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OCR for page 337
Index
A
Acentric materials, 59
Acid rain, 37, 192, 202-204
Adsorbed molecules, 22-24, 243-
245, 257
Aging process, 174
Agonists, 127, 130
Agriculture, 106-122, 323-324
Department of, see Federal agen-
cies
Air, clean, 24, 193-205, 325, 326
American Chemical Society mem-
bers, fields of, 331
Analytical chemistry, 10, 195-199,
234-235, 252-258, 297, 320,
325, 326
instrumentation for, 219
separations, 252-253
Angiotensin-converting enzyme in-
hibitors, 124, 130
Antagonists, 127, 130
Antiarrhythmic therapy, 131
Antibacterials, 127-128
Antibiotic research, 127-129
Antibodies, 163
Anticancer agents, 135
Antidepressants, 132
Antifeedants, 113-114
Antifungals, 128
Antigens, 129
Antihypertensive compounds, 130
Anti-inflammatory agents, 137
Antijuvenile hormones, 112-113
Antimetabolites, 135
Antiviral agents, 128-129
Arhythmia, 131-132
Arthritis, 137
Artificial enzyme catalysis, 29-31,
295
Asymmetric catalysts, 78
Atherosclerosis, 130-131, 143
Atmospheric carbon dioxide, 41,
192, 204-205
Atomic energy, 44
Automobile industry, 212-213
B
Baccalaureate chemistry educa-
tion, 280, 285-287
Bacteria, 128
Balance of trade, 7-8, 290, 329
Batteries, 33, 58
Bimolecular reactions, 72
Bioactive molecules, 105, 120-121,
124, 143, 155-177
Biocatalysis, 150-152
Biochemistry,
computational, 97
structure and function in, 170-
171
Bioengineering, 150
Bioinorganic chemistry, 80
Biological weapons, 234-236
Biomass
energy source, 40-41
industrial chemicals from, 152
Biomedicine, 255-256
Biomimetic enzymes, 31
Biosynthesis, 155-163
Biotechnologies, 7, 144-152, 213-
214
Bitumin, 40
Block polymers, 52-53
C
Cancer
diagnosis and prevention of,
175-177
research, 133-136
Capillary chromatography, 273-
274
Carcinogenesis, 133-135
Cardiovascular disease, 129-132
Catalysis, 9, 11, 19, 21-22, 224,
295-296, 314, 320
artificial enzymes, 29-31, 295
biocatalysis, 150-152
electrocatalysis, 27-28, 296
heterogeneous, 19, 22-24, 35,
240-241
homogeneous, 24-27, 83, 157
metal, 23-24, 35, 242
organometallic, 24-27, 83, 157
photocatalysis, 27-28, 296
stereospecific, 26-27, 78
Catalysts, 22, 224
asymmetric, 78
chiral, 78
conversion, 24
environment and, 24
enzyme-like, 29-31
heterogeneous, 23, 35, 242, 295
homogeneous, 24, 83, 295
precious metal, 19, 24-26, 35,
76, 245
stereoselective, 26-27, 78
Catalytic cracking, 35
Central nervous system (CNS),
drugs affecting, 132-133
Ceramics, high technology, 81, 214
Chemical
bonding at surfaces, 243-245
etching, 53-54, 218
feedstocks, 25, 211
fields of ACS members, 331
kinetics, 8, 63, 73-74, 232, 312,
320
of combustion, 37, 232, 312,
320
laser, HE, 68, 93
processes, 21-31
reactions, 21-103
dynamics of, 63-74, 294, 297-
298
electron transfer, 87
fast, 64-65
mechanisms, 37, 73, 83
new pathways of, 75-90
at surfaces, 72-74
theory of, 74-75, 87
reactivity, 11, 63, 294-295
synthesis, 9, 76-79, 155-163
artificial enzymes, 30-31
biological molecules, 106-118,
125-141
DNA, 161-162
inorganic, 81-84
337
OCR for page 338
338
INDEX
metal cluster compounds, 81-
82
natural products, 157-159
organic, 75-79, 84-85
organometallic compounds, 86
photo-assisted, 87-89
theory, 8-9, 72-74, 87, 249-251
vapor deposition (CVD), 54
weapons, 234-236
Chemical and Allied Products in-
dustry, 3, 21-25, 327-331
Chemiluminescence, 68
Chemisorption, 243-245
Chemistry
actinide, 228
analytical, 10, 195-199, 234-
235, 252-258, 297, 320, 325,
326
baccalaureate education in, 285-
287, 330
bioinorganic, 80
biomimetic, 31
defined, 48
Department of Agriculture mis-
sion and, 17, 323-324
Department of Defense mission
and, 16, 318-323
Department of Energy mission
and, 14-15, 310-315
detonation, 231
doctoral education in, 280-284,
330
education, 279-287
electroanalytical, 257-258
electrochemistry, 27, 84, 257
environment and, 7, 11-12, 193-
208, 297-298, 325-326
Environmental Protection Agen-
cy mission and, 18, 325-326
extreme conditions and, 12, 77,
250-251, 298-300
federal investment in, 13-14,
289-291, 330
of genetic material, 168-170
geochemistry, 251, 301
high pressure, 77, 250-251, 298-
299
high speed, 64-67, 230-236
high temperature, 299-300
individualistic activity in, 291-
293
industry, 13, 327; see also Indus-
try, chemical
inorganic, 79-84
intellectual frontiers in, see In-
tellectual frontiers
life processes, 9-10, 11, 105-177,
296-297
low temperature, 66, 69, 82,
300-301
metal cluster, 26, 81-82
mode-selective, 71-72
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration mission and,
17, 324-325
National Institutes of Health
mission and, 15' 315-318
National Science Foundation
mission and, 14, 301-310
national well-being and, 193-
239
nuclear, 259-264, 310
number of degrees awarded in,
281
organic, 75-79, 84-85
organometallic, 25, 82-83
oxidation, 83-84
photochemistry, 69, 84, 87-89;
see also Photosynthesis
polymer, 47, 48-54, 90, 301, 310,
320
postdoctoral education in, 283-
284
precollege education in, 284-285
priority areas in, see Priority ar-
eas
radiochemistry, 229-230
reaction, of surfaces, 81
separations, 224-226, 258-259
societal benefits from, 6-8
at solid/liquid interface, 28-29
state-to-state, 67-69
stereochemistry, 26-27, 77-79
stratospheric, 198-202
surface, 22-24, 223, 240-247
synchrotron radiation applica-
tions in, 101
vectorial, 296
Chemistry: Opportunities and
Needs (1965), 3
Chemotherapy, 135-136
Cheverel phases, 58
Chiral catalysts, 26, 78
Chromatography, 76, 121, 252-
253, 271-276
capillary, 273-274
gas (GC), 271
high performance liquid (HPLC),
272-273
liquid, 271
reversed phase (RPLC), 272-273
Circular intensity differential scat-
tering (CIDS), 235-236
Cluster compounds, 26, 81-82
Co-adsorption on surfaces, 244-245
Coal, 34, 38-39, 311
Color photography, 216
Combustion
of acetylene, 37
chemical kinetics of, 37, 232,
312, 320
of ethylene, 68-69
of natural gas, 37
products of, containment, 232-
233
turbulent systems, 233-234
Companies performing R and D,
330
Competitiveness, 7-8, 21, 209-221
Composites, 47, 59, 214-215
Computational biochemistry, 97
Computer-aided spectrometers, 96,
276-277
Computer graphics, 188
Computers, see Instrumentation,
computers
Condensed phase studies, 247
Conductors
glasses, 59
novel electrical, 55-59
organic, 57
polymeric, 57
semiconductors, 55, 218
solid state ionic, 58
stacks, 55-56
superconductors, 57-58
Conformations of DNA and RNA,
168-170
Conformations of proteins, 163-
165
Contraceptives, 138-139
Contributors, 332-336
Conversion catalysts, 24
Coronary heart disease, 129
Corrosion, 215, 310
Critical materials, 222, 225
Critical phenomena, fluid, 250-251
"Cubane" structure, 26, 88
D
DDT, 194
Decontamination methods, 236
Dedicated instrumentation, 305-
307
Defense frontiers, 237
Department of Agriculture
(USDA), see Federal agen-
cies, USDA
Department of Defense (DOD), see
Federal agencies, DOD
Department of Energy (DOE), see
Federal agencies, DOE
Desorption ionization techniques,
255
Detonation chemistry, 231
Diabetes mellitus, 133
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 134,
144-149, 163, 176-177
chemical synthesis of, 161-163
conformations of, 168-170
recombinant, 146-148, 160-161
sequence coding, 172
Z-, 169-170
Doctoral education in chemistry,
280-284
Doctoral recipients, employed, 330
OCR for page 339
INDEX
Drugs, 125-141 Environmental pollution, 192,
affecting central nervous system, 193-194
E
132-133 Environmental Protection Agency
gastrointestinal, 136-137 (EPA), see Federal agencies,
Duodenal ulcers, 136 EPA
Environmental protection strate-
gies, 195-198
Enzyme inhibitor design, 125-126
Enzyme-like catalysts, 29-31
Enzymes, 29-31, 125-126, 150-
152, 163
ESCA (X-ray photoelectron spec-
troscopy), 267, 269-270
ESR (electron spin resonance),
189-190
Etching, chemical, 53-54, 218
Eukaryotes, 173
EXAFS (extended X-ray absorp-
tion fine structure), 101, 267
Excimers, 92
Executive summary, 6-18
Explosives,, 23(~232
Extended X-ray absorption fine
structure (EXAFS), 101, 267
Economic competitiveness, 7-8, 21,
209-221
Education in chemistry, 279-287
baccalaureate, 285-287, 330
doctoral, 280-284, 330
postdoctoral, 283-284
precollege, 284-285
EELS (electron energy loss spec-
troscopy), 244, 267, 268
Electrical conductors, novel, 55-59
Electrical properties, surface, 246
Electroanalytical chemistry, 257-
258
Electroantennogram technique,
115
Electrocatalysis, 27-28, 296
Electrochemistry, 27, 84, 257
Electrode surfaces, 258
Electrohydrodynamic ionization
(EHMS), 255
Electron and nuclear magnetic
double resonance (ENDOR),
190
Electron energy loss spectroscopy
(EELS), 244, 267, 268
Electron laser, free (FEL), 102-103
Electron spin resonance (ESR),
189-190
Electron transfer reactions, mecha-
nisms, 87
Electronic phenomena in solids,
247-248
Electrophoresis, 121, 125
Employed doctorate recipients, 330
Employed scientists and engineers,
329
Enantiomers, 115
ENDOR (electron and nuclear
magnetic double resonance),
190
Energy, 34-45
alternatives for, 34
atomic, see Nuclear
biomass, 40-41
chemical feedstocks and, 211
consumption, 6
fusion, 44-45
future access to, 311-312
nuclear, 44, 227-230
solar, 41-43
transfer and movement of, 65-
67, 245
Environment, 7, 11-12, 193-208
catalysts and, 24
chemistry and, 11-12, 297-298
339
F
"Factors" as plant growth regula-
tors, 108
Fast atom bombardment (FAB),
255
Federal agencies, Chemistry and
the mission of
Agriculture, Department of, 17,
323-324
Defense, Department of, 16,
318-323
applied and basic research,
319
collaborative relationships,
322
equipment and facilities, 323
special opportunities for, 320
university research support
by, 321-322
Energy, Department of, 14-15,
310-314
fundamental research pro-
grams of, 311
initiative in chemistry, need
for, 311-314
mission of, 311
National Laboratories, techni-
cal qualifications at, 314-
315
priority areas and incremental
resources, 314
Environmental Protection Agen-
cy (EPA), 18, 325-326
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), 17,
324-325
National Institutes of Health,
15, 315-318
National Science Foundation, 14,
301-310
Chemistry Division budget,
309
creativity encouragement, 310
dedicated instrumentation,
304-306
grant size, 306-308
shared instrumentation, 303-
304
Federal investment in chemistry,
13-14, 289-291, 330
Federal role in fundamental re-
search, 13-14, 289
Feedstocks, chemical, 25, 211
Fermentation, 144, 152
Fertility control, 138-139
Field desorption (FD), 255
Field-flow fractionation, 275
Filamentary composites, 59, 81
Fluorescence, laser-induced, 62,
66-67
Fluoride glasses, 54
Food, 106-122
Fourier transform
algorithm, 96
infrared spectrometers (FTIR),
276-277
NMR (FT NMR), 178-179
Free electron laser (FEL), 102-103
Fuel cells, 84
Fuels, 34-41, 230-232
Fungal infections, 128
Fungicides, 117
Fusion energy, 44-45
G
Gas
natural, 25, 37-38
synthesis, 38-39, 243
Gas chromatography, 256-257, 271
Gastrointestinal drugs, 136-137
Gene structure, 172-174
Genetic engineering, 296-297
Genetic material, 168-170
Geochemistry, 251, 301
Glasses
conducting, 59
fluoride, 54
Global cooling, warming, 205
Global pollution, 205
Grant success ratio, NIH, 316-318
Graphics, computers, 187-188
Greenhouse effect, 41, 44, 192,
204-205
Groundwater quality, 206-207
Growth hormone, 148, 154
Growth rate, world population, 106
Growth regulators, 107
OCR for page 340
340
H
Health, 7, 125-141
Heart failure, 131
Herbicides, 105, 117
Heterogeneous catalysis, 19, 22-
24, 25, 240-241, 295, 314
HE chemical laser, 68, 73
High performance liquid chroma-
tography (HPLC), 272-273
High-pressure chemistry, 77, 250-
251, 298-299
High-speed chemistry, 64-67, 230-
236
High-temperature chemistry, 299-
300
High-temperature materials, 59-
60, 81, 214
Hodgkin's disease, 135
Homogeneous catalysis, 24-27, 314
Hormones, 107-114
antijuvenile, 112-113
follicle-stimulating, 138
molting, 111-112
plant growth, 107-111, 154
sex, 138-139
HPLC (high performance liquid
chromatography), 272-273
Human population growth, 106
Hunger, 106
Hypercholesterolemia, 130-131
Hypertension, 124, 129-130
Immunological diseases, 137-138
Import dependence, critical materi-
als, 225
Industrial support for research,
288-289, 330
Industry
basic research in, 288-289
Chemicals and Allied Products,
3, 327-331
chemistry in, 13, 327
employment of chemists, 282,
329
Inert molecules, activation of, 25
Inflammatory diseases, 137-138
Infrared spectroscopy (IR), see In-
strumentation, IR
"Inner-sphere" electron-transfer
mechanism, 87
Inorganic chemistry, 79-84
Inotropic agents, 131
Insect hormones and growth regu-
lators, 111-114
Insect pheromones, 114-116
Insecticides, 116-117
Instrumentation, 91-103, 178-190,
265-278
analytical, 219-220
INDEX
chromatography, 271-276; see
also Chromatography
applications, 76, 121, 125,
252-253
costs, 276
circular dichroism, 121, 278
computers, 95-98
applications, 72-73, 156, 188,
257-258, 276-277
costs, 98
mainframe, 97
microprocessors, 96-97
molecular scale, 219-220
speeds, 94
supercomputers, 96-97
dedicated, 305-307
electron diffraction, 278
electron spin resonance (ESR),
188-190
electrophoresis, 121, 125
flow cytometer, 278
fluorimeter, 65, 278
free electron laser (FEL), 102-
103
infrared spectroscopy, 276-277
applications, 121, 192, 246,
258
costs, 277
ion cyclotron resonance, 278
laser magnetic resonance, 278
lasers, 8, 91-94
applications, 62, 64-67, 69-72,
95, 248
costs, 93
free electron (FEL), 102-103
short wavelength, 92
tunable, 92
types, 93
maintenance and operation, ex-
penses of, 304, 318
mass spectrometry, 183-185
applications, 121, 125, 254-
256, 258, 234-235
costs, 184
molecular beams, 98-99
applications, 68-71, 82
costs, 99
neutron diffraction, 121, 164,
188
nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR), 178-182
applications, 43, 74, 83, 105,
121, 125, 160, 178, 258, 264
costs, 181
imaging, 180, 264
solid state, 179
two-dimensional, 180
obsolescence, 304
optical spectroscopy, 253-254
radioactivity, 259-260, 263
Raman, 278
coherent, 70, 92
surface-enhanced, 29, 245
scintillation counter, 278
sequencer, protein, 278
shared, 303-305, 318
surface sciences, 265-271
applications, 19, 241, 244, 257
costs, 268
synchrotrons, 99-102
applications, 101, 267
costs, 102
synthesizer, oligonucleotide, 171,
278
X-ray diffraction, 185-187
applications, 74, 121, 125, 144,
151, 154, 164, 167-168
costs, 187
Intellectual frontiers, 63-90, 155-
177, 240-263
analytical chemistry, 251-258,
297
biosynthesis, 155-163
catalysis, 22-30, 77-78, 240-
244, 295
chemical reactivity, 63-74
condensed phases, 247-250
critical phenomena, 250-251
DNA
chemical synthesis of, 161-162
structure of, 168-172
electrocatalysis, 296
energy transfer and movement,
65-67
extreme conditions, 59-60, 76,
250-251, 298-299
fast reactions, 64-65
geochemistry, 251
genetic engineering, 168-170,
296-297
high pressure reactions, 97, 250-
251, 298-299
high speed reactions, 64-67,
230-236
high temperature reactions,
299-300
inorganic chemistry, 79-84
life processes, 155-177, 296
liquids, 248-250
low temperature reactions, 66,
69, 82, 300 301
macromolecules, structures of,
163-170
materials, 49-53, 54-60, 89-90,
295
molecular dynamics, 63-74, 249
multiphoton excitation, 69-71
natural product synthesis, 157-
163
nuclear chemistry, 259-264
organic chemistry, 75-79
organometallic compounds, 82-
84, 85-89
photochemistry, 87-88
plasma chemistry, 300
polymers, 48-54, 56-57, 90
OCR for page 341
INDEX
protein conformations, 163-166
reaction dynamics, 63-74, 294,
297
reaction pathways, 74-90, 294
RNA splicing, 172-175
selectivity in synthesis, 77-78,
84-86
separations science, 258-259
solids, 89-90, 223-224
state-to-state chemistry, 67-69
surface chemistry, 240-247
synthesis, 155-163, 294
temporal aspects of chemical
change, 294
theoretical chemistry, 72-74, 87,
249-251
van der Waals compounds, 82
Intercalation compounds, 58
Interferon, 213
Intramolecular vibrational redis-
tribution (IVR), 62, 66-67
Introns, 172-174
Investigational New Drug applica-
tions (INDs), 125
Ionic conductors, solid state, 58
Ionization, multiphoton, 69-71
Isotope separation, laser, 70-71,
229
Isotopic anomalies, 262-263
Isotopic tracers, 160
J
Juvenile hormones (JH), 112
K
Kerogen, 40
Kevlar, 50
Kinetics
chemical, 8, 63, 73-74, 320
combustion, 37, 232, 312, 320
L
Laser desorption (LD), 184-255
Laser-induced fluorescence, 62,
66-67
Lasers, 91-94; see Instrumenta-
tion, lasers
chemical, 68, 73
fast processes and, 64-67
isotope separation and, 70-71,
229
LEED (low energy electron diffrac-
tion, 241, 267
Life processes, 9-11, 105-177,
296-297
Light-assisted chemistry, 87-89
Liquid chromatography, 256, 271
Liquid-crystal display (LCD), 51
Liquid-state structure, 248-250
Low-energy electron diffraction
(LEED), 241, 267
341
Low-temperature chemistry, 300-
301
M
Macrocycles, 56
Macromolecules, 125, 144, 163-175
Mainframe computers, 97
Maintenance of research instru-
mentation, cost of, 304, 318
Malnutrition, 106
Manpower and education, 279-287
Manufacturers' shipments, 329
Mass spectrometry, 183-186, 254-
255
tandem (MS/MS), 234-235, 256-
257
Materials, 6, 9, 48-60
acentric, 59
critical, 222-223
defined, 48
earth, 251
extraterrestrial, 251
for extreme conditions, 59-60
high-temperature, 60
optical fibers, 54-55
polymers, 47, 48-54
solid-state, 89-90, 223-224
strategic, 222-223
structural, polymers as, 50-51
Matrix isolation method, 72, 300
Medicine, 125-141
biotechnology applied to, 148-
149
nuclear chemistry in, 263-264
Messenger RNA (mRNA), 145
Metal catalysis, 23-24
Metal cluster chemistry, 26, 81-82
Metallic crystals, 241-243
Metallomacrocycles, 56
Metastable atom-induced fluores-
cence, 235
Meteorites, 251
Methane production, 40-41
Microcolumn technology, 274
Microelectronics, 216-218
Microprocessors, 96-97, 216-217
Mirror-image relationships, 26
Mode-selective chemistry, 71-72
Molecular
beams, 68-69, 71-72, 98-99
complexity, 106-190
dynamics, 63-75, 249
graphics, 187-188
sieves, 23
topography, controlled, 30
Molecular-scale computers, 219-
220
Molting hormones (MH), 111-112
Monoclonal antibodies, 137
MS/MS (tandem mass spectrome-
try), 234-235, 256
Multiphoton ionization, 69-71
Multiple photon excitation, 70-71
Mutagenesis, oligonucleotide di-
rected, 171
N
"Naked" clusters, 26
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), see
Federal agencies, NASA
National Institutes of Health
(NIH), see Federal agencies,
NIH
National Science Foundation
(NSF), see Federal agencies,
NSF
National security, 8, 222-237
National well-being, chemistry
and, 193-278
Natural gas, 37-38
Natural products
biosynthesis of, 159-161
synthesis of, 157-159
Neutron diffraction, 188-189
Nitrogen fixation, 118-119
Nuclear
chemistry, 259-264
energy, 44, 227-230
power, 227-230
reactions, 261
reactors, 44, 228
spectroscopy, 260
surveillance, 226
weapons, 227-230
winter, 200, 205
Nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR), see Instrumentation,
NMR
Nucleotides, 161
Nutrition, 106
o
Obsolescence of research instru-
mentation, 304
Oil
recovery, 35-36
refining, 36-37
shale, 40
Oligonucleotide directed mutagen-
esis, 171
Oligonucleotides, 168
Oncogenes, 134, 175-177
Opiate analgesics, 132
Optical
fibers, 54
materials, 54-55
spectroscopy, 253-254
switches, 54-55
technology, 54-55
Oral contraceptives, 138
Organic chemistry, 75-79, 84-85
Organic conductors, 57
OCR for page 342
342
Organic synthesis, selectivity in,
84-86
Organometallic catalysis, 157
Organometallic chemistry, 25, 82-
83, 85-86
"Outer-sphere" electron transfer
mechanism, 87
Oxidation chemistry, 83-84
Oxidation-reduction steps, 42
Ozone, stratospheric, 198-202
p
Parkinson's disease, 84, 132
Peptic ulcers, 136
Peptide
confirmational studies of, 163-
166
hormones, 113, 138
Pesticides, 116-117, 207
Petrochemicals, 209-212
Petroleum, 34-37, 211; see Oil
Pheromones, insect, 114-116
Photocatalysis, 27-28, 296
Photochemistry, 69, 72, 84, 87-89;
see Photosynthesis
Photoelectrochemical cells, 43
Photoelectron spectroscopy, 267
Photoimaging, 215-216
Photolithography, 217
Photon
induced reactors, 69, 72, 84, 87-
89
multiple, excitation, 70-71
Photoresists, 53-54, 217-218
Photosynthesis, 41-42, 118-120
Physisorption, 243
Plant hormones and growth regu-
lators, 107-111
Plasma desorption (PD), 255
Plasmas, 300
Plastics, 48-49, 214-215
Pollution
environmental, 193-194
global, 205
measurement of, 192, 197
Polyacetylene, 56-57
Polymers, 47, 48-54, 90
biological, 125, 144, 163-175
conducting, 55-58
liquid crystals from, 51
silicon-containing, 60
as structural materials, 47, 50-
51, 320
"triblock," 52-53
Polypeptide hormones, 49
Population, world growth rate, 106
Portfolio concept of research find-
ing, 10, 293
Postdoctoral study, 283-284
Precious metal catalysts, 19, 24-
26, 35, 76, 245
INDEX
Precollege chemistry education,
284-285
Pressure, chemistry under high,
77, 250-251, 298-299
Priority areas in chemistry, 11-12,
295-301
A. Understanding chemical re-
activity, 11, 294-295
novel solids, 48-60, 89-90
organometallic chemistry, 82-
84, 86-87
selectivity in synthesis, 75-82,
84-85, 87-89, 294
temporal aspects of reactions,
64-74, 294
theory in chemistry, 74-75
B. Chemical catalysis, 11, 295-
296
artificial enzyme catalysis,
29-31, 295
electrocatalysis, 27-28, 296
heterogeneous catalysis, 22-
24, 35, 240-247, 295
homogeneous catalysis, 24-27,
82-85, 157, 295
photocatalysis, 27-28, 296
C. Chemistry of life processes,
11, 296-297
bioactive molecule synthesis,
105-121, 157
genetic engineering, 144-150,
172-175
rational drug design, 124-141
receptor-substrate interac-
tions, 126-127, 296
vectorial chemistry, 296
D. Chemistry around us, 11,
297-298
analytical chemistry, 195-196,
252-258, 292
environmental chemistry,
193-208
reaction dynamics, 63-74, 294,
297-298
E. Chemical behavior under ex-
treme conditions, 12, 298-
301
high pressure chemistry, 77,
250-251, 298-299
high temperature chemistry,
59-60, 299-300
low temperature chemistry,
66, 69, 72, 82, 300-301
plasmas, 59-60, 300
Portfolio concept of research
funding, 10, 293
Processes, new, 21-31, 39, 118-119
Products, new, 48-60, 89-90, 144-
152
Protein confirmational studies,
163-166
Protooncogenes, 175-176
R
Radioactive isotopes, 260-264
Radioactive waste management,
44, 208
Radiochemistry, 229-230
Rain, acid, 37, 192, 202-204
Raman effect
coherent, 70, 92
surface-enhanced, 28, 245
Reactors
fusion, 44-45
nuclear, 44, 228
Receptor-substrate interactions,
126-127, 296
Recombinant DNA technologies,
146-148, 160-161
Recommendations, 11-18
Department of Agriculture #9,
17, 323-324
competitive grant program,
324
Department of Defense #8, 15,
318-323
basic (6.1) research support,
319
instrumentation and facilities,
323
priority areas, 320
university research, 321
Department of Energy #6, 14,
310-314
chemistry budget should grow,
15, 310
energy technology research
initiative needed, 15, 311-
312
National Laboratory missions
reshaped toward chemistry,
15, 312, 314
university research program
should grow, 15, 312
Environmental Protection Agen-
cy #11, 17, 325-326
federal research investment
should increase #4, 12, 290
industrial-academic linkages
needed #2, 12, 289
industrial support for academic
research encouraged #3, 12
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration #10, 16,
324-325
priority areas, 324
National Institutes of Health
#7, 14, 315-318
cross-disciplinary grants, 316
grant size increased, 316
grant stabilization encour-
aged, 318
shared instrumentation pro-
gram, 313
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INDEX
National Science Foundation #5,
13, 301-309
Chemistry Division budget,
309
creativity encouragement, 310
dedicated instrumentation,
304-306
grant size, 306-308
shared instrumentation, 303-
304
priority areas, 9-11, 293-300;
see also Priority areas
Recovery, oil, 35-36
Refining, oil, 36-37
Regioselectivity in synthesis, 84
Research
basic
in chemistry, 288-326
federal obligations for, 289-
291, 330
and development funding, com-
pany, 330
industrial support for, 331
Research assistantship (RA) sti-
pends, 283
Resistance problems, antibiotic,
128
Restriction enzymes, 146
Reversed phase liquid chromatog-
raphy (RPLC), 272-273
Rheumatoid arthritis, 137
Risk assessment, 196
RNA (ribonucleic acid), 134, 144-
145, 163, 168-169
messenger, 145, 173
splicing, 172-175
Rocket surveillance, 226-227
S
Sands, tar, 40
Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), 267
Secondary ion mass spectrometry
(SIMS), 255, 257, 267
"Secondary metabolites" as plant-
growth regulators, 108
Security, national, 8, 222-237
Selectivity in organic synthesis,
84-86
Self-organized solids, 52-53
Semiconductor/liquid interface,
28-29
Semiconductors, 55, 216-218
Separations chemistry, 224-226,
258-259
Sex attractants, insect, 114-116
Sex hormones, 108
Shale oil, 40
Shared instrumentation, 303-305,
318
Short wavelength lasers, 92
343
Silicon-containing polymers, 60
Smectic phase, 51
Smog, 37, 142
Societal benefits from chemistry,
6-8
Soft X-ray (XUV) sources, 92
Solar cells, 59
Solar energy, 41-43
Solar neutrino experiments, 263
Solid/liquid interface, 28-29
Solid state, 89-90, 223-224
ionic conductors, 58
NMR, 179-180
Solids, 89-90
electronic phenomena in, 247-
248
self-organized, 52-53
Space environment, library books
and, 239
Space exploration, 261-262
Spectrometry, mass (MS), see In-
strumentation, MS
Spectroscopy
computer-aided, 276-277
nuclear, 260
optical, 253-254
technologies, 246-247
X-ray, 76
Speeds, computing, 94, 96
Starvation, 106
State-to-state chemistry, 67-69
Stereochemistry, 77-79
Stereoisomers, 168
Stereoselective catalysts, 26-27
Stereoselectivity, 84
Steroid glycosides, 131
Steroid hormones, 138
Strategic materials, 222
Stratospheric ozone, 199-202
Structural materials, polymers as,
50-51
Summary, executive, 6-18
Supercomputers, 97
Superconductors, 57-58
Superminicomputers, 96-97
Surface
analysis, 257, 269-271
chemistry, 223, 240-247
composition, 242-243
dynamic phenomena, 245
electrical properties, 246
science, 23
science instrumentation, 265-
271
Surface-enhanced Raman effect, 29
Surfaces
chemical bonding at, 243-244
co-adsorption on, 244-245
electrode, 258
reaction chemistry of, 72-74, 81
solid, 240-247
Surveillance, rocket, 226-227
Switches, optical, 54-55
Synchrotron radiation, 99-102
applications of, in chemistry, 101
costs, 101-102
Tunable lasers, 92
Turbulent combustion systems,
233-234
Two-dimensional chromatography,
253
Two-dimensional NMR, 180
U
Ulcers, 136
Ultrafine filamentary composites,
81
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectros-
copy, 267
Urbanization, 193
USDA, see Federal agencies,
USDA
V
Vaccines, 148-149
viral, 129
Van der Waals molecules, 82
Vasodilators, 131
Vectorial chemistry, 296
Vignettes
Beauty is only skin deep, 19
Investigating smog soup, 192
Jack and soybean stalk, 154
Libraries into space, 239
Lithium powered heart, 33
Pac-man for cholesterol, 143
Rx-snake bite, 124
Stone age, iron age, polymer
age, 47
Time to wag a tail, 62
Whipping a wicked weed, 105
Viral vaccines, 129
Viruses, 128-129
oncogenic, 175
Vitamins, 76, 139-140
W
Waste disposal, safe, 206-208
Waste management, radioactive,
44, 208
Water, clean, 24, 206-208
Wiggler field, 102
OCR for page 344
344
INDEX
X
X-ray
absorption fine structure, ex-
tended (EXAFS), 101, 267
crystallography, 126, 144, 150,
166-167
diffraction, 154, 166, 179, 186-
188, 267
photoelectron spectroscopy
(ESCA), 267, 269-270
spectroscopy, 76
XUV (soft X-ray) sources, 92
y
Young investigators, 279-287, 305,
309-310
z
Z-DNA, 169-170
Zeolites, 187
"Zero-risk" approach, 195-196
Zytel Y.T., 215
Representative terms from entire chapter:
liquid chromatography
