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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
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The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and interim vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DTNH22-94-G-07414 from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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STANDING COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR A NEW GENERATION OF VEHICLES
TREVOR O. JONES (chair),
NAE,1 Echlin, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio
HARRY E. COOK,
NAE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
R. GARY DIAZ,
Navistar, Chicago, Illinois
DAVID E. FOSTER,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
DAVID HAGEN,
The Engineering Society of Detroit, Southfield, Michigan
SIMONE HOCHGREB,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
FRITZ KALHAMMER,
Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
JOHN G. KASSAKIAN,
NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
HAROLD H. KUNG,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
CRAIG MARKS,
NAE, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
JOHN NEWMAN,
University of California, Berkeley
JEROME G. RIVARD,
NAE, Global Technology and Business Development, Harrison Township, Michigan
VERNON P. ROAN,
University of Florida, Palm Beach Gardens
SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN,
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
F. BLAKE WALLACE,
Allison Engine Company (retired), Indianapolis, Indiana
Committee Subgroup on Nonelectrochemical Storage Devices
DAVID HAGEN (chair)
CRAIG MARKS
JEROME G. RIVARD
Committee Subgroup on Electrical and Electronic Systems
JOHN G. KASSAKIAN (chair)
JEROME G. RIVARD
R. GARY DIAZ
Committee Subgroup on Systems Analysis
JEROME G. RIVARD (chair)
R. GARY DIAZ
JOHN G. KASSAKIAN
HARRY E. COOK
Committee Subgroup on Batteries and Ultracapacitors
SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN (chair)
FRITZ KALHAMMER
JOHN NEWMAN
VERNON P. ROAN
Committee Subgroup on Fuels
CRAIG MARKS (chair)
DAVID E. FOSTER
SIMONE HOCHGREB
HAROLD H. KUNG
JOHN NEWMAN
Committee Subgroup on Fuel Cells
VERNON P. ROAN (chair)
SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN
SIMONE HOCHGREB
FRITZ KALHAMMER
HAROLD H. KUNG
JOHN NEWMAN
Committee Subgroup on Internal Combustion Engines
DAVID E. FOSTER (chair)
CRAIG MARKS
DAVID HAGEN
SIMONE HOCHGREB
HAROLD H. KUNG
Committee Subgroup on Continuous Combustion Engines
F. BLAKE WALLACE (chair)
VERNON P. ROAN
R. GARY DIAZ
CRAIG MARKS
JEROME G. RIVARD
Committee Subgroup on Materials
HARRY E. COOK (chair)
DAVID HAGEN
F. BLAKE WALLACE
Committee Subgroup on Vehicle Technology Selection
CRAIG MARKS (chair)
HARRY E. COOK
DAVID E. FOSTER
DAVID HAGEN
Committee Subgroup on Cost Analysis
TREVOR O. JONES (chair)
DAVID HAGEN
JEROME G. RIVARD
Project Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director,
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)
NAN HUMPHREY, senior program officer,
Transportation Research Board (TRB)
SUSANNA E. CLARENDON, senior project assistant and financial associate,
(BEES)
BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
ROBERT L. HIRSCH (chair),
Advanced Power Technologies, Inc., Washington, D. C.
RICHARD MESERVE (vice chair),
Covington and Burling, Washington, D. C.
EVERET H. BECKNER,
Lockheed Martin Corporation, Albuquerque, New Mexico
JAN BEYEA, Consulting in the Public Interest,
Lambertville, New Jersey
CHARLES CURTIS,
Hogan and Hartson, Washington, D. C. (through February 1998)
E. GAIL DE PLANQUE,NAE,1 former commissioner of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Potomac, Maryland
WILLIAM L. FISHER,
NAE, University of Texas, Austin
WILLIAM FULKERSON,
Oak Ridge National Laboratories (retired), and University of Tennessee, Knoxville
ROY G. GORDON,
NAS,2 Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
EDWIN E. KINTNER,
NAE, GPU Nuclear Corporation (retired), Norwich, Vermont
K. ANNE STREET,
GEO-CENTERS, Rockville, Maryland
LINDA GILLESPIE STUNTZ,
Stuntz and Davis, P.C., Washington, D.C.
JAMES SWEENEY,
Stanford University, Stanford, California
KATHLEEN C. TAYLOR,
NAE, General Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan
IRVIN WHITE,
UTECH, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia
Liason Members from the Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
RUTH M. DAVIS,
NAE, Pymatuning Group, Inc. Alexandria, Virginia
LAWRENCE T. PAPAY,
NAE, Bechtel Technology and Consulting, San Francisco, California
Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director
TRACY WILSON, senior program officer
JILL WILSON, senior program officer
SUSANNA CLARENDON, financial associate
PATRICIA SPAULDING, project assistant (through February 6, 1998)
Acknowledgments
The committee wishes to thank all the members of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles who contributed significantly of their time and effort to this National Research Council study, whether by giving presentations at meetings, providing responses to committee requests for information, or hosting site visits. The committee also acknowledges the valuable contributions of organizations outside the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, including organizations outside the United States that provided information on advanced vehicle technologies and development initiatives. Finally, the chairman wishes to recognize the committee members and the staff of the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems of the National Research Council for their hard work organizing and planning committee meetings and for their individual efforts in gathering information and writing sections of the report.
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the follow individuals for their participation in the review of this report: William Agnew, General Motors Research Laboratories (retired); Tom Cackett, California Air Resources Board; Robert Frosch, Harvard University; John Heywood, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; John Longwell, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Phillip Myers, University of
Wisconsin; Lawrence T. Papay, Bechtel Technology and Consulting; and Dale Stein, Michigan Technological University (retired).
While the individuals listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the NRC.
Tables and Figures
TABLES
ES-1 |
Most Promising Technologies Selected by PNGV in 1997, |
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2-1 |
Critical Characteristics of the CIDI Engine vs. PNGV Milestone Targets, |
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2-2 |
PNGV Design Targets for Short-Term Energy Storage, |
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2-3 |
Vehicle Weight Reduction Targets for the Goal 3 Vehicle, |
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3-1 |
Response of the PNGV Systems Analysis Team to the Committee's Third Report, |
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4-1 |
Attributes of the PNGV Goal 3 Vehicle, |
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4-2 |
PNGV Criteria for Year 2000 Concept Vehicle Technology Selection, |
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4-3 |
Most Promising Technologies Selected by the PNGV in 1997, |
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6-1 |
Fuel Comparison for the Technologies Selected for the Concept Vehicles, |
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6-2 |
PNGV's Assessment of Major Barriers and Program Needs, |
FIGURES