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OCR for page 155
Index
A
Abdominal in jur ies
b iomechan ical r esearch on,
59 "Table), 63
known and needed information
on, 77 (Table)
organ loss in, 72
Acceleration in juries,
biomechanics of, 49, 50
Acute care of inDur ies, see
Treatment of in jur ies
Administration of injury
research, 15-17, 109-118,
148
criteria in organization
of, 110-111
possible locations of,
112-115
proposed function of,
111-112
recommendations on, 115-118
Age, and injuries, 26
of children, see Childhood
· . . ~
Incur zes
of elderly, 19, 26
fatal 18-19
Aircraft, light, injuries
associated with, 2, 42
Alcohol use, injuries related
to, 27-28
biomechanical research on,
57
in motor vehicles, 22-24, 27
prevention of, 8, 38, 45
Amputation, traumatic, and
replantation, 79 "Table),
86
155
Animal research on
biomechanics of in juries,
55
Asphyxiation, death rate
from, 22, 23 (Table)
Assaultive in jur yes, 21
prevention of, 44, 143
Assessment of injuries, prior
to hospi tal ization, 66-67
Athletics, in jur ies
associated with, see
Sports injuries
Automatic protection
strategies, in prevention
of injuries, 7, 37, 40-41
Automobile injuries, see
Mbtor-vehicle injuries
B
Behavioral factors
in epidemiology of
injuries, 26-28, 101
in prevention of injuries,
7-8, 37, 38-39, 103
(Table)
Bioelectric prostheses, 95
(Table)
Bio~echanical research, 8-10,
48-64
on alcohol-related
injuries, 57
animal experiments in, 55
anthropomorphic dummies in,
10, 55, 56, 61, 64
in assessment of safety
technology, 56
OCR for page 156
156
on brain in juries, 9, 52,
61, 62
cadaver experiments in, 54,
61
federal funding of, 102-104
mathematical models in, 55,
56, 64
on mechanisms of injury,
49-53, 54
multidisciplinary approach
to, 62
prevention strategies based
on, 50-51
recommendations on, 9-10,
24, 53-57, 62-64, 144-14S
response measurements in,
54-55
on tolerance to impact, 9,
50, 55-56, 61, 63, 144-145
Bleeding in jur ies, shock in,
67-68
Blindness , rehabilitation in,
95 (Table )
Blood vessel injuries
biomechanics of, 52, 53
bleeding and shock in, 67-68
physical alterations and
major problems in, 70-71
treatment of, 78 (Table)
Bone injuries, see Fractures;
Skeletal injuries
Boxing, brain injuries
associated with, 34, 43
Brain injuries, 1, 2
biomechanical research on,
9, 52, 61, 62
in boxers, 34, 43
cellular changes in, 70
lonq-term effects of, 20, 34
physical alterations and
major problems in, 71
rehabilitation in, 12, 82
service delivery system in,
97 (Table)
treatment of, 10, 11, 70,
11, 75-76 (Table)
Burns, 86-88
collection of data on, 34
and knob arrangements on
stoves, 28
pain after, 88
prevention of, 44
psyabosocial aspects of, 88
rehabilitation in, 11, 12,
81, 83, 87-88
research needed on, 87, 146
treatment of, 79 (Table),
146
yearly number of, 86-87
C
Cellular changes from
in juries, 70
Center for Injury Control, 3,
15-17, 116-118, 148
Or iter ia for organization
of, 110-111
functions of, IS, is,
111-112, 116, 148
funding of, 16-17, 116-117
organizational structure
of, 15-17, 117-118, 148
possible alternative
locations for, 112-115
Centers for Disease Control,
15-17, 115, 116-117, 148
Cervical spine injury,
biomechanical research
on, 54
Chent injuries
lung damage in, 72, 77
(Table)
treatment of, 77 (Table)
Childhood injuries
in falls from tall
buildings, 35, 102
fatal, 4, 18
influence of television on,
38
prevention of, 8, 38-39, 41
Committee members,
biographies of, 149-153
Compressive strain, 51, 52
Consumer Product Safety
Commission, 32, 33
Consumer products, see
Product-related factor s
Contracture of tissue after
in jur ies, prevention of,
88, 94-95 (Table)
Contusion injury, 52, 53
Costs
of injuries, funding of
researab on, 101 (Table)
OCR for page 157
157
of injury research, funding
of, see Funding of in jury
r esearch
of rehabilitation services,
83, 98 (Table)
Crushing in jur ins,
hiomechanic~ of, 49, 50,
S1
D
Data collection on injuries,
surveillance systems for;
see Surveillance systems
Deafness, rehabilitation in,
95 (Table)
Death f ram in jur ies, see
Fatal injuries
Deceleration injuries, 9
Department of Defense, 114
Department of Transportation,
114 .
Disabilities after injuries
long-term, 19-20
prevention of, 12, 91, 94
(Table)
rehabilitation in, 80-98;
see also Rehabilitation
reporting of, 13
short-term, 19-20
Drowning
death rate from, 18, 19
epidemiologic cats needed
on, 35-36
prevention of, 35, 43
Drug use , and risk for
injuries, 27-28
Dummies, anthropomorphic, in
biomechanical research,
10, 55, 56, 61, 64
E
Education and training
of injury control
researchers, 147-148
in prevention of injuries,
8, 35, 37, 38-39, 46, 89
Elderly persons, injuries of,
26
fatal, 19
prevention of, 8, 38
Emergency care of injuries
in hospital emergency room,
67
prior to hospitalization,
65-67
research needed on, 145-146
second injury of spinal
cord in, 88-89
Endocrine responses to injury
management of, 68-69, 74
(Table)
research needed on, 145
Energy exposure, injuries
from, 21-22, 49, 50, 55
Environmental factors
affecting mobility of
handicapped, 96 (Table),
147
in epidemiology of
injuries, 28-29, 101
(Table)
in prevention of injuries,
40-41, 103 (Table)
Epidemiology of in jur ies,
25-36
behavioral factors in,
26-28, 101 (Table)
definition of, 25
environmental factors in,
28-29, 101 (Table)
federal funding of research
on, 100-102
in motor-vehicle accident.,
6, 26, 31-32, 33, 34-,
140-141
recommendations for
research on, 6-7, 25-36,
140-141
surveillance systems for
monitoring, 29-33
uses of cats on, 33-36
Evaluation of injuries, prior
to hospitalization, 66-67
Expenditures for injury
research, 99-108; see
also Funding of
injury relearn
F
Facial in jur ies,
biomechanical research
cm, 58 (Table), 62
OCR for page 158
158
Falls, injuries from, 2, 21
biomechanical research on,
50, 56
of children, 35, 102
fatal , 22, 23 (Table), 43
prevention of, 35, 43-44
Farm Mach inery, in j ur in
associated with, 2
Fatal Accident Reporting
System, 31, 100
Fatal injuries
annual number of, 1, 4, 18
of children, 4, 18
co, lection of ~ tatis tics
on, 31
compared with other causes
of death, 4, 18, 19
(Figure)
in drowning, 18, 19
in falls, 22, 23 (Table), 43
major categories of, 22, 23
(Table)
in motor-veh~cle accidents,
18, 19, 21, 22, 23
(Table), 31-32
potential years of life
lost to, 5 (Figure), 14
(Figure), 20 (Figure),
108 (Figure)
regional variations in, 26
Federal government
administration of injury
research in, 109-118; see
also Administration of
injury research
expenditures for injury
research of, 99-108; see
also Funding of injury
research
Femur, biomechanical research
on injuries on, 52, 53,
60 "Table). 61
Fetal injury mechanisms,
biomechanical research
on, 60 (Table)
Financial support of injury
research, see Funding of
injury research
Firearms, injuries associated
with
fatal, 19, 23 (Table)
prevention of, 44
Fire-related injuries, 18
burns, see Burns
fatal, 22, 23 (Table)
in inhalation of smoke, 87,
146
prevention of, 7, 37, 44
Football, brain injuries in,
43
Fractures
biomechanical research on,
52, S3-54, 58 (Table), 59
(Table), 60 (Table), 61
healing of, 79 (Table),
85-86
nonunion of, 85-86
physical alterations and
major problems in, 70-71
rehabilitation in,'85-86
treatment of, 70-71, 79
(Table)
Funding of injury research,
1, 2, 3, 5
on biomechanics, 102-104
compared with other health-
related expenditures,
13-1S, 106-107
cost-benefit analysis of,
106-107
current federal
expenditures in, 13-1S,
9 9-108
on epidemiology, 100-102
on prevention, 102, 103
(Table )
private sources of, 99
of proposed Center for
In jury Control, 16-17
116-117
on rehabilitation, 105, 106
(Table)
on treatment, 104-105
G
Genitourinary system injuries
blomechanical research on,
60 (Table)
treatment of, 72, 78 (Table)
Geographical variations
in injury rates, 26
in prehospital care of
injured, 66
OCR for page 159
159
Government, federal
administration of injury
research in, 109-118; see
also Administration of
injury research
expenditures for injury
research of, 99-108; see
also Funding of injury
research
Gunshot wounds
fatal, 19, 23 (Table )
prevention of, 44
H
Handicapping conditions after
injuries, see
Disabilities after
· . .
Incur zes
Head in jur ies
biomechanical research on,
9, 58 (Table), 61, 62, 63
brain in jur ies in, see
_ .. . . .
Grain Uncurled
cellular changes in, 70
rehabilitation in, 82
Healing
of fractures, 79 (Table),
85-86
of open wounds, 75 (Table)
Hearing loss
noise-induced, 60 (Table)
rehabilitation in, 95
(Table )
Heart injuries, biomechanical
research on, 51-52, S3,
59 (Table), 61
Helicopter services, for
transportation of
injured, 65-66
Helmet-use laws, for
motorcyclists, 39, 40
High-risk groups for
injuries, 26-27
Rome environment, prevention
of injur ies in , 8 , 3 8
Hospital care of injuries, 1,
5, 10, 67-69
and prehospital care, 65-67
Human factors, see Behavioral
factors
I
Immobility after injuries
complications of, 90-91, 94
(Table)
and mobility systems in
rehabilitation, 96 (Table)
Impact injuries,
biomechanical research
on, 8-10, 49, 50
and tolerance to impact, 9,
50, 55-56, 61, 63, 144-145
Independent-living centers
and services, 98 (Table)
Infections, postinjury
research needed on, 14S
treatment of, 69, 74
(Table )
Inhalation injuries,
fire-related, 87, 146
Insurance Institute for
Highway Safety, 6, 26
Interdisciplinary approach to
injury research, 62, 109
International Classification
of Diseased codes,
related to injuries, 31
J
Jaywalking by elderly
pedestrians, 8, 38
X
Kidney injuries, treatment
of, 72, 78 (Table)
Laws And regulations, in
prevention of injuries,
7, 8, 37, 38, 39-40, 46-47
Lung injuries
from smoke inhalation, 87,
146
treatment of, 72, 77 (Table)
M
Mathematica1 models in
biomechanical research,
55, 56, 64
OCR for page 160
160
Mechanisms of injury, 49-S3
research needed on, 53-54,
144
Metabolic responses in
injury, 68-69, 74 (Table)
research needed on, 145
Microsurgical techniques, in
rehabilitation of
injured, 79 "Table)' 86
Motorcycle injuries
fatal, 41
and helmet-u';e laws, 39, 40
Motor-vehicle injuries
annual cost of, 20-21
associated with alcohol
use, 22-24, 27
biomechanical research on,
9, 56
environmental factors in,
28, 29
epidemiology of, 6, 26,
31-32, 33, 34, 140-141
fatal, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23
(Table), 31-32
f unding of research on , 9 9,
100, 102
and h igh-school dr iver
education, 35, 38
prevention of, 7, 8, 37,
38, 41-42, 102, 142
and second injury of spinal
cord, 89
yearly number of, 21
Multidisciplinary approach to
injury research, 62, 109
Muscle injuries
biomechanical research on,
60 (Table), 63
rehabilitation in, 11, 12,
84-85
National Accident Soling
System, 32, 100
National Bureau of Standards;,
114
National Center for Health
Statistics, 31
National Electronic In jury
Surveillance System, 32,
33, 100
National Highway Traf f in
Safety Administration, 6,
26, 31-32, 100
National Institutes of
Health, 5, 13, 113-114
National Transportation
Safety Board, investiga-
tions funded by, 105
Neck injuries, biomechanical
research on, 54, 58-59
(Table), 62, 63
Nervous system injuries
biomechanical research on, 9
of brain, see Brain in jur ies
nerve regeneration in, 90
physical alterations and
major problems in, 70-71
preservation of residual
function in, 9D, 95
{Table)
rehabilitation in, 11, 12,
80, 81, 82, 83
of spinal cord, see Spinal
cord injuries .
treatment of, 70-71, 75-76
(Table)
Neuroendocrine response to
injury
management of, 68-69, 74
{Table)
research needed on, 145
o
Occupational injuries, see
Work-related injuries
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration, 32
Organ loss in injur ies , 72
Organizational structure of
proposed Center for
Injury Control, 117-118,
148
p
Pain after burns, 88
Paralysis after injuries, 12,
20, 27
Paramedics, in prehospital
care of injured, 66
Pedestrian injuries
of children, 39
OCR for page 161
161
fatal, 18
prevention of, 8, 38
Penetrating injuries,
biomechanics of, 48
Perception of hazards,
individual variations in,
142-143
Personality traits, and risk
for injury, 28
Persuasive strategies in
prevention of in jur ies,
7, 37, 38-39
Physical alterations from
injuries, treatment of,
70-71
Physical barriers affecting
mobility of handicapped,
reduction of, 96 (Table),
147
Poisoning
of children, prevention of.
41
death rate from, 22, 23
(Table)
Prehospital care of injuries,
65-67
recommendations of, 67
second injury of spinal
cord in, 88-89
Preretirement years of life
lost annually, 14
(Figure), 108 (Figure)
Pressure sores
after spinal cord injuries,
12, 90-91
control and prevention of,
96 (Table), 147
Prevention of injuries, 2,
7-8, 37-47
in alcohol use, 8, 38, 45
in assaults and homicides,
44, 143
automatic protection
mechanisms in, 7, 37,
40-41
behavioral factors in, 7-8,
37, 38-39, 103 (Table)
biom~chanical approach to,
50-~l
Center for Injury Control
in, 3, 15-~7, 116-118, 148
in childhood, 8, 38-39, 41
in drowning, 35, 43
education and training in,
8, 35, 37, 38-39, 46, 89
effectiveness of strategies
in, 143
environmental factors in,
40-41, 103 (Table)
epidemiologic data in, 35
in falls, 35, 43-44
federal funding of research
on, 102, 103 (Table)
in fires, 7, 37, 44
general approaches to, 7-8,
37-41
laws and regulations in, 7,
8, 37, 38, 39-40, 46-47
in motor-vehicle accidents,
7, 8, 38, 41-42, 102, 142
phase approach to, 24
product design in, 40-41,
47, 103 (Table), 143-144
recommendations for
research on, 8, 45-47,
142-144
in recreation, 43
in Elf-inflicted injuries.
44-45
in transportation, 41-42
in the workplace, 42-43
Product-related factors
in epidemiology of
injuries, 32-33, 100, 101
(Table), 141
funding of research on, 101
(Table), 103 (Table)
in prevention of in jut ies ,
40-41, 47, 103 (Table),
143-144
Prosthetic devices
bioelectric, 95 (Table)
research :~sues concerning,
86, 147
Psychological consequences of
injuries
in burns, 88
funding of research on, 101
(Table)
recommendations for
research on, 141
Recreation injuries
musculoakeletal, 85
OCR for page 162
162
prevention of, 43
in sports, see Sports
injuries
Rehabilitation, 11-13, 80-98
in brain injuries, 12, 82
in burns, 11, 12, 81, 83,
87-88
control of complications
in, 91, 94 (Table)
cost-effectiveness of, 83,
98 (Table)
def inition of, 11, 80
federal funding of research
on, 105, 106 {Table)
financing of services in,
98 (Table)
number of persons
requiring, 82
recommendations on, 12-13,
92-93
in regional specialized
centers, 81, 82, 97
(Table)
research issues concerning,
12-13, 81-82, 84098,
146-147
in skeletal injuries, 11,
12, 84-85, 86
in spinal cord injuries,
12, 81, 82, 83, 85, 88-89
Replantation, after traumatic 39, 40
amputation, 79 (Table), 86
Reproductive system injuries
biomechanical research on,
60 (Table)
treatment of, 72, 78 (Table)
Research, injury-related
administration of, 15-17,
109-118, 148
on biomechanics, 48-64; see
also Biomechanical
research
current status of, 2-3
on epidemiology, 6-7,
25-36, 140-141
funding of, 99-108; see
also Funding of injury
research
multidisciplinary approach
to, 62, 109
on prevention, 8, 45-47,
142-144
recommendations for, 139-148
on rehabilitation, 12-13,
81-82, 84-98, 146-147
training of personnel for,
147-148
on treatment, 10-11, 73,
145-146
Risks for injuries
behavioral factors in, 7-8,
26-28, 37-39, 40, 101
(Table), 103 (Table)
environmental factors in,
28-29, 40-41, 101
(Table), 103 (Table)
product-related factors in,
32-33, 40-41, 47, 100,
101 (Table) 103 (Table),
141, 143-144
Rural areas
injury rates in, 26
prehospital care of injured
in, 66
S
Safety technology
biomechanical research on,
56
in prevention of injuries,
40-41
Seatbelt-use laws, 7, 37, 38,
Self-care after injuries, 96
(Table)
Self-inflicted injuries, see
also Suicide
prevention of, 44-45
. . .
Sensory organ injuries
biomechanical research on,
60 (Table)
rehabilitation in, 95
(Table)
Service delivery systems in
rehabilitation, 97
(Table)
Shear strain, 51, 52
Shock, management of, 67-68,
74 (Table)
research needed on, 145
Skateboard injuries, 33
Skeletal injuries
fractures in, see Fractures
physical alterations and
major problems in, 71
OCR for page 163
163
rehabilitation in, 11, 12,
84-85, 86
S k in in jur ies
biomechanical research on,
60 (Table)
burns, 86-88; see also Burns
Smoke detectors, 7, 37, 44
Smoke inhalation, lung injury
from, 87, 146
Social attitudes toward
handicapped, 97 (Table),
147
Socioeconomic factors, and
risk for injuries, 26-27
Speed limits, and motor-
vehicle in jur ies , 4 2
Spinal cord in jur ies, 1, 2
associated with
trampolines, 43
biomechanical research on,
9, 61
physical alterations and
major problems in, 71
preservation of residual
function in, 90, 9S
(Table)
pressure sores as
complication of, 12, 90-91
rehabilitation in, 12, 81,
82, 83, 85, 88-89
second, at time of
emergency care, 88-89, 146
service delivery system in,
97 (Table)
treatment of, 10, 11, 71,
76 (Table)
Spine injuries, biomechanica1
research on, 54, 59
(Table )
Sports injuries
in boxing, 34, 43
of brain, 34, 43
in football, 43
musculoakeletal, 85
prevention of, 85
Statistics on injuries,
surveillance systems for
collection of, 29-33; see
also Surveillance systems
Strain mechanisms in
injuries, 51-52
Suicide, 21
collection of data on, 34
death rate from, 23 (Table)
prevention of, 44-45
Surveillance systems, 6-7,
29-33, 100-102
data needs for, 29, 30
(Table)
limitations of existing
programs in, 30-33
on long-term effects of
minor injuries, 34
on motor-vehicle accidents,
31-32, 33, 34
National Electronic Injury
Surveillance System in,
32, 33, 100
recommendations on, 36,
140-141
uses of, 33~36
T
Television influence on
childhood injuries, 38
Tensile strain, 51, 52
Thermal injuries, see Burns
Thoracic injuries,
biomechanical research
on, 59 {Table), 61, 63
Thoracolumbar spine injuries,
biomechanical research
on, 59 (Table)
Tissue injury
mechanisms of, 49-53, 85,
144
research needed on, 78
(Table), 144
treatment of, 70, 78 (Table)
Tolerance to impact,
biomechanical research
on, 9, 50, 55-56, 61, 63,
144-145
Traffic accidents, injuries
in see Motor-vehicle
Incur yes
Training and education
of injury control
researchers, 147-148
in prevention of injuries,
8, 35, 37, 38-39, 46, 89
Tr ampolines, 43
Transpor tation
access of handicapped to,
96 (Table )
OCR for page 164
164
of injured, 65-66.
injuries related to, 41-42;
see also Motor-vehicle
injuries
second injury of spinal
cord in, 88-89, 146
Trauma centers, 10, 66, 67,
72, 75 (Table)
Treatment of injuries, 10-11,
65-79
of brain, 10, 11, 70, 71,
75-76 (Table)
in burns, 79 (Table), 146
with cellular changes that
alter function, 70
characteristics of injuries
requiring, 69-72
federal funding for
research on, 104-105
historical, 24
hospital care in, 1, 5, 10,
67-69
infections complicating,
69, 74 (Table-)
and loss of organ, 72
and neuroendocrine
responses, 68-69, 74
(Table)
of physical alterations,
70-71
prehospital care in, 65-67
prevention of complications
in, 12
recommendations on, 10-11,
72-73, 145-146
and shock, 67-68, 74 (Table)
of spinal cord, 10, 11, 71,
76 (Table)
summary of known and needed
information on, 74-79
(Table)
yearly number of physician
contacts for, 19
U
Urban areas, prehospital care
of injured in, 66
V
Vascular injuries, see Blood
vessel in juries
Vertebral injuries,
biomechanical research
on , 54 , 59 (Table)
W
War injuries, rehabilitation
in, 81
Wheelchairs, new designs of,
-96 (Table)
Work-related injuries
collection of data on, 32-33
prevention of, 42-43
rehabilitation in, 84
Wounds, open, healing and
treatment of, 75 tTable)
Representative terms from entire chapter:
jur ies
