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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline
Adults, 19 through 50 years
AIs, 21
derivation of DRIs for, 21 , 32
EARs, 8–9
extrapolation of data to other age groups, 31–33 , 66
supplement use, 272
Adults, 51 through 70 years
AIs, 21
ULs, 48–49
Adults, >70 years
cognitive function, 160 , 268
EARs, 8–9
pernicious anemia in, 317 , 332–333
supplement use, 18 , 79 , 81 , 113 , 182 , 273 , 346 , 462–465
ULs, 48
Adverse effects, 2 , 5–6
biotin, 384–385
choline, 390 , 408–410 , 411
defined, 41
evidence of, 50–51
folate, 273–277
interindividual variability in sensitivity, 48–49
niacin, 123 , 138 , 140–142
nutrient-nutrient interactions, 41 , 49 , 51 , 273–274
pantothenic acid, 370
research recommendations, 15 , 441–442
riboflavin, 87 , 115–116
source of nutrient and, 47–48
thiamin, 58 , 81–82
vitamin B6 , 150 , 182–183 , 186
vitamin B12 , 346
African Americans. See Blacks
Aging. See also Life-stage groups;
individual life stages
and energy metabolism, 75 , 110
and metabolism of nutrients, 213–214 , 228–229 , 233
and nutrient requirements, 318–320
and nutrient toxicity, 48
and plasma homocysteine, 159 , 203 , 518–519
Alanine aminotransferase, 157 , 390 , 394 , 395 , 403
Albumin, 89 , 152 , 198
Alcohol consumption and alcoholism and folate, 204 , 211 , 240 , 263 , 266 , 268 , 276 , 525
and niacin, 126 , 144
and thiamin, 58 , 60
and vitamin B6 , 164
and vitamin B12 , 347
Allergic sensitivity, 81–82
Alopecia, 377 , 378
American Academy of Pediatrics, 30 , 31
Amino acid metabolism, 58 , 88 , 150 , 151 , 161 , 196 , 197 , 358 .
See also individual amino acids
Aminopterin, 246
Anaphylaxis, 81
Anemia, 90 , 153 , 200 , 201 , 233 , 234 , 267 , 329 , 334 .
See also Pernicious anemia
Anencephaly, 241 , 243
Aneurin. See Thiamin
Animal studies
choline, 396 , 397 , 398 , 399 , 413–414
considerations in use of data from, 53
extrapolation of data from, 28 , 43–44 , 46 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 153
neural tube defects, 244 , 245 , 523–525
relevance of, 50 , 51 , 211
vitamin B12 deficiency, 274 , 310 , 346
Antibiotics, 94 , 313 , 320
Anticonvulsants, 212 , 240 , 246 , 276 , 380 , 525
Anti-inflammatory drugs (nonsteroidal), 212
Apotyrosine decarboxylase assay, 156
Ariboflavinosis, 90 , 111
Arnold Chiari malformation, 241
Asians, pernicious anemia, 317
Aspartate aminotransferase, 157
Aspirin, 212
Asthma, 187 , 212
Atherosclerosis, 260
Athletes, 64 , 97 , 400
Atrophic gastritis, 200 , 312 , 317 , 318 , 320 , 331 , 337 , 340 , 341 , 342 , 527
Avidin, 375–376 , 379 , 380
