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Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions: A Data Profile (2001)
Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel (OSEP)

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE

FIGURE 1-1 Engineering vs. non-engineering degree distribution by age.

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE FIGURE 1-1 Engineering vs. non-engineering degree distribution by age.

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 1-2 Race/Ethnicity of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Field of Highest Degree   Race/Ethnicity Asian/Pacific Underrepresented   Total White Islander Minorities * No Report Field of Highest Degree No. No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 625 81 74 10 61 8 15 2 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 41 79 4 8 7 13 0 0 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 71 85 6 7 6 7 1 1 Civil Engineering 81 67 83 8 10 6 7 0 0 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 87 70 24 19 12 10 1 1 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 34 81 4 10 4 10 0 0 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 89 90 6 6 4 4 0 0 Other Engineering 67 56 84 2 3 8 12 1 1 Computer Sciences 64 51 80 8 13 2 3 3 5 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 40 35 88 2 5 3 8 0 0 Physical Sciences 50 39 78 6 12 3 6 2 4 Other Fields 43 35 81 2 5 4 9 2 5 No Report 29 20 69 2 7 2 7 5 17 * Underrepresented minorities include African American, Native American, Hispanic, and “other.”

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 1-3 Citizenship of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Field of Highest Degree   Citizenship   Total U.S. Non-U.S. No Report Field of Highest Degree No. No. % No. % No. % Total 775 673 87 93 12 9 1 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 46 88 6 12 0 0 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 76 90 7 8 1 1 Civil Engineering 81 64 79 17 21 0 0 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 101 81 22 18 1 1 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 37 88 4 10 1 2 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 95 96 4 4 0 0 Other Engineering 67 60 90 7 10 0 0 Computer Sciences 64 59 92 5 8 0 0 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 40 37 93 3 8 0 0 Physical Sciences 50 38 76 10 20 2 4 Other Fields 43 40 93 3 7 0 0 No Field Specified 29 20 69 5 17 4 14 TABLE 1-4 Marital Status and Number of Dependents of Female Faculty at U.S. Institutions   Number Percent Marital Status Total 775 100 Married 563 73 Not Married 199 26 No Report 13 2 Dependents Total 775 100 None 319 41 One 170 22 Two 188 24 Three or More 82 11 No Report 16 2

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE FIGURE 1-2 Employment of spouse of female engineering faculty at U.S. institutions. TABLE 1-5 Highest Levels of Education of Parents of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions   Of Mother Of Father Highest Level of Education Number Percent Number Percent Total 775 100 775 100 Less Than High School Diploma 76 10 65 8 High School Diploma 180 23 115 15 Some Postsecondary Education 108 14 67 9 Associate’s Degree 40 5 22 3 Bachelor’s Degree 137 18 161 21 Some Graduate Education 51 7 48 6 Master’s Degree 93 12 122 16 Doctorate or Professional Degree 82 11 166 21 No Report 8 1 9 1

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE FIGURE 1-3 Highest education level of parents of female engineering faculty. TABLE 1-6 Employment Sector of Parents of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions   Of Mother Of Father Employment Sector Number Percent Number Percent Total 775 100 775 100 4-Year College or University, Graduate/Professional School 33 4 78 10 2-Year or Other Postsecondary Institution 14 2 4 1 Elementary or Secondary School 137 18 37 5 Self-Employment 41 5 137 18 Hospital or Other Health-Care or Clinical Setting 83 11 23 3 For-Profit Business or Industry in Private Sector 114 15 301 39 Foundation or Other Nonprofit Organization 15 2 10 1 Federal, State, Local Government 45 6 121 16 Other 67 9 39 5 Not Applicable 188 24 9 1 No Report 38 5 16 2

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 2-1 Level of Highest Degree for Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Field of Highest Degree   Level of Highest Degree   Total Ph.D. Master’s Bachelor’s Other No Report Field of Highest Degree No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 100 676 87 70 9 9 1 3 0 17 2 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 7 46 88 6 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 11 80 95 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Civil Engineering 81 10 77 95 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 16 114 92 8 6 1 1 1 1 0 0 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 5 41 98 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 13 83 84 13 13 2 2 1 1 0 0 Other Engineering 67 9 63 94 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 Computer Sciences 64 8 59 92 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mathematical Sci/Operations Research 40 5 37 93 2 5 1 3 0 0 0 0 Physical Sciences 50 6 42 84 7 14 1 2 0 0 0 0 Other Fields 43 6 23 53 15 35 4 9 1 2 0 0 No Field Specified 29 4 11 38 1 3 0 0 0 0 17 59 FIGURE 2-1 Highest degree of female engineering faculty at U.S. institutions.

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 2-2 Field of Highest Degree of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions Field Number Total 775 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 Aerospace/Aeronautical/Astronautical 16 Industrial/Manufacturing 36 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 Chemical 70 Petroleum 1 Mineral 5 Metallurgical 8 Civil Engineering 81 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 Computer 15 Electrical/Electronics 104 Systems 5 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 Materials Science 35 Plastics/Polymer 3 Ceramics 4 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 Engineering Mechanics 13 Mechanical Engineering 79 Engineering Science 2 Engineering, General 5 Other Engineering 67 Agricultural 4 Bioengineering/Biomedical 14 Environmental 29 Food 1 Nuclear 5 Engineering, Other 14 Computer Sciences 64 Computer Sciences 63 Information Science and Systems 1 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 40 Applied Mathematics 6 Mathematical Statistics 3 Operations Research 18 Mathematics, General 13 Physical Sciences 50 Astronomy 1 Atmospheric Science/Meteorology 1 Organic Chemistry 1 Physical Chemistry 1 Chemistry, General 4 Chemistry, Other 1 Geology 1 Geochemistry 1 Chemical/Atomic/Molecular Physics 1 Nuclear Physics 1 Solid State/Low Temperature Physics 2 Physics, General 25 Physics, Other 4 Environmental Science 2 Oceanography 1 Physical Sciences, Other 3 Other Fields 43 Other Soil Sciences 1 Other Agricultural Sciences 1 Biochemistry 1 Bacteriology 1 Anatomy 1 Biometrics/Biostatistics 1 Cell Biology 1 Microbiology 1 Human/Animal Genetics 1 Human/Animal Physiology 1 Counseling Psychology 1 Comparative Literature 1 English Literature 1 Archeology 1 Philosophy 1 Education 12 Business/Management 8 Communications 1 Architecture 2 Law 1 Other Professional Fields 1 Other Fields 3 No Report 29

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE FIGURE 2-2 Broad field of highest degree by degree level for female engineering faculty at U.S. institutions. TABLE 2-3 Year of Highest Degree of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Field of Highest Degree   Year of Highest Degree   Total 1951-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1996 No Report Field of Highest Degree No. No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 23 3 101 13 336 43 283 37 32 4 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 0 0 4 8 20 38 26 50 2 4 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 3 4 8 10 47 56 24 29 2 2 Civil Engineering 81 0 0 3 4 44 54 34 42 0 0 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 3 2 16 13 44 35 58 47 3 2 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 0 0 4 10 21 50 17 40 0 0 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 0 0 12 12 45 45 40 40 2 2 Other Engineering 67 1 1 3 4 33 49 29 43 1 1 Computer Sciences 64 1 2 9 14 25 39 27 42 2 3 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 40 2 5 15 38 14 35 9 23 0 0 Physical Sciences 50 8 16 16 32 21 42 4 8 1 2 Other Fields 43 5 12 10 23 14 33 13 30 1 2 No Report 29 0 0 1 3 8 28 2 7 18 62

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 2-4 Race/Ethnicity of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Year of Highest Degree   Race/Ethnicity   Asian/Pacific Underrepresented   Total White Islander Minorities * No Report Year of Highest Degree No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 100 625 81 74 10 61 8 15 2 Before 1970 23 3 18 78 5 22 0 0 0 0 1970-1979 101 13 86 85 6 6 7 7 2 2 1980-1989 336 43 280 83 27 8 22 7 7 2 1990-1996 283 37 217 77 35 12 30 11 1 0 Not Specified 32 4 24 75 1 3 2 6 5 16 * Underrepresented minorities include black, Native American, Hispanic, and “other.” FIGURE 2-3 Year of highest degree by race/ethnicity of female engineering faculty at U.S. institutions.

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 2-5 U.S. Top-Producing Baccalaureate Institutions of Female Engineering Faculty Institution Number of Degrees Massachusetts Institute of Technology 25 University of Michigan-Ann Arbor 17 Cornell University/NY 14 University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign 14 Stanford University/CA 13 Carnegie Mellon University/PA 12 Iowa State University 12 Michigan State University 11 The Pennsylvania State University 10 University of Minnesota-Twin Cities 10 Princeton University/NJ 9 Georgia Institute of Technology 8 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute/NY 8 Texas A&M University 8 Harvard University/MA 8 Columbia University/NY 7 University of California-Berkeley 7 Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University 7 University of Wisconsin-Madison 7 University of Pittsburgh/PA 7 North Carolina State University-Raleigh 6 Swarthmore College/PA 6 Purdue University/IN 6 Alfred University/NY 5 University of Washington 5 University of Rochester/NY 5 University of Pennsylvania 5 University of California-San Diego 5 Northwestern University/IL 5 Clemson University/SC 5 Brooklyn College, CUNY 5

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 2-6 Carnegie Classification of Baccalaureate Institutions of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions Carnegie Classification Number of Degrees Percent Total Bachelor’s Degrees 771 100 Research University I 341 44 Research University II 64 8 Doctorate Granting I 27 4 Doctorate Granting II 33 4 Comprehensive I 72 9 Comprehensive II 6 1 Liberal Arts I 44 6 Liberal Arts II 15 2 Other Classifications 13 2 Foreign Institutions 146 19 Unknown Institutions 10 1

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-1 Academic Rank of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Field of Highest Degree   Academic Rank   Total Professor Associate Assistant Professor Instructor/Lecturer Other No Report Field of Highest Degree No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 100 139 18 264 34 305 39 28 4 36 5 3 0 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 7 3 6 22 42 23 44 3 6 1 2 0 0 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 11 14 17 37 44 31 37 0 0 2 2 0 0 Civil Engineering 81 10 9 11 28 35 40 49 3 4 1 1 0 0 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 16 23 19 39 31 55 44 2 2 4 3 1 1 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 5 6 14 7 17 27 64 0 0 2 5 0 0 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 13 16 16 31 31 41 41 4 4 7 7 0 0 Other Engineering 67 9 7 10 21 31 35 52 2 3 2 3 0 0 Computer Sciences 64 8 12 19 25 39 22 34 4 6 1 2 0 0 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 40 5 11 28 17 43 10 25 1 3 1 3 0 0 Physical Sciences 50 6 20 40 17 34 9 18 1 2 3 6 0 0 Other Fields 43 6 9 21 8 19 7 16 7 16 11 26 1 2 No Field Specified 29 4 9 31 12 41 5 17 1 3 1 3 1 3

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-2 Tenure Status of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Field of Highest Degree   Tenure Status   Total Tenured On Tenure Track Not on Tenure Track Tenure Not Applicable No Report Field of Highest Degree No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 100 376 49 300 39 53 7 38 5 8 1 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 7 22 42 23 44 5 10 2 4 0 0 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 11 50 60 31 37 3 4 0 0 0 0 Civil Engineering 81 10 34 42 42 52 2 2 2 2 1 1 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 16 60 48 50 40 5 4 6 5 3 2 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 5 11 26 28 67 2 5 1 2 0 0 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 13 44 44 38 38 11 11 6 6 0 0 Other Engineering 67 9 24 36 34 51 5 7 4 6 0 0 Computer Sciences 64 8 32 50 24 38 3 5 5 8 0 0 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 40 5 28 70 9 23 1 3 2 5 0 0 Physical Sciences 50 6 32 64 12 24 3 6 2 4 1 2 Other Fields 43 6 20 47 5 12 12 28 6 14 0 0 No Field Specified 29 4 19 66 4 14 1 3 2 7 3 10 FIGURE 3-1 Tenure status of female engineering faculty at U.S. institutions, by race/ethnicity.

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-3 Perceptions About Tenure Criteria and Policies Held by Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions (for Those Tenured and on Tenure Track)   Total Yes No No Report No. % No. % No. % No. % Clear, Well-Defined Tenure Criteria Tenured 376 56 206 55 132 35 38 10 On Tenure Track 300 44 134 45 150 50 16 5 Tenure Policies Fair to Women Tenured 376 56 242 64 92 24 42 11 On Tenure Track 300 44 180 60 89 30 31 10 TABLE 3-4 Primary Work Activity of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Field of Highest Degree   Primary Work Activity Total Teaching Research Teaching & Research Administration Other No Report Field of Highest Degree No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 100 339 44 217 28 114 15 53 7 29 4 23 3 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 7 22 42 18 35 5 10 5 10 1 2 1 2 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 11 31 37 38 45 10 12 5 6 0 0 0 0 Civil Engineering 81 10 33 41 19 23 20 25 5 6 0 0 4 5 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 16 59 48 25 20 19 15 13 10 6 5 2 2 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 5 19 45 15 36 4 10 3 7 0 0 1 2 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 13 45 45 29 29 11 11 8 8 5 5 1 1 Other Engineering 67 9 27 40 21 31 11 16 0 0 6 9 2 3 Computer Sciences 64 8 28 44 17 27 11 17 2 3 4 6 2 3 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 40 5 19 48 9 23 6 15 3 8 1 3 2 5 Physical Sciences 50 6 17 34 17 34 6 12 5 10 2 4 3 6 Other Fields 43 6 27 63 3 7 6 14 4 9 3 7 0 0 No Field Specified 29 4 12 41 6 21 5 17 0 0 1 3 5 17

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-5 Range of Annual Salaries of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Field of Highest Degree   Salary Range   Total $50,000 or Less $50,001-$60,000 More Than $60,000 No Report Field of Highest Degree No. %   No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 100   164 21 263 34 341 44 7 1 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 6 12 23 18 35 22 42 0 0 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 11 13 15 29 35 42 50 0 0 Civil Engineering 81 10 24 30 29 36 27 33 1 1 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 16 29 23 37 30 57 46 1 1 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 5 8 19 14 33 20 48 0 0 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 13 27 27 35 35 36 36 1 1 Other Engineering 67 9 11 16 31 46 25 37 0 0 Computer Sciences 64 8 9 14 25 39 29 45 1 2 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 40 5 4 10 11 28 25 63 0 0 Physical Sciences 50 6 7 14 13 26 29 58 1 2 Other Fields 43 6 17 40 13 30 13 30 0 0 No Field Specified 29 4 3 10 8 28 16 55 2 7

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-6 Range of Annual Salaries of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Race/Ethnicity   Salary Range   Total $50,000 or Less $50,001-$60,000 More Than $60,000 No Report Race/Ethnicity No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 100 164 21 263 34 341 44 7 1 White 625 81 130 21 211 34 280 45 4 1 Asian 74 10 18 24 29 39 27 36 0 0 Underrepresented Minorities * 61 8 12 20 22 36 27 44 0 0 No Report 15 2 4 27 1 7 7 47 3 20 * Underrepresented minorities include African American, Native American, Hispanic, and “other.” FIGURE 3-2 Academic productivity of female engineering faculty at U.S. institutions in 1994 and 1995.

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-7 Level of Satisfaction with Current Employment of Female Engineering Faculty by Field of Highest Degree   Level of Satisfaction   Total Very Dissatisfied Somewhat Dissatisfied Somewhat Satisfied Very Satisfied No Report Field of Highest Degree No. No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 53 7 133 17 286 37 234 30 69 9 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 52 2 4 10 19 20 38 16 31 4 8 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 84 5 6 18 21 21 25 31 37 9 11 Civil Engineering 81 3 4 18 22 32 40 25 31 3 4 Electrical/Computer Engineering 124 9 7 18 15 50 40 35 28 12 10 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 42 4 10 7 17 18 43 10 24 3 7 Mechanical/General Engineering 99 8 8 29 29 30 30 25 25 7 7 Other Engineering 67 8 12 7 10 35 52 14 21 3 4 Computer Sciences 64 2 3 8 13 27 42 17 27 10 16 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 40 4 10 7 18 13 33 13 33 3 8 Physical Sciences 50 4 8 5 10 13 26 25 50 3 6 Other Fields 43 2 5 5 12 13 30 19 44 4 9 No Field Specified 29 2 7 1 3 14 48 4 14 8 28 TABLE 3-8 Level of Satisfaction with Current Employment of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Age   Total Very Dissatisfied Somewhat Dissatisfied Somewhat Satisfied Very Satisfied No Report Age No. No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 775 53 7 133 17 286 37 234 30 69 9 Under 35 124 7 6 26 21 47 38 34 27 10 8 35-39 219 16 7 45 21 84 38 61 28 13 6 40-44 194 10 5 28 14 79 41 62 32 15 8 45-54 156 16 10 26 17 51 33 44 28 19 12 55 and Older 58 2 3 6 10 15 26 29 50 6 10 No Report 24 2 8 2 8 10 42 4 17 6 25

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-9 Previous Employment Sector of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions, by Field of Highest Degree   Sector   Total Education Government For-Profit Business/Industry * Other Field of Highest Degree No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Total 492 100 181 37 70 14 216 44 25 5 Aerospace/Industrial Engineering 34 7 10 29 2 6 19 56 3 9 Chemical/Mineral Engineering 44 9 13 30 8 18 19 43 4 9 Civil Engineering 57 12 17 30 13 23 22 39 5 9 Electrical/Computer Engineering 69 14 27 39 5 7 36 52 1 1 Materials Sci/Plastics/Ceramics Engineering 33 7 12 36 6 18 14 42 1 3 Mechanical/General Engineering 64 13 21 33 8 13 32 50 3 5 Other Engineering 45 9 17 38 4 9 20 44 4 9 Computer Sciences 39 8 18 46 5 13 14 36 2 5 Mathematical Sciences/Operations Research 21 4 12 57 3 14 6 29 0 0 Physical Sciences 43 9 21 49 10 23 11 26 1 2 Other Fields 32 7 9 28 4 13 18 56 1 3 No Field Specified 11 2 4 36 2 18 5 45 0 0 * Includes those self-employed. NOTE: Total includes only those who provided a previous employment sector.

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-10 Reasons Given by Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions for Leaving Previous Employer Reasons Number Percent Total 492 100 Professional Motivation 291 59 Opportunities for Advancement 79 16 More Education * 68 14 Overall Satisfaction 53 11 Sector * 35 7 Job Ended * 40 8 Better Job * 12 2 Your Ability to Obtain Research Funding 4 1 Family/Personal Reasons 93 19 Job for Spouse/Partner in Another Locale 33 7 Geographic Location 23 5 Lack of Job in Area for Spouse/Partner 19 4 Family * 17 3 Environment/Schools for My Children 1 0 Work Environment 66 13 Opportunity to Do Research 22 4 Experience with the Tenure Process 15 3 Salary Level 9 2 Teaching Responsibilities 5 1 Level of Communication Among Faculty 5 1 Opportunity for Administrative Responsibilities 4 1 Research Facilities and Equipment 2 0 Benefits 2 0 Instructional Facilities and Equipment 1 0 Pressure to Publish 1 0 Other 30 6 No Report 12 2 * Write-in responses. NOTE: Total includes only those who provided a previous employment sector in Question 53.

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-11 Career Impact of Aspects of the Work Environment and Life Cycle Events on Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions   Total Positive Impact Negative Impact No Impact/Not Applicable No Report No. No. % No. % No. % No. % Opportunities for Advancement 775 399 51 100 13 188 24 88 11 Requirement to Publish 775 421 54 152 20 133 17 69 9 Teaching Responsibilities 775 480 62 166 21 61 8 68 9 Opportunity to do Research 775 492 63 115 15 91 12 77 10 Number of Women on Engineering Faculty 775 140 18 257 33 308 40 70 9 Opportunity for Administrative Responsibilities 775 182 23 125 16 395 51 73 9 Research Facilities and Equipment 775 339 44 235 30 129 17 72 9 Research Funding Available to Faculty 775 306 39 276 36 116 15 77 10 Your Ability to Obtain Research Funding 775 403 52 199 26 99 13 74 10 Instructional Facilities and Equipment 775 274 35 185 24 237 31 79 10 Salary Level 775 287 37 162 21 256 33 70 9 Benefits 775 301 39 62 8 340 44 72 9 Level of Communication Among Department Faculty 775 333 43 262 34 110 14 70 9 Opportunities to Attend Professional Meetings 775 545 70 77 10 82 11 71 9 Geographic Location 775 315 41 178 23 207 27 75 10 Job or Job Opportunities in Area for Spouse or Partner 775 274 35 162 21 217 28 122 16 Marriage 775 292 38 116 15 286 37 81 10 Being Part of a Dual-Career Couple 775 242 31 260 34 195 25 78 10 Having Children 775 128 17 272 35 288 37 87 11 Balancing Work and Family Responsibilities 775 127 16 401 52 166 21 81 10

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 3-12 Factors Facilitating the Academic Careers of Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions Factor Number Percent Total 775 100 Aspects of the Work Environment (Rewards of Teaching; Availability of External Research Funds; Flexible Schedules; Opportunity Both to Teach and to Conduct Research; Affirmative Action) 252 33 Influences From Others (Mentors; Family; Professional Networks) 133 17 Self 1 (Personal Ability; Research and Publications) 10 14 Education (University Where Ph.D. Was Earned; Timing of Degree; Developments in Chosen Field) 54 7 Prior Experience (As a Teaching or Research Assistant; As a Postdoctoral Fellow; Working in Industry) 50 6 Other 8 1 No Report 168 22 NOTE: Subcategories listed under each broad area of influence are examples of some of the write-in responses.

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FEMALE ENGINEERING FACULTY AT U.S. INSTITUTIONS: A DATA PROFILE TABLE 4-1 Suggestions From Female Engineering Faculty at U.S. Institutions of Areas for Additional Inquiry Topic Number of Responses Total 206 Personal Background 9 Parents’ Educational Background 2 Family’s Socioeconomic Status 2 Careers of Siblings 1 Other Precollege Influences on Career Decisions 4 Preparation for Academe 22 Financing One’s Education 3 Postdoctoral Experience 2 Preparation for Work in Academe 7 Factors Affecting Choice to Work in Academe 10 Family Status and Responsibilities 33 Balancing Work Responsibilities and Personal Life 24 Sex of Partner 7 Careers of Children 2 Terms of Employment 28 Specific Field and Position of Employment 7 Primary Work Activity 5 Tenure 5 Salary in Comparison to That of Men 4 Importance of Collaboration and Publication 4 Availability of Research Funding 3 Work Environment 26 Evolving Work Environment 4 Collegiality of Faculty in My Department 5 Extra-Departmental Influences 8 Influences of Female Engineering Faculty and Administrators 9 Job Satisfaction and Factors Affecting Success 85 Overall Job Satisfaction 18 Mentoring 19 Factors Enabling Some Female Faculty to be More Successful Than Others 8 Other Obstacles Faced in Education and/or Employment Because of Being Female (Including Discrimination) 40 Non-Native U.S. Citizens 3

Representative terms from entire chapter:

female engineering