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Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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512
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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline

K
Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B12 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994

TABLE K-1 Serum Folate (ng/mL) of Persons Aged 4 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994

Gender and Age (y)

Number of Examined Persons

Mean

Standard Error of the Mean

Both, 4–8

3,128

11.0

0.3

M, 9–13

1,129

9.0

0.3

M, 14–18

865

6.0

0.4

M, 19–30

1,856

5.0

0.1

Males, 31–50

2,493

5.7

0.2

M, 51–70

1,987

7.4

0.2

M, >70

1,370

9.0

0.3

F, 9–13

1,149

8.2

0.3

F, 14–18

936

5.7

0.2

F, 19–30

1,915

5.8

0.2

F, 31–50

2,929

6.5

0.2

F, 51–70

2,087

8.9

0.3

F, >70

1,534

10.7

0.4

Pregnant F, 14–55

327

10.5

0.8

Both, ≥4, unadjusted

23,705

7.2

0.1

NOTE: Values have been adjusted by following recommendations in Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1994. Assessment of the Folate Methodology Used in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994). Raiten DJ, Fisher KD, eds. Bethesda, MD: LSRO/ FASEB. Values are presented as received from source.
Page
512
Front Matter (R1-R24)
Summary (1-16)
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (17-26)
2 The B Vitamins and Choline: Overview and Methods (27-40)
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (41-57)
4 Thiamin (58-86)
5 Riboflavin (87-122)
6 Niacin (123-149)
7 Vitamin B6 (150-195)
8 Folate (196-305)
9 Vitamin B12 (306-356)
10 Pantothenic Acid (357-373)
11 Biotin (374-389)
12 Choline (390-422)
13 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (423-436)
14 A Research Agenda (437-442)
A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (443-447)
B Acknowledgments (448-450)
C Système International d'Unités (451-452)
D Search Strategies (453-455)
E Methodological Problems Associated with Laboratory Values and Food Composition Data for B Vitamins (456-459)
F Dietary Intake Data from the Boston Nutritional Status Survey, 1981–1984 (460-465)
G Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1995 (466-477)
H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (478-501)
I Daily Intakes of B Vitamins by Canadian Men and Women, 1990, 1993 (502-506)
J Options for Dealing with Uncertainties in Developing Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (507-511)
K Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B12 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (512-519)
L Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (520-522)
M Evidence from Animal Studies on the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects (523-526)
N Estimation of the Period Covered by Vitamin B12 Stores (527-530)
O Biographical Sketches (531-536)
P Glossary and Abbreviations (537-540)
Index (541-567)

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OCR for page 512
DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline K Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B12 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 TABLE K-1 Serum Folate (ng/mL) of Persons Aged 4 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 4–8 3,128 11.0 0.3 M, 9–13 1,129 9.0 0.3 M, 14–18 865 6.0 0.4 M, 19–30 1,856 5.0 0.1 Males, 31–50 2,493 5.7 0.2 M, 51–70 1,987 7.4 0.2 M, >70 1,370 9.0 0.3 F, 9–13 1,149 8.2 0.3 F, 14–18 936 5.7 0.2 F, 19–30 1,915 5.8 0.2 F, 31–50 2,929 6.5 0.2 F, 51–70 2,087 8.9 0.3 F, >70 1,534 10.7 0.4 Pregnant F, 14–55 327 10.5 0.8 Both, ≥4, unadjusted 23,705 7.2 0.1 NOTE: Values have been adjusted by following recommendations in Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1994. Assessment of the Folate Methodology Used in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994). Raiten DJ, Fisher KD, eds. Bethesda, MD: LSRO/ FASEB. Values are presented as received from source.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 4.4 5.3 5.9 6.9 9.4 12.8 14.9 16.9 21.8 3.4 4.0 4.8 5.6 7.7 10.9 12.8 15.3 18.1 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.4 4.7 7.4 8.7 10.5 13.2 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.9 4.0 6.2 7.7 8.7 11.1 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.2 4.6 7.1 9.2 10.5 12.8 2.2 2.7 3.0 3.7 5.7 9.3 12.0 14.3 17.8 2.3 3.1 3.6 4.5 6.9 11.1 15.3 17.9 21.7 3.1 3.8 4.0 4.9 6.8 10.3 11.6 13.9 17.8 2.1 2.5 2.7 3.2 4.9 7.2 8.7 9.7 12.1 1.8 2.3 2.5 3.1 4.6 7.2 9.0 10.5 13.1 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.3 4.9 8.2 10.6 12.4 16.0 2.4 2.9 3.3 4.2 6.6 11.4 14.6 17.0 22.2 2.9 3.6 4.0 5.1 8.0 13.7 17.5 20.6 26.6 2.7a 3.4 3.7 4.7 8.4 13.9 16.6 18.5 20.5a 2.1 2.5 2.9 3.6 5.5 9.0 11.4 13.5 17.2 a Value does not meet standard of reliability or precision. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE K-2 Erythrocyte Folate (ng/mL) of Persons Aged 4 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1988–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 4–8 3,157 222 12.6 M, 9–13 1,137 202 4.2 M, 14–18 864 164 4.4 M, 19–30 1,853 164 2.8 M, 31–50 2,484 182 3.0 M, 51–70 1,968 216 4.5 M, >70 1,266 242 7.3 F, 9–13 1,145 175 3.4 F, 14–18 934 157 4.0 F, 19–30 1,917 168 3.3 F, 31–50 2,924 194 3.4 F, 51–70 2,059 238 5.5 F, >70 1,374 259 7.3 Pregnant F, 14–55 322 261 12.5 Both, ≥4, unadjusted 23,404 197 1.2 NOTE: Values have been adjusted by following recommendations in Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1994. Assessment of the Folate Methodology Used in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994). Raiten DJ, Fisher KD, eds. Bethesda, MD: LSRO/ FASEB. Values are presented as received from source.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 123 140 151 170 212 258 289 312 359 102 116 129 149 190 242 280 306 342 83 94 101 116 149 197 237 261 301 84 95 107 119 151 192 219 244 300 86 102 112 127 166 217 255 282 335 93 108 120 139 188 269 318 353 425 93 113 125 149 207 305 362 419 471 87 104 113 129 167 216 239 260 288 77 89 98 115 141 190 221 240 269 77 88 97 116 149 206 242 270 315 84 97 107 125 172 239 286 324 369 95 113 128 149 206 296 356 408 462 96 116 133 160 228 325 391 432 519 114a 123 140 164 248 344 379 429 461a 87 101 113 130 175 238 284 319 380 a Value does not meet standard of reliability or precision. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE K-3 Serum Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) of Persons Aged 4 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1991–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean Both, 4–8 1,519 781 13.2 M, 9–13 550 620 12.7 M, 14–18 458 516 14.0 M, 19–30 891 470 8.1 M, 31–50 1,201 473 8.4 M, 51–70 937 460 23.7 M, >70 614 449 21.0 F, 9–13 595 612 13.6 F, 14–18 496 509 14.6 F, 19–30 1,049 479 42.1 F, 31–50 1,639 497 42.8 F, 51–70 1,078 504 12.7 F, >70 824 536 66.1 Pregnant F, 14–55 173 426 53.1 Both, ≥4, unadjusted 12,024 517 9.0 NOTE: Values are presented as received from source. a Value does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 409 474 517 569 720 909 1,034 1,103 1,270 344 379 420 470 590 746 825 868 947 261 335 344 395 485 589 656 767 871 251 281 312 355 466 550 623 666 762 236 287 305 348 436 556 633 681 803 190 247 273 317 414 540 630 688 884 187 218 239 298 382 512 629 719 881 344 383 401 453 569 694 794 880 1,060 276 300 319 362 460 618 733 791 871 214 250 277 328 437 580 669 721 805 223 262 287 332 427 589 666 729 827 224 266 291 344 465 605 698 769 919 186 232 261 315 436 622 718 795 953 232a 246 255 293 421 501 549 579 631a 233 274 303 351 466 615 707 790 924   SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline TABLE K-4 Serum Homocysteine (µmol/L) of Persons Aged 12 Years and Older: Mean and Selected Percentiles, United States, 1991–1994 Gender and Age (y) Number of Examined Persons Mean Standard Error of the Mean M, 12–13 177 6.61 0.20 M, 14–18 395 8.39 0.34 M, 19–30 816 10.29 0.26 M, 31–50 1,055 9.93 0.20 M, 51–70 821 11.94 0.49 M, >70 502 13.40 0.49 F, 12–13 226 6.19 0.22 F, 14–18 448 7.08 0.19 F, 19–30 938 8.05 0.15 F, 31–50 1,446 8.36 0.16 F, 51–70 937 9.68 0.19 F, >70 681 11.83 0.36 Pregnant F, 14–55 143 5.41 0.36 Both, ≥12, unadjusted 8,585 9.51 0.09 a Value does not meet standard of reliability or precision. SOURCE: NHANES III, 1988–1994, unpublished data, C.L.Johnson and J.D.Wright, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline Selected Percentiles 5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th 3.90a 4.40 4.80 5.30 16.50 7.70 8.59 8.61 9.51a 4.80 5.40 5.60 6.20 7.40 9.01 9.81 11.60 15.30 5.70 6.40 6.80 7.60 9.20 11.20 12.90 13.90 17.53 6.00 6.40 6.80 7.70 9.00 10.89 12.60 13.90 16.38 6.40 7.40 7.80 8.51 10.20 12.89 13.90 15.30 18.38 6.80 7.90 8.40 9.31 12.11 15.70 17.72 19.01 22.70 3.40a 3.70 4.30 4.70 5.80 7.20 7.91 8.51 9.51a 3.50 4.20 4.90 5.60 6.50 7.90 9.01 9.90 12.10 4.70 5.10 5.40 5.90 7.20 9.40 11.10 12.20 14.09 4.50 5.09 5.50 6.10 7.50 9.20 10.91 12.40 14.30 5.20 5.70 6.30 7.40 8.90 11.01 12.80 14.10 16.01 6.40 7.01 7.50 8.40 10.61 13.40 15.31 17.30 20.53 2.80a 2.80a 3.50 3.50 4.90 6.40 7.30 7.80a 9.30a 4.90 5.50 6.00 6.70 8.51 10.81 12.60 13.90 16.51

Representative terms from entire chapter:

selected percentiles