National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 5 APPLICATION TO WATER RESOURCES
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×

References

Abdulla, F.A., D.P. Lettenmaier, E.F. Wood, and J.A. Smith. 1996. Application of a macroscale hydrologic model to estimate the water balance of the Arkansas-Red River basin. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7449–7459.

Arakawa, A., and V.R. Lamb. 1977. Computational design of the basic dynamical processes of the UCLA general circulation model. Methods Comput. Phys. 17, 173–265.

Atlas, R., N. Wolfson, and J. Terry. 1993. The effect of SST and soil moisture anomalies on GLA model simulations of the 1988 U.S. summer drought. J. Climate 6, 2034–2048.

Avissar, R., and Y. Liu. 1996. Three-dimensional numerical study of shallow convective clouds and precipitation induced by land surface forcing. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7499–7518.


Baldwin, M., and K. Mitchell. 1996. The NCEP Multi-sensor U.S. precipitation analysis. Pp. J95-J96 in Eleventh Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, American Meteorological Society, Norfolk, Va., August 19–23.

Bardsley, W.E., and D.I. Campbell. 1994. A new method for measuring near-surface moisture budgets in hydrological systems. J. Hydrol. 154, 245–254.

Bedient, P.B., and W.C. Huber. 1988. Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 650 pp.

Beljaars, A.C.M., P. Viterbo, and M.J. Miller. 1996. The anomalous rainfall over the United States during July 1993: sensitivity to land surface parameterization and soil moisture anomalies. Mon. Wea. Rev. 124, 362–383.

Benjamin, S.G., J.M. Brown, K.J. Brundage, D. Devenyi, B. Schwartz, T.G. Smirnova, T.L. Smith, and F.-J. Wang. 1996. The 40-km 40-level version of MAPS/RUC. Pp. J95-J96 in Eleventh Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, American Meteorological Society, Norfolk, Va., August 19–23.

Betts, A.K., and M.T. Miller. 1986. A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX and Arctic air-mass data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 112, 693–709.

Betts, A.K., J.H. Ball, and A.C.M. Beljaars. 1993. Comparison between the land surface response of the European Centre model and the FIFE-1987 data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 119, 975–1001

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×

Beven, K.J., R. Lamb, P. Quinn, R. Romanowicz, and J. Freer. 1995. TOPMODEL. Pp. 627–668 in Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, V.P. Singh (ed.). Highlands Ranch, Colo.: Water Resources Publications.

Black, T. 1994. The new NMC mesoscale Eta model: description and forecast examples. Weather Forecasting 9, 265–278.

Bleck, R., and S.G. Benjamin. 1993. Regional weather prediction with a model combining terrain-following and isentropic coordinates. Part I: Model description. Mon. Wea. Rev. 121, 1770–1785.

Bonan, G.B. 1996. Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to subgrid infiltration and surface runoff. Climate Dynamics 12, 279.

Brazil, L.E. and M.D. Hudlow. 1981. Calibration procedures used with the National Weather Service River Forecast System. In Water and Related Land Resource Systems. Haimes, Y.Y and J. Kindler (eds.). Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 457–466.

Budyko, M.I., et al. 1978. Heat Balance of the Earth. St. Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat.

Carroll, T.R. 1997. Integrated observations and processing of snowcover data in the NWS hydrology program. 77th American Meteorological Society annual meeting: Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, Long Beach, Calif., February 2–7.

Chang, M. 1981. A survey of the U.S. national precipitation network. Water Resour. Bull. 17, 241–243.

Charlock, T., and T. Alberta. 1995. CERES/ARM/GEWEX Experiment (CAGEX) radiation data available. GEWEX News 5, 3–4.

Chen, F., K. Mitchell, J. Schaake, Y. Xue, H.-L. Pan, V. Koren, Q. Duan, and A. Betts. 1996. Modeling of land surface evaporation by four schemes and comparison with FIFE observations. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7251–7268.

Copeland, J.H., R.A. Pielke, and T.G.F. Kittel. 1996. Potential climate impacts of vegetation change: a regional modeling study. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7409–7418.

Coughlan, M., and R. Avissar. 1996. The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP): an overview. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7139–7147

Crawford, N.H., and R.K. Linsley. 1966. Digital simulation in hydrology: Stanford watershed model IV. Technical Report No. 39, Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.

Crum, T.D., and R.L. Alberty. 1993. The WSR-88D and the WSR-88D Operational Support Facility. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 74, 1669–1687.

Cuenca, R., M. Ek, and L. Mahrt. 1996. Impact of soil water property parameterization on atmospheric boundary-layer simulation. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7269–7280.


Delworth, T., and S. Manabe. 1989. The influence of soil wetness on near-surface atmospheric variability. J. Climate 2, 1447–1462.

Dickinson, R.E., A. Henderson-Sellers, P.J. Kennedy, and M.F. Wilson. 1986. Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model. TN-275+STR, NCAR, Boulder, Colo.

Dickinson, R.E., A. Henderson-Sellers, and P.J. Kennedy. 1996. Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) version le as coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model. TN-387+STR, NCAR, Boulder, Colo.

Duan, Q., J.C. Schaake, Jr., V.I. Koren, K. Mitchell, and F. Chen. 1997. A comparison study of calibrated and a priori parameters of land surface parameterizations—a case study for GCIP large-scale area southwest. Preprint, Thirteenth Conference on Hydrology, American Meteorological Society, Long Beach, Calif., February 2–8.

Dunne, T., and R.D. Black. 1970. Partial area contributions to storm runoff in a small New England watershed. Water Resources Research 6, 1296–1311.

Dunne, T., and L.B. Leopold. 1978. Water in Environmental Planning. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company Publishing, 814 pp.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×

Ellingston, R.G., D. Yanuk, A. Gruber, and A.J. Miller. 1994. Development and application of remote sensing of longwave heating from the NOAA polar-orbiting satellites. J. Photogr. Eng. and Rem. Sens. 60, 307–316.


Feldman, A.D., and D.W. Davis. 1993. Recent HEC modeling activities. Pp. 1–44 in Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the '90s. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 93–4018. USGS, Reston, Va.

Feng, X., and S. Epstein. 1996. Climatic trends from isotopic records of tree rings: the past 100–200 years. Climatic Change 33, 551–562.

Fiering, M., and B. Jackson. 1971. Synthetic Streamflows. Water Resources Monograph 1. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union

Fleming, R.J., and A.J. Hills. 1993. Humidity profiles via commercial aircraft. Pp. 125–129 in Eighth Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Anaheim, Calif. Boston, Mass.: American Meteorological Society. January 17–22.


Gao, X., and S. Sorooshian. 1994. A stochastic precipitation disaggregation scheme for GCM applications. J. Climate 7, 238.

Gao, X., S. Sorooshian, and H.V. Gupta. 1996. Sensitivity analysis of the biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7279–7289.

Gat, J.R. 1996. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the hydrologic cycle. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 24, 225–262.

Gerrity, J.P. Jr., T.L. Black, and R.E. Treadon. 1994. The numerical solution of the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulent kinetic energy equation in the Eta model. Mon. Wea Rev. 122, 1640–1646.

GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP). 1993. Implementation Plan for the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP), Vol. I—Data Collection and Operational Model Upgrade. IGPO Publication Series No. 6. Available from International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO), 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210, Silver Spring, Md. 20910

Groisman, D.V., and D.R. Legates. 1994. The accuracy of United States precipitation data. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 75, 215–227.

Groisman, P.Ya., D.R. Easterling, R.G. Quayle, V.S. Golubev, A.N. Krenke, and A. Yu. Mikhailov. 1996. Reducing biases in estimates of precipitation over the United States: phase 3 adjustments. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7185–7195.

Guetter, A.K., and K.P. Georgakakos. 1996. Large-scale properties of simulated soil water variability. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7175–7183.

Gupta, H.V., P.O. Yapo, and S. Sorooshian. 1996. Towards a new paradigm for the calibration of hydrologic models. Water Resources Research, in review.

Gupta, V. G., S. Sorooshian, and P.O. Yapo. 1998. Toward improved calibration of hydrologic models: Mutiple and noncommensurable measures of information. Water Resources Research 34, 751–763.


Helfand, H.M., and S.D. Schubert. 1995. Climatology of the simulated Great Plains low-level jet and its contribution to the continental moisture budget of the United States . J. Climate 8, 784–806.

Henderson-Sellers, A., A.J. Pitman, P.K. Love, P. Irannejad, and T. Chen. 1995. The project for intercomparison of landsurface parameterization schemes (PILPS): phases 2 and 3. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 76, 489–503.

Henning, D. 1989. Atlas of the Surface Heat Balance of the Continents. Berlin: Gebruder Borntraeger, 402 pp.

Higgins, R.W., K.C. Mo, and S.D. Schubert. 1996. The moisture budget of the central United States in spring as evaluated in the NCEP/NCAR and the NASA/DAO reanalyses. Mon. Weather Rev. 124, 939–963.

Hollinger, S.E., and S.A. Isard. 1994. A soil moisture climatology of Illinois. J. Climate 7, 822–833.

Horton, R.E. 1933. The role of infiltration in the hydrologic cycle. EOS, American Geophysical Union Transactions 14, 446–460.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×

Hsu, K., X. Gao, S. Sorooshian, and H.V. Gupta. 1997. Precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks . J. Appl. Meteorol. 36, 1176.

Huang, J., and H.M. van den Dool. 1993. Monthly precipitation-temperature relations and temperature prediction over the United States. J. Climate 6, 1111–1132.

Huang, J., H.M. van den Dool, K. Georgakakos. 1996. Analysis of model-calculated soil moisture over the U.S. (1931–93) and applications to long-range temperature forecasts. J. Climate 9, 1350.

Hudlow, M.D. 1988. Technological developments in real-time operational hydrological forecasting in the United States. J. Hydrology 102, 69–92.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1996a. Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC. New York: Cambridge University Press, 879 pp.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1996b. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change: Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC. New York: Cambridge University Press, 572 pp.

International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO). 1993. Implementation Plan for GCIP, Vol. 1: Observations. IGPO Publication Series No. 6. Washington, D.C.

International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO). 1994a. Implementation Plan for GCIP, Vol. 2: Research. IGPO Publication Series No. 8. Washington, D.C.

International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO). 1994b. Implementation Plan for GCIP, Vol. 3: Data Management. IGPO Publication Series No. 9. Washington, D.C.

International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO). 1994c. Major Activities Plan for 1995, 1996 and Outlook for 1997 for the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP). IGPO Publication Series No. 12. Washington, D.C., 143 pp.


Janjic, Z.I. 1994. The step-mountain Eta coordinate model: further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev. 122, 927–945.

Juang, H.-M., and M. Kanamitsu. 1994. The NMC Nested Regional Spectral Model. Mon. Wea. Rev. 122, 3–26.


Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Colloins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, Y. Zhu, A. Leetma, R. Reynolds, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, W. Higgins, J. Janowiak, K.C. Mo, C. Ropelewski, J. Wang, R. Jenne, and D. Joseph. 1996. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 72, 1897–1904.

Kanamitsu, M. 1989. Description of the NMC Global Data Assimilation and Forecast System. Weather and Forecast 4, 335–342.

Kanamitsu, M. 1991. Recent changes implemented into the global forecast system at NMC. Wea. Forecasting 6, 425–435.

Kanamitsu, M., and S. Saha. 1996. Systematic tendency error in budget calculations. Mon. Wea. Rev. 124, 1145.

Klazura, G.E., and D.A. Imy. 1993. A description of the initial set of analysis products available from the NEXRAD WSR-88D system. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 74, 1293–1311.

Koren, V.I., J.C. Schaake, Q. Duan, P. Koch. 1996. Parameter estimation of large-scale hydrological models using land surface characteristics, Preprint, Vol. 2. Pp. 253–254 in GEWEX International Scientific Conference, Washington, D.C. June. GEWEX, WCRP.

Koster, R.D., and M.J. Suarez. 1995. Relative contributions of land and ocean processes to precipitation variability. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 13755–13790.


Langbein, W.B., et al. 1949. Annual Runoff in the United States. U. S. Geol. Surv. Circ. 52. USGS, Reston, Va., 14 pp.

Lanicci, J.M., T.N. Carlson, and T.T. Warner. 1987. Sensitivity of the Great Plains severe-storm environment to soil-moisture distribution. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115, 2660–2674.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×

Leese, J. 1995. Major activities plan for 1996, 1997 and outlook for 1998 for the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP). IGPO Publication Series 16, 142 pp. plus appendixes.

Liang, X., D.P. Lettenmaier, E.F. Wood, and S.J. Burges. 1994. A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res. 99(D7), 14415–14428.

Lin, Y., K.E. Mitchell, E. Rogers, M. Baldwin. 1997. Assimilation of hourly precipitation data to improve the water cycle components of NCEP's Eta model. Pp. 52–53 in Thirteenth Conference on Hydrology, American Meteorological Society, Long Beach, Calif., February 2–8.

Lindsey, S.D. 1993. Strategy for utilizing radar-based precipitation estimates for river forecasting. Pp. 940–945 in Proceedings of the Symposium in Engineering Hydrology, C.Y. Kuo (ed.). Sponsored by the Hydraulics Division of the ASCE, San Francisco, Calif., July 25–30, 1256 pp.

Lohmann, D., E. Raschke, B. Nijssen, and D.P. Lettenmaier. 1998. Regional scale hydrology: application of the VIC-2L model to the Weser River, Germany. Hydrological Sciences Journal 43, 143.

Manabe, S. 1969. Climate and the ocean circulation. I. The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the Earth's surface. Mon. Wea. Rev. 97, 739–774.

Marshall, S., J. Roads, R. Oglesby, 1997. Effects of resolution and physics on precipitation in NCAR Community Climate Model. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 19529.

McNally, A., and M. Vesperini. 1996. Variational analysis of humidity information from TOVS at ECMWF. Q.J. Royal Meteorol. Soc. 122, 1521–1544.

Meade, R.H. 1996. Contaminants in the Mississippi River, 1987–1992. U.S. Geol. Surv. Circular 1133. USGS, Reston, Va., 140 pp.

Milly, P.C.D. 1994. Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance. Water Resources Res. 30, 2143–2156.

Milly, P.C.D., and K.A. Dunne. 1994. Sensitivity of the global water cycle to the water-holding capacity of land. J. Climate 7, 508–526.

Mintz, Y., and Y.V. Serafini. 1981. Global Fields of Soil Moisture and Land-Surface Evapotranspiration. Pp. 178–180 in NASA-GSFC Tech. Memo. 83907, Research Review—1980/81. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.

Moncrieff, M.W., D. Gregory, S.K. Kreueger, J.-L. Redelsperger, and W.-K. Tao. 1997. GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) Working Group 4: Precipitating Convective Cloud Systems. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 78, 831–845.

Moneg, C.-H., W.R. Cotton, C. Bretherton, A. Chlond, M. Khairoutdinov, S.K. Krueger, W.S. Lewellen, M.K. MacVean, L. Pasquier, H.A. Rand, A.P. Siebesma, R.I. Sykes, and B Stevens. 1996. Simulation of a stratocumulus-topped PBL: intercomparison among different numerical codes. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77, 261.


Namias, J. 1958. Persistence of mid-tropospheric circulations between adjacent months and seasons. Pp. 240–248 in Rossby Memorial Volume. Rockefeller Institute Press and Oxford University Press.

National Research Council (NRC). 1991. Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 348 pp.

National Research Council (NRC). 1995. A Review of the U.S. Global Change Program and NASA's Mission to Planet Earth/Earth Observing System. Committee on Global Change Research, Board on Sustainable Development. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 96 pp.

Nijssen, B., D.P. Lettenmaier, X. Liang, S.W. Wetzel, and E.F. Wood. 1997. Streamflow simulation for continental-scale watersheds. Water Resources Research 33, 711.


Oglesby, R.J., and D.J. Erickson. 1989. Soil moisture and the persistence of North American drought. J. Climate 2, 1362.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×

Paegle, J., K.C. Mo, and J. Nogues-Paegle. 1996. Dependence of simulated precipitation on surface evaporation during the 1993 United States summer floods. Mon. Wea. Rev. 124, 345–361.

Pan, H.-L., and L. Mahrt. 1987. Interaction between soil hydrology and boundary-layer development. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 38, 185–220.

Parrish, D.F., and J.C. Derber. 1992. The National Meteorological Center's spectral statistical interpolation analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev. 120, 1747–1763.

Perica, S., and E. Foufoula-Georgiou. 1996. Linkage of scaling and thermodynamic parameters of rainfall: results from midlatitude mesoscale convective systems. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7431–7448.

Pielke, R.A., W. R. Cotton, R.L. Walko, C.J. Tremback, W.A. Lyons, L.D. Grasso, M.E. Nicholls, M.D. Moran, D.A. Wesley, T.J. Lee, and J.H. Copeland. 1992. A comprehensive meteorological modeling system—RAMS. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 49, 69–91.

Pinker, R.T., I. Laszlo, Y. Wang, and J.D. Tarpley. 1996. GCIP GOES shortwave radiation budgets: Validation activity. Second International Scientific Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle, Washington, D.C., June 17–21.


Rabin, R.M., and D.M. Martin. 1996. Satellite observations of shallow cumulus coverage over the central United States: an exploration of land use impact on cloud cover. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7149–7155.

Rasmusson, E.M. 1967. Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America. I. Characteristics of the water vapor flux field. Mon. Wea. Rev. 95, 403–426.

Rasmusson, E.M. 1968. Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America. II. Large-scale water balance investigations. Mon. Wea. Rev. 96, 720–734.

Rasmusson, E.M. 1971. A study of the hydrology of eastern North America using atmospheric vapor flux data. Mon. Wea. Rev. 99, 119–135.

Rasmusson, E.M., and K.C. Mo. 1996. Large-scale atmospheric moisture cycling as evaluated from the NMC analyses. J. Climate 9, 3276–3297.

Rind, D. 1982. The influence of ground moisture conditions in North America on summer climate as modeled in the GISS GCM. Mon. Wea. Rev. 112, 474–490.

Ritchie, H. 1991. Application of the semi-Lagrangian method to a multilevel spectral primitive-equations model. Q.J. Royal Meteorol. Soc. 117, 91–106.

Roads, J.O., S.-C. Chen, A. Guetter, and K. Georgakakos. 1994. Large-scale aspects of the United States hydrologic cycle. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 75, 1589–1610.

Roads, J.O., S.-C. Chen, M. Kanamitsu, and H. Juang. 1997. GDAS's GCIP energy budgets. J. Atmos. Sci. 54, 1776–1794.

Roads, J.O., S.-C. Chen, M. Kanamitsu, and H. Juang. 1998a. Surface water characteristics in the NCEP global spectral model and reanalysis. J. Geophys. Res. (in press).

Roads, J.O. S.-C. Chen, M. Kanamitsu, and H. Juang. 1998b. NCEP's water and energy budget analysis residuals. J. Geophys. Res. (in press).

Rogers, E., T. Black, D. Deaven, G. DiMego, Q. Zhao, M. Baldwin, N. Junker, and Y. Linn. 1996. Changes to the operational ''Early" Eta analysis/forecast system at the National Centers of Environmental Prediction. Wea. Forecast 11, 391–413.


Sargent, N.E. 1989. Interannual variability in North American moisture fluxes: streamflow records meet atmospheric analyses. NTIS PB90-198573. Pp. 455–459 in Proceedings Fourteenth Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop.

Savijarvi, H.I. 1988. Global energy and moisture budgets from rawinsonde data. Mon. Wea. Rev. 116, 417–430.

Schaake, J.C, Jr., V.I. Koren, Q. Duan, K. Mitchell, and F. Chen. 1996. Simple water balance model for estimating runoff at different spatial and temporal scales. J. Geophys. Res. 101(D3), 7461–7475

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×

Schubert, R., B. Rood, and J. Phaendtner. 1993. An assimilated dataset for earth applications. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 74, 2331–2342.

Sellers, P.J., Y. Mintz, Y.C. Sud, and A. Dalcher, 1986. A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci. 43, 505–531.

Seo, D.-J. 1998a. Optimal estimation of rainfall fields using radar rainfall and rain gage data. J. Hydrology (in press).

Seo, D.-J. 1998b. Real-time estimation of rainfall fields using rain gage data under fractional coverage conditions. J. Hydrology (accepted for publication).

Seth, A., and F. Giorgi. 1996. Three-dimensional model study of organized mesoscale circulations induced by vegetation. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7371–7391.

Singh, V.P. 1992. Elementary Hydrology, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Publishing, 966 pp.

Smirnova, T.G., J.M. Brown, and S.G. Benjamin. 1996. The soil component of the MAPS model: Description and performance in one and three dimensional applications. Pp. J95-J96 in Preprints, Eleventh Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Norfolk, Va., August 19–23.

Smirnova, T.G., J.M. Brown, and S.G. Benjamin. 1997a. Performance of different soil model configurations in simulating ground surface temperature and surface fluxes. Mon. Wea. Rev. 125, 1870–1884.

Smirnova, T.G., J.M. Brown, and S.G. Benjamin. 1997b. Evolution of soil moisture and temperature in the MAPS/RUC assimilation cycle. Preprint, Thirteenth Conference on Hydrology, American Meteorological Society, Long Beach, Calif., February 2–8.

Smith, J.A., D.-J. Seo, M.L. Baeck, and M.D. Hudlow. 1996. An intercomparison study of NEXRAD precipitation estimates. Water Resour. Res. 32, 2035–2045.

Starr, V.P., and J.P. Peixoto. 1958. On the global balance of water vapor and the hydrology of deserts. Tellus 10, 189–194.

Stensrud, D.J. 1996. Importance of low-level jets to climate: a review. J. Climat. 9, 1698–1711.

Tarpley, J.D., R.T. Pinker, and I. Laszlo. 1996. Experimental GOES shortwave radiation budget for GCIP. Second International Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle, Washington, D.C., June 17–21.

Trenberth, K.E., and C.J. Guillemot. 1995. Evaluation of the global atmospheric moisture budgets as seen from analysis. J. Climate 8, 2255–2272.


USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). 1993. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1990. USGS National Circular 1081. USGS, Reston, Va.


Van der Kamp, G., and H. Maathuis. 1991. Annual fluctuations of groundwater levels as a result of loading by surface moisture. J. Hydrology 127, 137–152.

Van der Kamp, G., and R. Schmidt. 1995. Accurate non-disruptive monitoring of soil moisture balance using 30-meter deep groundwater piezometers. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 76 (46) Suppl., F122.

Vberseghy, D.L. 1991. CLASS—A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs I: Soil model. International J. Climatology 11, 111–133.

Vberseghy, D.L., N.A. McFarlane, and M. Lazare. 1993. CLASS—A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs II: Vegetation model and coupled runs. International J. Climatology 13, 347–370.

Vinnikov, K.Y., A. Robock, N.A. Speranskaya, and C.A. Schlosser. 1996. Scales of temporal and spatial variability of midlatitude soil moisture. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7163–7174.

Viterbo, P., and A.C. Beljaars. 1995. An improved land surface parameterization scheme in the ECMWF model and its validation. J. Climate 8, 2716.


Wahl, K.L., W.O. Thomas, Jr., and R.M. Hirsch. 1995. The Stream-Gauging Program of the U.S. Geological Survey . U.S. Geol. Survey. Circ. 1123. USGS, Reston, Va., 22 pp.

Wang, M., and J. Paegle. 1996. Impact of analysis uncertainty upon regional atmospheric moisture flux. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7291–7303.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×

Wetzel, P.J., S. Argentini, and A. Boone. 1996. Role of land surface in controlling daytime cloud amount: two case studies in the GCIP-SW area. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 7359–7370.

Wood, E.F., D.P. Lettenmaier, and V.G. Zartarian. 1996. A land-surface parameterization with subgrid for general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 2717–2728.

Wood, E.F., D.P. Lettenmaier, X. Liang, B. Nijssen, and S.W. Wetzel. 1997. Hydrological modeling of continental-scale basins. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25, 279–300.

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). 1987. GEWEX Scientific Plan. Geneva: WMO.

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). 1992. Scientific Plan for the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project . WCRP Report No. 67. Geneva: WMO.

World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 1992. Scientific Plan for the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP). WCRP-67, WMO/TD-No. 61. Geneva: WMO, 65 pp.

Xie, P., and P.A. Arkin. 1996. Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions. J. Climate 9, 840.


Yapo, P.O., H.V. Gupta, and S. Sorooshian. 1998. Multi-objective global optimization for hydrologic models. J. Hydrology 204, 83–97.

Yeh, T.-C., R.T. Wetherald, and S. Manabe. 1984. The effect of soil moisture on the short-term climate and hydrology change—a numerical experiment. Mon. Wea. Rev. 112, 474–490.


Zhao, Q., T.L. Black, and M.E. Baldwin. 1997. Implementation of the cloud prediction scheme in the Eta model at NCEP. Wea. Forecasting 12, 2697.

Zhao, W., and M.A.K. Khalil. 1993. The relationship between precipitation and temperature over the contiguous United States . J. Climate 6, 1232–1236.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
Page 70
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
Page 71
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
Page 72
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
Page 73
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
Page 74
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
Page 75
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
Page 76
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
Page 77
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1998. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6149.
×
Page 78
Next: APPENDIX A »
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project: A Review of Progress and Opportunities Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $40.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Efforts to understand climate variability and predict future climate change have highlighted many aspects of the hydrologic cycle and the exchange of energy and water at the atmosphere-surface interface as areas of critically needed study. The very nature of weather and climate demands that an international perspective and a comprehensive research approach be applied to understand these important issues.

In response to this need, the international partners of the World Climate Research Program developed GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Experiment) as a major focus of international study. As the first of five continental-scale experiments, the GEWEX Continental Scale International Project (GCIP) was established to quantitatively assess the hydrologic cycle and energy fluxes of the Mississippi River basin.

GCIP focuses on understanding the annual, interannual, and spatial variability of hydrology and climate within the Mississippi River basin; the development and evaluation of regional coupled hydrologic/atmospheric models; the development of data assimilation schemes; and the development of accessible, comprehensive databases. Improved water resource management on seasonal to interannual time scales is also a key GCIP goal. This book reviews the GCIP program, describes progress to date, and explores promising opportunities for future progress.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!