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Page 37
Appendix C—
Representative Future Space Activities Study the Galaxy and the Universe Acquire better observations across the electromagnetic spectrum | •
| gamma and x-ray imaging and spectroscopic follow-on investigations
| | •
| deployment of single-element optical instrumentation at 1 to 10 meter scales
| | •
| space- and lunar-based radio and optical interferometer deployment at 10 to 100 meter scales
| | •
| coupled space-Earth interferometer systems
| | •
| study the interstellar medium with a submillimeter telescope
| | •
| investigate cosmic microwave background
| | •
| advanced infrared and near/far ultraviolet missions
| | •
| cosmic ray identification and energy measurement campaigns
| Survey cosmic rays and interstellar gas as samples of extra-solar matter | •
| interstellar probe
| | •
| probe for 1,000 astronomical unit scale distances
| Carry out basic new tests of gravitational theory | •
| detect and understand gravitational waves
| Search for life beyond our solar system | •
| detect and image planets in other solar systems
| | •
| search for signals from extraterrestrials
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Page 37
Appendix C— Representative Future Space Activities Study the Galaxy and the Universe Acquire better observations across the electromagnetic spectrum •
gamma and x-ray imaging and spectroscopic follow-on investigations
•
deployment of single-element optical instrumentation at 1 to 10 meter scales
•
space- and lunar-based radio and optical interferometer deployment at 10 to 100 meter scales
•
coupled space-Earth interferometer systems
•
study the interstellar medium with a submillimeter telescope
•
investigate cosmic microwave background
•
advanced infrared and near/far ultraviolet missions
•
cosmic ray identification and energy measurement campaigns
Survey cosmic rays and interstellar gas as samples of extra-solar matter •
interstellar probe
•
probe for 1,000 astronomical unit scale distances
Carry out basic new tests of gravitational theory •
detect and understand gravitational waves
Search for life beyond our solar system •
detect and image planets in other solar systems
•
search for signals from extraterrestrials
OCR for page 38
Page 38
Study and Explore the Solar System Conduct unmanned missions to objects in the solar system to investigate near-planet space environments, atmospheres, surfaces, and interiors •
fly-by missions
•
orbiters and observational platforms
•
landers and rovers with and without sample return
•
direct atmospheric probes and aerobots
•
fleets of microprobes, microlanders, and microrovers
•
terrestrial surface sensor networks
Study interaction among Sun, Earth, and heliosphere •
stereoscopic sun observations
•
near-field solar probe to understand solar structure and dynamics
•
explore coupling between solar radiation and Earth's atmosphere, magnetosphere, and plasmasphere
•
study solar plasma transport and energization, including solar wind sample return and investigation of coronal mass ejections
Conduct human missions to explore the Moon, Mars, and the asteroids Establish long-term human presence in space •
low-Earth orbit (LEO) and beyond-LEO space habitats
•
lunar and Martian bases
Study the Earth Establish better understanding of global processes through remote sensing •
investigate seasonal, interannual, and long-term variability in:
—
land cover and use
—
atmospheric chemistry and dynamics from troposphere to mesosphere
—
the dynamics of the ocean and the cryosphere
—
interactions among biospheric systems
•
natural hazard prediction and management
•
geodesic missions
•
weather prediction
•
environmental and infrastructure management
•
resource identification and management
OCR for page 39
Page 39
Provide Other Services to Users on Earth Provide communications services to users on Earth •
mobile communications
•
direct broadcast communications
•
fixed-service communications
•
geographic information systems
Expand navigation services to launch vehicles and spacecraft at all altitudes Space Operations and Infrastructure Preserve the near-Earth environment •
expanded space debris tracking system
•
space debris cleanup
Utilize off-Earth resources for terrestrial and space activities •
tests of robotic utilization of local resources
•
surface mining of planets and small bodies (e.g., asteroids, comets)
Study the effects of microgravity •
biological processes
•
effects of microgravity on humans
•
physical processes
•
fluid mechanics and transfer
•
combustion
•
chemical processes
Create new services •
spacecraft staging, assembly, and refurbishing services
•
point-to-point transport on Earth via space
•
space-based power depots for use in terrestrial activities and transmission to spacecraft and planetary bases
•
manufacturing (materials and pharmaceuticals) in space
•
space tourism
•
disposal of hazardous materials
•
space-based cultural/entertainment activities
Representative terms from entire chapter:
meter scales
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