60 0.01 M, 9–13 1,219 1.84 0.03 M, 14–18 908 2.09 0.04 M, 19–30 1,902 1.99 0.03 M, 31–50 2,533 1.95 0.02 M, 51–70 1,942 1.87 0.03 M, >70 1,255 1.72 0.02 F, 9–13 1,238 1.62 0.02 F, 14–18 980 1.63 0.03 F, 19–30 1,972 1.56 0.02 F, 31–50 2,988 1.52 0.02 F, 51–70 2,076 1.50 0.02 F, >70 1,368 1.49 0.01 Pregnant F, 14–55 346 1.81 0.05 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 22,233 1.72 0.01 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person Page 478 Front Matter (R1-R24) Summary (1-16) 1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (17-26) 2 The B Vitamins and Choline: Overview and Methods (27-40) 3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (41-57) 4 Thiamin (58-86) 5 Riboflavin (87-122) 6 Niacin (123-149) 7 Vitamin B6 (150-195) 8 Folate (196-305) 9 Vitamin B12 (306-356) 10 Pantothenic Acid (357-373) 11 Biotin (374-389) 12 Choline (390-422) 13 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (423-436) 14 A Research Agenda (437-442) A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (443-447) B Acknowledgments (448-450) C Système International d'Unités (451-452) D Search Strategies (453-455) E Methodological Problems Associated with Laboratory Values and Food Composition Data for B Vitamins (456-459) F Dietary Intake Data from the Boston Nutritional Status Survey, 1981–1984 (460-465) G Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1995 (466-477) H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (478-501) I Daily Intakes of B Vitamins by Canadian Men and Women, 1990, 1993 (502-506) J Options for Dealing with Uncertainties in Developing Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (507-511) K Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B12 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (512-519) L Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (520-522) M Evidence from Animal Studies on the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects (523-526) N Estimation of the Period Covered by Vitamin B12 Stores (527-530) O Biographical Sketches (531-536) P Glossary and Abbreviations (537-540) Index (541-567)

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 TABLE H-1 Dietary Thiamin Intake (mg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,506 1.60 0.01 M, 9–13 1,219 1.84 0.03 M, 14–18 908 2.09 0.04 M, 19–30 1,902 1.99 0.03 M, 31–50 2,533 1.95 0.02 M, 51–70 1,942 1.87 0.03 M, >70 1,255 1.72 0.02 F, 9–13 1,238 1.62 0.02 F, 14–18 980 1.63 0.03 F, 19–30 1,972 1.56 0.02 F, 31–50 2,988 1.52 0.02 F, 51–70 2,076 1.50 0.02 F, >70 1,368 1.49 0.01 Pregnant F, 14–55 346 1.81 0.05 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 22,233 1.72 0.01 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 1.13 1.20 1.26 1.35 1.55 1.79 1.96 2.08 2.27 1.15 1.24 1.31 1.42 1.66 1.97 2.19 2.35 2.60 1.20 1.32 1.37 1.52 1.86 2.33 2.60 2.85 3.42 1.07 1.18 1.30 1.44 1.78 2.27 2.57 2.88 3.41 1.06 1.21 1.29 1.43 1.75 2.19 2.49 2.71 3.21 1.01 1.13 1.20 1.33 1.63 2.03 2.29 2.50 2.90 1.03 1.13 1.19 1.31 1.56 1.92 2.15 2.39 2.68 1.09 1.18 1.24 1.33 1.54 1.79 1.94 2.07 2.38 1.09 1.15 1.21 1.31 1.55 1.84 2.01 2.16 2.49 0.94 1.02 1.09 1.21 1.45 1.76 1.99 2.20 2.49 0.92 1.02 1.09 1.19 1.41 1.72 1.92 2.08 2.34 0.93 1.01 1.06 1.17 1.38 1.65 1.82 1.96 2.23 0.94 1.02 1.09 1.18 1.38 1.65 1.81 1.98 2.21 1.07 1.18 1.25 1.35 1.68 2.04 2.26 2.40 2.96 1.00 1.10 1.18 1.29 1.56 1.90 2.15 2.36 2.73 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D–88D. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-2 Total Thiamin Intake (mg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,601 1.88 0.05 M, 9–13 1,262 2.55 0.24 M, 14–18 942 3.42 0.57 M, 19–30 1,962 4.25 0.54 M, 31–50 2,612 6.67 1.23 M, 51–70 2,033 4.60 0.47 M, >70 1,329 3.87 0.45 F, 9–13 1,282 2.12 0.16 F, 14–18 1,001 1.94 0.07 F, 19–30 2,027 3.83 0.51 F, 31–50 3,073 4.05 0.27 F, 51–70 2,148 4.60 0.49 F, >70 1,444 5.04 0.96 Pregnant F, 14–55 354 5.64 1.38 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 23,070 4.3 0.26 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 0.99 1.15 1.24 1.37 1.65 2.15 2.56 2.78 3.17 1.08 1.20 1.30 1.43 1.72 2.20 2.56 2.88 3.40 1.04 1.25 1.35 1.50 1.91 2.43 2.83 3.29 4.05 0.97 1.15 1.29 1.46 1.87 2.61 3.24 3.84 6.09 0.99 1.18 1.31 1.48 1.89 2.68 3.30 3.84 6.81 0.86 1.09 1.20 1.36 1.78 2.62 3.26 3.90 7.09 0.64 1.06 1.16 1.31 1.69 2.54 3.19 3.87 5.72 1.02 1.15 1.24 1.34 1.60 1.99 2.49 2.86 3.27 1.05 1.14 1.21 1.32 1.60 1.98 2.37 2.71 3.33 0.89 1.02 1.09 1.24 1.56 2.26 2.87 3.39 5.01 0.89 1.02 1.11 1.24 1.58 2.39 3.07 3.96 8.64 0.90 1.01 1.09 1.22 1.54 2.59 3.10 3.89 10.76 0.82 0.98 1.08 1.21 1.53 2.64 3.24 4.14 10.98 1.06 1.27 1.34 1.56 2.86 4.32 4.79 5.12 6.25 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D–88D. Includes estimated intake from supplements. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-3 Dietary Riboflavin Intake (mg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,506 2.06 0.02 M, 9–13 1,219 2.28 0.03 M, 14–18 908 2.52 0.07 M, 19–30 1,902 2.33 0.03 M, 31–50 2,533 2.27 0.03 M, 51–70 1,942 2.18 0.03 M, >70 1,255 2.03 0.03 F, 9–13 1,238 1.98 0.03 F, 14–18 980 1.85 0.04 F, 19–30 1,972 1.78 0.02 F, 31–50 2,988 1.75 0.02 F, 51–70 2,076 1.74 0.02 F, >70 1,368 1.74 0.02 Pregnant F, 14–55 346 2.19 0.08 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 22,233 2.03 0.01 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 1.34 1.47 1.56 1.69 1.99 2.32 2.50 2.65 2.84 1.29 1.48 1.56 1.70 2.07 2.50 2.77 2.97 3.33 1.19 1.35 1.45 1.68 2.20 2.82 3.31 3.71 4.32 1.18 1.33 1.44 1.62 2.09 2.66 3.02 3.34 3.90 1.20 1.33 1.44 1.61 2.03 2.54 2.83 3.09 3.60 1.13 1.25 1.35 1.52 1.87 2.35 2.69 2.96 3.42 1.13 1.23 1.34 1.49 1.84 2.31 2.60 2.85 3.28 1.19 1.33 1.41 1.56 1.84 2.26 2.48 2.62 2.94 1.02 1.12 1.20 1.35 1.72 2.14 2.41 2.61 3.03 0.99 1.11 1.18 1.31 1.63 2.01 2.29 2.51 2.85 0.99 1.11 1.19 1.32 1.60 1.96 2.20 2.43 2.75 0.99 1.09 1.17 1.28 1.58 1.92 2.16 2.35 2.76 1.01 1.11 1.19 1.32 1.60 1.95 2.21 2.39 2.71 1.15 1.26 1.35 1.52 1.94 2.41 2.79 3.30 3.71 1.08 1.20 1.30 1.45 1.81 2.27 2.58 2.81 3.24 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D-88D. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-4 Total Riboflavin Intake (mg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,601 2.35 0.05 M, 9–13 1,262 3.01 0.24 M, 14–18 942 3.83 0.57 M, 19–30 1,962 4.60 0.54 M, 31–50 2,612 6.93 1.23 M, 51–70 2,033 4.42 0.40 M, >70 1,329 3.61 0.36 F, 9–13 1,282 2.44 0.15 F, 14–18 1,001 2.18 0.07 F, 19–30 2,027 3.98 0.50 F, 31–50 3,073 4.24 0.27 F, 51–70 2,148 4.66 0.47 F, >70 1,444 4.70 0.68 Pregnant F, 14–55 354 6.20 1.38 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 23,070 4.5 0.26 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 1.12 1.36 1.53 1.71 2.11 2.68 3.14 3.43 3.88 1.18 1.41 1.55 1.71 2.15 2.73 3.19 3.55 4.07 1.03 1.30 1.42 1.66 2.25 2.99 3.64 4.09 5.19 1.08 1.29 1.42 1.64 2.21 3.02 3.73 4.49 6.54 1.12 1.32 1.45 1.66 2.17 3.02 3.81 4.49 7.10 0.95 1.21 1.34 1.54 2.03 2.98 3.74 4.55 6.62 0.68 1.16 1.30 1.49 1.97 2.96 3.67 4.40 6.12 1.07 1.30 1.40 1.57 1.92 2.51 3.04 3.42 3.92 0.98 1.10 1.20 1.36 1.76 2.34 2.77 3.14 3.87 0.95 1.09 1.19 1.35 1.75 2.55 3.30 3.94 5.56 0.96 1.12 1.21 1.37 1.77 2.75 3.46 4.36 8.56 0.96 1.09 1.18 1.35 1.77 2.96 3.55 4.50 8.29 0.86 1.07 1.17 1.37 1.77 3.02 3.72 4.65 10.93 1.18 1.37 1.48 1.84 3.21 5.07 5.51 6.02 7.19 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D–88D. Includes estimated intake from supplements. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-5 Dietary Niacin Intake (mg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,506 19.28 0.14 M, 9–13 1,219 22.32 0.29 M, 14–18 908 27.01 0.55 M, 19–30 1,902 28.48 0.43 M, 31–50 2,533 27.53 0.26 M, 51–70 1,942 26.03 0.29 M, >70 1,255 23.20 0.27 F, 9–13 1,238 19.84 0.20 F, 14–18 980 20.08 0.40 F, 19–30 1,972 21.48 0.26 F, 31–50 2,988 21.62 0.24 F, 51–70 2,076 20.97 0.21 F, >70 1,368 20.28 0.18 Pregnant F, 14–55 346 23.47 0.71 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 22,233 23.56 0.13 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 14.81 15.33 15.93 16.81 18.62 20.90 22.31 23.35 25.27 14.57 15.63 16.33 17.41 19.98 23.39 25.86 28.12 31.85 13.79 15.75 17.01 18.75 23.68 30.72 34.63 39.18 45.24 15.00 16.95 18.23 20.42 25.30 32.30 36.46 39.75 45.60 15.79 17.37 18.59 20.73 25.12 31.09 34.99 37.68 43.16 14.39 15.67 16.70 18.53 22.56 27.86 31.28 33.90 39.57 13.84 15.06 15.85 17.31 20.79 25.48 29.02 31.64 35.67 13.79 14.68 15.33 16.37 18.70 21.56 23.59 25.19 28.19 11.93 13.41 14.30 15.63 18.81 23.20 26.55 28.63 32.64 13.23 14.20 15.00 16.46 19.69 23.96 26.89 28.96 33.56 13.23 14.57 15.42 16.89 19.84 23.96 26.52 28.59 32.13 13.04 14.08 14.81 16.06 19.20 22.68 25.36 27.07 30.36 12.74 13.84 14.57 15.82 18.78 22.43 25.06 26.76 30.30 13.84 14.99 16.28 18.11 21.55 26.15 29.75 32.13 36.40 13.71 14.87 15.79 17.29 20.62 25.60 29.14 32.01 36.78 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D-88D. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-6 Total Niacin Intake (mg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,601 22.78 0.56 M, 9–13 1,262 25.32 0.61 M, 14–18 942 29.17 1.01 M, 19–30 1,962 35.42 1.42 M, 31–50 2,612 39.42 1.66 M, 51–70 2,033 36.85 1.30 M, >70 1,329 35.59 2.64 F, 9–13 1,282 23.32 0.48 F, 14–18 1,001 22.55 0.64 F, 19–30 2,027 29.27 1.07 F, 31–50 3,073 34.24 1.37 F, 51–70 2,148 37.05 1.86 F, >70 1,444 39.14 6.56 Pregnant F, 14–55 354 38.68 2.13 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 23,070 33.5 0.64 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 1.22 1.27 1.32 1.41 1.58 1.79 1.94 2.02 2.18 1.15 1.27 1.34 1.43 1.63 1.92 2.13 2.30 2.65 1.01 1.13 1.27 1.47 1.86 2.43 2.87 3.20 3.71 1.16 1.30 1.41 1.60 2.02 2.57 2.97 3.31 3.91 1.14 1.29 1.41 1.57 1.96 2.48 2.82 3.07 3.54 1.03 1.15 1.24 1.40 1.77 2.32 2.60 2.92 3.31 1.02 1.12 1.20 1.35 1.72 2.23 2.50 2.78 3.22 1.06 1.18 1.24 1.33 1.56 1.82 1.98 2.14 2.44 0.88 0.98 1.05 1.19 1.49 1.86 2.14 2.37 2.70 0.93 1.04 1.12 1.24 1.54 1.93 2.21 2.44 2.77 0.94 1.05 1.13 1.25 1.53 1.89 2.15 2.34 2.72 0.92 1.02 1.11 1.24 1.51 1.90 2.13 2.31 2.65 0.92 1.04 1.13 1.24 1.53 1.93 2.20 2.43 2.76 1.03 1.23 1.31 1.43 1.76 2.25 2.54 2.88 3.63 1.00 1.13 1.21 1.35 1.65 2.08 2.40 2.66 3.09 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D–88D. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-8 Total Vitamin B6 Intake (mg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,601 2.89 0.95 M, 9–13 1,262 2.54 0.24 M, 14–18 942 3.51 0.57 M, 19–30 1,962 4.52 0.54 M, 31–50 2,612 6.90 1.22 M, 51–70 2,033 5.20 0.68 M, >70 1,329 3.82 0.40 F, 9–13 1,282 2.17 0.15 F, 14–18 1,001 2.07 0.13 F, 19–30 2,027 4.25 0.52 F, 31–50 3,073 4.91 0.38 F, 51–70 2,148 5.20 0.54 F, >70 1,444 4.68 0.59 Pregnant F, 14–55 354 8.77 1.45 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 23,070 4.7 0.25 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 1.04 1.23 1.31 1.43 1.67 2.15 2.59 2.80 3.44 1.04 1.23 1.32 1.43 1.69 2.14 2.59 2.90 3.59 0.88 1.08 1.22 1.45 1.89 2.63 3.20 3.63 4.98 1.05 1.26 1.40 1.62 2.13 2.98 3.85 4.51 6.81 1.06 1.28 1.42 1.63 2.16 3.07 3.84 4.61 6.75 0.93 1.13 1.23 1.42 1.97 3.03 3.95 4.68 6.66 0.68 1.05 1.16 1.36 1.87 2.92 3.91 4.41 6.25 0.92 1.14 1.23 1.35 1.62 2.06 2.56 2.96 3.62 0.84 0.97 1.06 1.19 1.53 2.07 2.55 2.94 3.95 0.90 1.03 1.13 1.30 1.68 2.51 3.53 4.29 7.80 0.92 1.06 1.16 1.32 1.73 2.80 3.72 4.74 10.88 0.89 1.03 1.14 1.29 1.75 3.17 4.01 4.79 7.50 0.81 1.00 1.12 1.29 1.77 3.20 4.10 4.74 7.23 1.03 1.31 1.41 1.67 3.72 11.25 11.92 12.32 21.01 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D–88D. Includes estimated intake from supplements. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-9 Dietary Folate Intake (µg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,506 258 2.8 M, 9–13 1,219 278 4.0 M, 14–18 908 306 7.0 M, 19–30 1,902 313 5.1 M, 31–50 2,533 317 4.1 M, 51–70 1,942 322 4.9 M, >70 1,255 302 5.4 F, 9–13 1,238 253 3.7 F, 14–18 980 239 4.4 F, 19–30 1,972 254 3.6 F, 31–50 2,988 255 3.0 F, 51–70 2,076 269 3.6 F, >70 1,368 275 4.2 Pregnant F, 14–55 346 288 9.2 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 22,233 283 1.2 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 169 178 188 204 244 295 323 351 400 170 181 190 204 255 322 368 399 471 157 171 181 204 274 368 429 477 551 163 183 194 219 277 366 430 483 564 166 185 199 225 282 365 436 477 552 165 183 197 222 285 366 437 505 625 163 178 192 213 269 348 405 443 542 156 169 176 191 234 285 330 350 416 140 150 159 170 212 283 323 348 420 145 157 166 183 223 289 338 386 497 147 160 170 189 226 287 334 374 438 152 165 175 196 246 305 357 398 454 152 166 178 200 252 322 368 410 474 155 171 181 205 258 336 381 431 543 154 168 180 200 252 326 381 429 513 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D-88D. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-10 Total Folate Intake (µg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,601 336 6.6 M, 9–13 1,262 337 7.8 M, 14–18 942 330 9.1 M, 19–30 1,962 407 15.1 M, 31–50 2,612 410 10.1 M, 51–70 2,033 429 11.0 M, >70 1,329 387 9.3 F, 9–13 1,282 316 7.0 F, 14–18 1,001 279 7.6 F, 19–30 2,027 369 14.5 F, 31–50 3,073 406 9.7 F, 51–70 2,148 413 10.6 F, >70 1,444 384 12.2 Pregnant F, 14–55 354 858 40.9 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 23,070 393 3.4 NOTE: Total intake estimated as intake from food and from supplements. Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 151 176 191 215 282 460 542 602 673 163 181 192 215 290 415 514 584 674 140 166 177 204 285 399 479 573 730 147 178 191 223 299 471 621 701 893 157 185 203 235 317 496 647 728 922 152 180 199 231 330 590 689 759 939 147 175 193 224 310 552 657 700 805 148 169 178 197 258 394 530 589 669 135 148 158 172 224 321 402 507 625 144 158 170 194 256 453 606 680 909 147 163 178 199 272 554 660 748 983 146 166 181 212 298 584 660 723 849 143 165 179 209 291 561 653 701 792 151 194 226 298 966 1,238 1,306 1,366 1,671 146 168 184 210 292 500 635 708 886 measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D–88D. Includes estimated intake from supplements. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-11 Dietary Vitamin B12 Intake (µg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,506 4.09 0.07 M, 9–13 1,219 5.03 0.16 M, 14–18 909 6.28 0.25 M, 19–30 1,902 5.65 0.08 M, 31–50 2,533 5.58 0.06 M, 51–70 1,942 5.43 0.04 M, >70 1,255 5.30 0.06 F, 9–13 1,238 4.30 0.11 F, 14–18 980 4.43 0.11 F, 19–30 1,972 5.00 0.05 F, 31–50 2,988 5.09 0.03 F, 51–70 2,076 5.05 0.05 F, >70 1,368 4.96 0.05 Pregnant F, 14–55 346 5.30 0.18 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 22,234 5.18 0.02 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 2.57 2.83 2.92 3.17 3.78 4.65 5.09 5.81 6.48 2.78 3.01 3.19 3.60 4.45 5.45 6.22 6.94 8.23 3.10 3.37 3.63 4.05 5.14 6.78 8.17 8.81 12.36 4.42 4.55 4.66 4.81 5.22 5.82 6.28 6.70 7.56 4.48 4.59 4.68 4.81 5.20 5.76 6.16 6.55 7.37 4.46 4.55 4.62 4.77 5.10 5.65 6.09 6.41 7.26 4.45 4.52 4.60 4.69 4.99 5.38 5.81 6.09 6.81 2.49 2.71 2.87 3.14 3.87 4.84 5.57 6.12 7.07 2.63 2.74 2.95 3.26 4.06 4.97 5.51 6.13 7.12 4.27 4.36 4.43 4.53 4.77 5.17 5.46 5.70 6.23 4.38 4.45 4.50 4.60 4.84 5.19 5.44 5.66 6.18 4.36 4.44 4.49 4.58 4.80 5.14 5.39 5.59 6.10 4.37 4.42 4.45 4.53 4.74 5.05 5.31 5.54 5.99 4.27 4.44 4.51 4.70 5.05 5.48 5.76 6.24 7.01 3.32 4.04 4.38 4.55 4.89 5.41 5.82 6.22 7.15 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D-88D. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE H-12 Total Vitamin B12 Intake (µg) of Persons Aged 6 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 6–8 1,601 5.33 0.11 M, 9–13 1,262 8.91 2.00 M, 14–18 942 10.53 2.40 M, 19–30 1,962 12.00 3.11 M, 31–50 2,612 16.96 5.06 M, 51–70 2,033 16.43 2.96 M, >70 1,329 10.49 1.49 F, 9–13 1,282 5.52 0.19 F, 14–18 1,001 7.06 1.90 F, 19–30 2,027 9.57 1.07 F, 31–50 3,073 13.96 1.43 F, 51–70 2,148 13.51 1.51 F, >70 1,444 14.36 2.40 Pregnant F, 14–55 354 13.16 1.23 Both, ≥6, unadjusted 23,070 12.52 0.85 NOTE: Data from one 24-h dietary recall have been adjusted by following methods in National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; and Feinleib M, Rifkind B, Sempos C, Johnson C, Bachorik P, Lippel K, Carroll M, Ingster-Moore L, Murphy R. 1993. Methodological issues in the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors: Within-person

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 2.34 2.79 2.94 3.39 4.48 7.34 8.38 8.96 9.86 2.77 3.06 3.25 3.75 4.95 6.93 8.54 9.72 12.13 2.83 3.18 3.53 4.09 5.30 8.03 9.63 12.09 18.07 4.34 4.52 4.66 4.87 5.40 7.09 10.84 13.17 23.27 4.39 4.57 4.70 4.87 5.45 7.76 11.41 14.21 34.97 4.42 4.55 4.66 4.85 5.48 9.95 11.48 14.05 23.30 4.37 4.51 4.61 4.73 5.19 10.23 11.22 13.54 19.69 2.41 2.69 2.90 3.30 4.34 6.83 8.54 9.46 11.55 2.57 2.72 3.00 3.40 4.31 5.60 6.94 8.75 10.66 4.16 4.36 4.46 4.61 5.04 8.13 10.89 13.44 18.52 4.39 4.49 4.56 4.73 5.20 10.53 11.69 16.83 36.01 4.34 4.45 4.52 4.66 5.12 10.58 11.55 16.43 35.12 4.34 4.42 4.48 4.60 4.97 10.38 11.18 13.85 34.32 4.38 4.52 4.77 5.35 9.50 16.91 17.49 18.85 36.78 3.05 4.06 4.42 4.64 5.21 8.24 11.02 13.44 26.62 variability in selected serum lipid measures—results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III). Can J Cardiol 9:87D–88D. Includes estimated intake from supplements. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

Representative terms from entire chapter:

persons aged