Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R24
Summary 1-16
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes 17-26
2 The B Vitamins and Choline: Overview and Methods 27-40
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 41-57
4 Thiamin 58-86
5 Riboflavin 87-122
6 Niacin 123-149
7 Vitamin B6 150-195
8 Folate 196-305
9 Vitamin B12 306-356
10 Pantothenic Acid 357-373
11 Biotin 374-389
12 Choline 390-422
13 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes 423-436
14 A Research Agenda 437-442
A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes 443-447
B Acknowledgments 448-450
C Système International d'Unités 451-452
D Search Strategies 453-455
E Methodological Problems Associated with Laboratory Values and Food Composition Data for B Vitamins 456-459
F Dietary Intake Data from the Boston Nutritional Status Survey, 1981–1984 460-465
G Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1995 466-477
H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 478-501
I Daily Intakes of B Vitamins by Canadian Men and Women, 1990, 1993 502-506
J Options for Dealing with Uncertainties in Developing Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 507-511
K Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B12 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 512-519
L Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 520-522
M Evidence from Animal Studies on the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects 523-526
N Estimation of the Period Covered by Vitamin B12 Stores 527-530
O Biographical Sketches 531-536
P Glossary and Abbreviations 537-540
Index 541-567

TABLE N-2 Time in Days until Vitamin B₁₂ Threshold Is Reached

	Turnover Rate
Ratio of Initial Stores to Threshold, from Table N-1	0.1	0.15	0.2
70	4,248	2,832	2,124
60	4,094	2,730	2,047
50	3,912	2,608	1,956
40	3,689	2,459	1,844
30	3,401	2,267	1,701
20	2,996	1,997	1,498
17	2,833	1,889	1,417
16	2,773	1,848	1,386
15	2,708	1,805	1,354
14	2,639	1,759	1,320
13	2,565	1,710	1,282
12	2,485	1,657	1,242
11	2,398	1,599	1,199
10	2,303	1,535	1,151
9	2,197	1,465	1,099
8	2,079	1,386	1,040
7	1,946	1,297	973
6	1,792	1,195	896
5	1,609	1,073	805
4	1,386	924	693
3	1,099	732	549

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R24

Summary 1-16

1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes 17-26

2 The B Vitamins and Choline: Overview and Methods 27-40

3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 41-57

4 Thiamin 58-86

5 Riboflavin 87-122

6 Niacin 123-149

7 Vitamin B6 150-195

8 Folate 196-305

9 Vitamin B12 306-356

10 Pantothenic Acid 357-373

11 Biotin 374-389

12 Choline 390-422

13 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes 423-436

14 A Research Agenda 437-442

A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes 443-447

B Acknowledgments 448-450

C Système International d'Unités 451-452

D Search Strategies 453-455

E Methodological Problems Associated with Laboratory Values and Food Composition Data for B Vitamins 456-459

F Dietary Intake Data from the Boston Nutritional Status Survey, 1981–1984 460-465

G Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1995 466-477

H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 478-501

I Daily Intakes of B Vitamins by Canadian Men and Women, 1990, 1993 502-506

J Options for Dealing with Uncertainties in Developing Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 507-511

K Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B12 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 512-519

L Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 520-522

M Evidence from Animal Studies on the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects 523-526

N Estimation of the Period Covered by Vitamin B12 Stores 527-530

O Biographical Sketches 531-536

P Glossary and Abbreviations 537-540

Index 541-567