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OCR for page 73
NOTES
1.
2.
The analyses based on the sample assumes that the
survivors, i.e., those in the sample, do not differ
in their fertility experience from nonsurvivors.
There is much evidence that this assumption is true
and that if there are any differences, they are
trivial and do not affect the analyses.
The life tables are constructed by an extension of a
method devised by Preston and Coale (1982). In
brief, the construction involves calculating the
number of persons who cross each exact age x in the
intercensal period, an estimate derived by
interpolation between the number enumerated in each
cohort in the earlier and later censuses. When the
data are accurate, the method yields a life table
that is an exact expression of intercensal mortality
by age. A full description of the method is
contained in Coale (1984).
3. A more precise estimate can be obtained for each
single year of age by allowing for the fact that the
proportion surviving from one age to another is not
an exactly linear sequence. More appropriate,
slightly nonlinear interpolation is achieved by
deriving interpolation factors from a model life
table at about the right level of mortality.
4. The births derived from the age-specific fertility
rates are for calendar years (January 1 to December
31); the births compatible with the census age
distributions are for "fiscal" years (July 1 to June
30) because the censuses were taken as of midyear.
Fiscal-year births were estimated by a division of
the calendar year births into first-half-year and
second-half-year births. The difference between
first-half-year and second-half-year births was taken
73
OCR for page 74
74
as one-fourth the difference between the births in
the preceding year and in the following year. These
half-year births were then recombined on a fiscal
year basis.
5. It should be noted that a "stopping ruler--no more
births after a boy is born, but possibly another
after the birth of a girl--is well known not to
increase the male/female ratio.
6. The age-specific rates for 1981-82 were obtained by
assuming the continuation to the first half of 1982
of the 1981 rates.
7. It is also possible that older women understate the
number of births that occurred to them a long time
ago and that such understatement may contribute to
the low estimates of fertility in the 1940s from this
survey. However, the rates are in agreement with
data about Chinese farmers, and the agreement of the
numbers projected from the births in the 1950s to the
1982 census with the single-year distribution in that
census is a convincing indication of no substantial
understatement of the births reported as occurring
nearly 30 years before the survey.
8. For cohorts that began entering marriage before 1950,
the proportion ever married at each age was
determined by subtracting first-marriage rates from
0.999, assigned to the age above which no more first
marriages in the cohort were reported.
9. This method of life table construction is fully
described in an article by Ansley Coale (1984).
Constructed examples with artificially perfect data
show that the life table is exact if the data used
are exact.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
artificially perfect
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