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Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

Index

A

Academic programs and research, 3, 12, 15, 20

attitudes toward, 79

collaborative research with CBOs, 12-13, 76, 79, 87, 96, 98-99, 102 -103, 140, 141, 144

information linkages with CBOs, 12-13, 20, 35, 68, 111-112, 119,135, 137

preventive interventions, 102-103

primary care services, 35

state funding, 8

see also Medical education;

Professional education

Acupuncture, 37-38, 150, 175, 195, 244

ADAMHA Reorganization Act of 1992, 95-96

Addiction Severity Index, 103, 155-156, 172

Administrators and managers, 211, 248

associations of, opinions, 65, 95-97

CBOs, 5, 10, 27-29, 35, 41-42, 47-51, 59-60, 64, 66, 68, 76, 77,90, 93, 94, 99, 100, 112, 117, 123, 135, 187, 189, 190, 232, 247, 249

state agency, 31, 35

see also Case management;

Management information systems

Adolescents, 34, 74, 87, 148, 194, 238, 239-240

Advocacy groups, 11-13, 31, 46-47, 51, 118-120 passim, 198, 227

Internet sites, 227-228

African Americans, 139, 140, 143, 159, 160, 193, 194, 214, 249

Aftercare, see Followup treatment

Age factors, 152, 153, 193, 194, 209

see also Adolescents;

Children

Agency for Health Care Policy Research, 10, 14, 63-64, 226

Agricultural Extension Service, 69

AHCPR, see Agency for Health Care Policy Research

AIDS, see Human immunodeficiency virus

Alcohol abuse, 27-28, 49, 50, 61, 73, 95

adolescents, 239

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 192, 193, 194

cocaine abuse and, 38-39

Community Reinforcement Approach, 169

driving while under the influence,19, 239

naltrexrone, 33, 167

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

NIH heroin addiction treatment

guidelines, 209

outcome monitoring, 153-160 passim, 167, 168, 169

pregnant women, 36

Alcohol and Drug Research Study, 37

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 187-197

Alcoholics Anonymous, 24, 27-29, 85, 138, 140, 160, 162-164, 169, 175

Aliviane, 77

American Cancer Society, 46

American Heart Association, 46

American Lung Association, 46

American Medical Association, 62, 200

American Psychiatric Association, 61

American Society of Addiction Medicine, 61, 100, 161

Amphetamines, see Methamphetamines

Antabuse (disulfiram), 167, 169, 242

Antidepressants, 170

Anxiolytic buspirone, 170

Arapaho House Comprehensive Substance Abuse Treatment Center, 73-75, 78, 79, 82

Arizona, 20

ASI, see Addiction Severity Index

Asians/Pacific Islanders, 139, 194, 244

Assessment methodology, see Evaluation methodology;

Quality control

Attitudes, vi

AA members, 27-29

abuser motivation, 33, 50, 80, 156-157, 162, 163, 175, 235, 241-242, 247

contingency management, 34

methadone maintenance, 32, 49-50

researchers, 77, 98

research subjects, 98, 99

self-esteem, 80

stigma, 9, 11, 16, 17, 25, 32, 46-48, 49-50, 116, 153, 205, 210, 213

treatment facilities placement, local residents, 38, 46, 47, 49-50

trust building, xv, 3, 5, 56, 57, 66-70, 74, 98, 112

B

Barbiturates, 194

Behavioral interventions, 2, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 24, 59, 67, 74, 86, 150, 164-165, 170-171

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 202, 208, 209

see also Contingency management;

Counseling and counselors;

Group therapy

Benzodiazepines, 194

Biopsychological factors, vii,6, 16, 17, 80

methamphetamine abuse, 229

opiate addiction, 200-201, 203-204, 212

outcome analysis, 152

recovering addicts, 149

see also Drugs to treat abusers;

Genetic factors;

Medical interventions;

Mental illness;

Withdrawal

Black persons, see African Americans

Block grants, 7, 17, 27, 42-43, 65, 114, 197

methadone, 31

Buprenorphine, 49, 151, 166, 207, 209

C

California, 20, 22, 35, 36

Cancer treatment, 11, 46, 68-69, 96, 100-102, 107

cost-effectiveness, 5, 101, 112

see also Community Clinical Oncology Program

Case management, 34, 74, 97, 173, 238, 248, 250

CASPAR, 102

CBOs, see Community-based drug treatment organizations

CCOP, see Community Clinical Oncology Program

Center for Mental Health Services, 95

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, 94-95

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, v, vii, 9, 17-18, 116, 124, 231

collaborative research support, 10, 13-15, 18, 74, 94, 100, 117-118, 120

definitional issues, 23

technology transfer, 58, 59-60, 115, 120, 136

treatment protocols, list of approved, 233-234

Center on Alcohol, Substance Abuse, and Addiction, 20, 96, 98-99, 108

Certification, see Licensing and certification

Chestnut Health Systems and Interventions, 99, 107

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

Children, 32, 34, 35, 36, 65, 153-154

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 194, 195

school-based preventive interventions, 73-74, 97, 102-103, 240

see also Adolescents

Chinese Americans, 139

Clinical protocols, 6, 49, 96, 100, 161

CSAT, list of approved, 233-234

Clinical trials, 32, 37, 38, 62, 68, 79, 86, 90, 100-101, 106, 148 , 152, 174

CME, see Continuing medical education

Cocaine, 20, 22, 30, 33, 40(n.1), 49

adolescents, 239

alcohol abuse and, 38-39

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 193, 194

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 206, 209

outcome monitoring, 153, 155, 159, 160-161, 163, 164, 167-168, 171

prison treatments, 249

treatment guidelines, 61

Colleges and universities, see Academic programs and research

Colorado, 73-74

Community-based drug treatment organizations, 2, 5, 6, 17, 18, 42-43

academic researchers, collaboration, 12-13, 76, 79, 87, 96, 98-99, 102-103, 140, 141, 144

academic researchers, information linkages, 12-13, 20, 35, 68, 111 -112, 119, 135, 137

administrators and managers, 5, 10, 27-29, 35, 41-42, 47-51, 59-60, 64, 66, 68, 76, 77, 90, 93, 94, 99, 100, 112, 117, 123, 135, 187, 189, 190, 232, 247, 249

Agricultural Extension Service as model, 69

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 187-197

cancer treatment as model, 5-6, 11, 46, 68-69, 96, 100-102, 107-108, 112-113, 118

counselors in recovery, 24, 27, 41, 44, 45, 75

cultural factors, 20, 24, 98, 131

definitional issues, 2-3, 23-25, 135-141

employment issues, staff, 12-13, 15, 41, 43-46, 59, 76-68, 113

training, 12-13, 15, 41, 43-46, 59, 76-68, 113

historical perspectives, 21-23, 138, 141-143

models, 5-6, 58-70, 83, 85, 101-102, 107-108, 112-113

multimodal treatments, 35

research contributions of, 73-88, 96, 111-114

research recommendations, 7, 12-13

site visit vignettes, 27, 28, 29, 31, 74, 89-90

small providers, 27,29, 41, 59, 60, 84, 85, 141, 190, 191

structural factors, 40-42, 51-52, 59-60

training of staff, 12-13, 15, 41, 43-46, 59, 76-68, 113

understudied approaches, 35-40

underutilized research, 32-34, 116-117, 135-136, 147-176

woman-centered, 36

Community Clinical Oncology Program (NCI), 5-6, 68-69, 96, 100-102, 107-108, 112-113

infrastructure, 5, 101-102, 106, 112-113

Community-level factors, other, 87, 101

adolescent outreach, 240

definitional issues, 136-137

education and training, 43-44

treatment facilities placement, attitudes, 38, 46, 47, 49-50

Community Reinforcement Approach, 169-170, 240-242

Connecticut, 22, 141

Consensus conferences, 63-64, 117, 199

Consumer participation, 2, 4, 6, 10, 31-32, 84, 113, 118-119, 120, 214

cost factors, 5, 11-12, 119

cultural factors, 24(n.4)

foreign language speakers, 20, 99

HIV treatment, 11, 105, 108

professional licensing, 8, 44, 115

standards, 8, 12, 119

training, 13, 113

see also Advocacy groups;

Public education;

Stakeholders

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

Consumer scorecards, 11, 61-63, 118

Contingency management, 30-31, 33-34, 43, 169-170, 175

Continuing care, see Followup treatment

Continuing medical education, 8, 12, 15, 48

guidelines, 62-64

Cost and cost-effectiveness factors, vi, 1, 18, 31, 35, 49, 93, 95, 247, 248

adolescents, treatment, 239-240

cancer treatment as model, 5, 101, 112

consumer participation, 5, 11-12, 119

drug addiction, national losses, 144, 147, 206, 212-213

drugs to treat abusers, 28, 33

employer treatment programs, 147

innovation, 60(n.2)

institutional care, 25

literature review parameters, 148

NIDA/NIAAA efforts, 9, 116

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 206, 209, 212-213

outreach, 239-240, 243

research design, 81, 101

research/practice links, 4, 76-77, 111-112

treatment/patient matching, multiple problems, 173

see also Funding

Counseling and counselors, 20, 37, 41, 44, 86, 231

abusers as counselors, 24, 27, 41, 44, 45, 75, 138;

see also Group therapy

mentors, 45, 48, 111, 244

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 203

outcome monitoring, 164-165, 170-172, 175

theoretical basis, 80

therapy vs, 164-165, 170-171, 175

training, 84

see also Marital status and therapy;

Peer support

Crime and criminal justice system, vi, 2, 3, 20, 43, 96, 143, 144

adolescents, 239

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 191, 192

Department of Justice, 213

driving while under the influence, 19

heroin addiction and, 200, 206, 209

historical perspectives, 22

naltrexone use by probationers, 167

outcome monitoring, 152, 160, 165, 171, 176, 209

outreach, 239, 243

see also Prisons and jails

CSAT, see Center for Substance Abuse Treatment

Cultural factors

addiction, 80, 139, 214

community-based treatment, 20, 24, 98, 131

organizational, vii, 5, 27-29, 60, 85-86, 108, 112, 136

religious factors, 24, 85-86, 138, 140, 244

research collaboration, vii, 24, 77, 96

see also Social factors;

specific groups

D

Databases, 5, 87, 95, 189-190

TEDIS, 232

Data collection, 4, 21, 81, 82, 87, 93, 96, 99, 100, 101

adolescents, 239-240

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 187-188

homeless persons, 103-104

see also Management information systems;

Research methodology

Demographic factors, 142-143

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 193, 194

clinical factors and, 16

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 205-206

outcome analysis, 152-152

types of research, 81

see also Age factors;

Children;

Employment factors;

Gender factors;

Homeless persons;

Minority groups;

Rural areas;

Socioeconomic status;

Urban areas

Department of Health and Human Services, see specific agencies

Department of Justice, 213

Department of Veterans Affairs, 3, 67, 138, 160, 166

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

Detoxification methods and centers, 22, 31, 73-74, 148-176

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 192, 193, 195

see also Drugs to treat abusers

Diagnosis, see Identification of abusers

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 100, 148

Directors, see Administrators and managers

Diseases, other than alcohol/substance abuse, 41, 46, 59, 147, 152 , 204

outcome analysis, 63-64

see also Mental illness;

specific diseases

District of Columbia, 20-21

Disulfiram, see Antabuse

Doctors, see Physicians

Driving while under the influence, 19, 239

Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study, 34

Drug Outcome Monitoring System, 99-100

Drugs of abuse, specific, see specific drugs

Drugs to treat abusers, 41, 49, 67, 80, 117, 149, 150, 166-168, 175 , 202, 208, 214

underutilized, 32-33

see also Antabuse;

Buprenorphine;

Methadone;

Naltrexone

DSM-IV, see Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Duration of treatment, 35, 147, 149, 150, 151, 154, 181, 161-162, 166, 207, 209, 248

E

EAP, see Employee assistance programs

Economic factors, 16, 19-20, 51-52, 112

health services research, 94

knowledge development, 9

see Cost and cost-effectiveness factors;

Socioeconomic status

Educational attainment, 152, 153

Education and training, 2, 12-13, 15, 43-45, 47, 56, 97, 99, 111, 119-120

addicts, 175, 195

costs, 35

counselors, 44, 113

families, 13

Internet sites, 228

organizational learning, 6, 76, 79, 111-112, 113

school-based preventive interventions, 73-74, 97, 102-103, 240

see also Medical education;

Professional education;

Public education;

Technology transfer

Employee assistance programs, 18

Employment factors, 47, 49, 139, 142

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 187, 192, 195

drug rehabilitation organizations, 59, 95, 237, 238

CBO staff, 12-13, 15, 41, 43-46, 59, 76-68, 113

job training/finding, 34, 80, 95, 169, 172, 195

labor unions, 140, 143

outcome monitoring, 157-158, 160, 165, 169, 171, 172, 173

self-insured employers, 11-12, 119

unemployment, 20, 47, 143, 152, 158, 165, 207

Etiology, 1, 16, 31, 150

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 202-204

Evaluation methodology, 9, 39, 77, 117

guidelines, 61-62, 236

scorecards, 11, 61-63, 118

state policy on service delivery, 9

see also Cost and cost-effectiveness factors;

Grant review processes;

Outcome monitoring

Evidence-based treatments, 10-11, 14, 17, 56, 59-60, 63-64, 118

F

Faith, see Religious factors

Families, 8, 11, 84, 119, 152

adolescents, 240

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 192, 195

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 203

outcome monitoring, 158-159, 160, 167, 168, 173, 175, 176

training, 13

see also Parents

Federal government, vii, 2, 22, 29-30, 114, 117

Internet sites, 226-227, 232

see also Legislation;

Regulatory issues;

specific departments and agencies

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

Fluoxetine, 170

Followup treatment, 34, 87, 101, 150, 163, 195, 235, 236

see also Relapse and relapse prevention

Food and Drug Administration, 33, 152, 166, 167, 211, 212

Foreign language speakers, 20, 99

For-profit organizations, 137, 138, 140, 188, 189, 191, 196, 237

see also Health insurance;

Health maintenance organizations

Foundations, 18-19, 46, 141

Funding, vi, 7-8, 12, 14, 17, 21, 42, 49, 77, 97, 98-99, 113-115, 120, 141, 196

advocacy, 46

CBO site visit vignettes, 27-29, 31, 73-74, 89-90

clinical involvement, 247

historical perspectives, 22, 23, 25, 27

homeless persons, treatment, 104

ineffective treatments, 10

managed care reimbursement, 27

prevention programs, 102

small research projects, 7, 76, 84, 114

top-down, 64-66

see also Block grants;

Grant review processes;

Incentives, financial

G

Gay Men's Health Crisis, 46-47

Gender factors, 7, 114, 152, 153, 194

see also Men;

Women

Genetic factors, 150, 202, 203, 205, 212

Global Appraisal of Individual Needs, 99-100

Government, see Federal government;

Local government;

State government Grant review processes, 7, 28, 106-107

Group therapy, 22, 164, 175, 195

see also Peer support

H

Halfway houses, 22, 27-28

Harrison Act, 199

Health insurance, 42, 196, 214

consumer participation, 11-12

Mathematica study, vi

Mental Health Parity Act, vi

self-insured employers, 11-12, 119

see also Medicaid;

Medicare

Health maintenance organizations, 19, 101, 135-136, 140, 141, 143

Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set, 63

Hepatitis, 25, 204, 206, 209

Heredity, see Genetic factors

Here's Looking at You, 102

Heroin, 22, 30, 138, 139, 167

adolescents, 239

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 193, 194

crime and, 200, 206, 209

NIH treatment guidelines, 198-225

outcome monitoring, 153, 158

see also Methadone

Hispanic persons, 20, 77, 194, 214

Historical perspectives, 1, 21-23, 25, 27, 73, 94, 136, 138, 141-143, 199-200

collaborative research, 90-95

community-based defined, 137, 138, 140

demonstration initiatives, 102

funding, 22, 23, 25, 27

hospitals, 21-22, 25

methamphetamine abuse, 230

technology transfer, 48-49, 57, 58

HIV, see Human immunodeficiency virus

HMOs, see Health maintenance organizations

Homeless persons, 74, 102, 103-105, 108, 237

Hospitals, 97, 100, 135, 137-141 passim, 143, 237

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 188, 193

historical perspectives, 21-22, 25

outcome monitoring, 150, 159-161, 169

Human immunodeficiency virus, 7, 25, 34-35, 42, 49, 65, 114, 118, 142

advocacy groups, 46

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 195

consumer participation in treatment, 11, 105, 108

demonstration projects, 105, 108

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 200, 201, 204, 209

outreach, 105, 114

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

I

Idaho, 30

Identification of abusers, 36, 235

DSM-IV, 10, 148

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 204

saliva testing, 204

urine testing, 33, 49, 151, 160, 164, 166, 187, 204

see also Outreach;

Referral

Ideology, see Political and ideological factors

Illinois, 22, 96, 99-100, 141

Incentives, behavioral, see Behavioral interventions

Incentives, financial, 56, 115, 120, 127

CBOs, 8, 14, 112, 115

top-down models, 64-66

Information dissemination, 4, 6, 9-11, 18, 19, 21, 45, 49, 58, 76, 84, 95, 116-117, 124, 131, 247

academic/CBO collaboration, 12-13, 20, 35, 68, 111-112, 119, 135, 137

bidirectional, general, 2, 3, 18, 23, 36, 58-59, 66-67, 121, 123, 135-137, 144, 186-197

CBO administrators, 42, 84

definitional issues, 58

guidelines, 62-64

lag time, 19, 29, 31, 250

NIDA role, 12-15, 28, 48-49, 58, 116-118, 119-120, 136

policymakers, 7-8, 9-11, 19, 31-32, 113

see also Education and training;

Management information systems;

Technology transfer

Informed consent, 78, 99

Infrastructure, 19, 56, 69, 106

CCOP strategy, 5, 101-102, 106, 112-113

DHHS support, 65

NIDA support, 6, 14

state support, 97

Inhalants, 239

Innovation, 60, 61, 62

Inpatient treatment

Alcohol and Drug Services Study, 188-193 passim

block grants and, 42-43

heroin addiction, NIH treatment statement, 208

outcome monitoring, 149, 150-155 passim, 158, 159-163, 170, 172

see also Residential treatment

Institute of Medicine, v, viii-ix, 1, 4, 17-18, 23, 48, 95, 106

study objectives, 123-124

technology transfer, 57-58, 62-63

Institutional review boards, 78

Insurance, see Health insurance

Internet resources, 226-232

Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation, 95-98, 107

J

Jails, see Prisons and jails

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 20, 100

K

Kentucky, 22

Knowledge development, see headings beginning ''Research"

Knowledge dissemination/transfer, see Information dissemination;

Technology transfer

L

LAAM, 49, 149, 151, 166, 201, 209, 212

Language, see Foreign language speakers

Law, see Crime and criminal justice system;

Informed consent;

Regulatory issues

Legislation

federal

ADAMHA Reorganization Act of 1992, 95-96

Harrison Act, 199

Mental Health Parity Act, vi

Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act, 22

women's services, 36

state

driving while under the influence, 19, 239

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

Length of treatment, see Duration of treatment

Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol/levomethadyl acetate, see LAAM

Licensing and certification, professional, 8, 44, 115, 165, 175

Local factors, see Community-based drug treatment organizations;

Community-level factors, other

Local government, 17, 42, 43, 114

M

Managed care organizations, general, 2, 3, 7, 11, 12, 17, 18, 24, 27, 29, 63, 64, 65-66, 90, 95, 101, 186, 235-236, 248

see also Community-based drug treatment organizations;

Health maintenance organizations

Management information systems, 8, 100, 101, 111, 113, 115, 127

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 188-189

TEDIS, 232

training in, 77

see also Databases

Managers, see Administrators and managers

Marijuana, 22, 193, 194, 206, 239

Marital status and therapy, 153, 168, 169

Massachusetts, 22

Mass media, 10, 240, 248

Mathematica study, vi

Medicaid, 42, 94, 96, 176, 197

Medical education, 12-13, 47-48, 62-63, 210-211, 213

continuing medical education, 8, 12, 15, 48, 62-64

Medical interventions, 24, 31, 56, 94-94, 112, 173

acupuncture, 37-38, 150, 175, 195, 244

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 188

Medicaid, 42, 94, 96, 176, 197

Medicare, 94, 197

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 204, 206

primary care, 35, 36, 101

women, 34, 154

see also Biopsychological factors;

Detoxification methods and centers;

Hospitals;

Saliva testing;

Urine testing

Medicare, 94, 197

Men, 85, 192

Mental Health Parity Act, vi

Mental Health Services Administration, see Center for Substance Abuse Treatment

Mental illness, other than alcohol/drug abuse, 16-17, 25, 38-39, 68, 84, 203, 238, 249-250

adolescents, 239

outcome monitoring, 154-155, 157, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176

suicide, 168, 239

see also Biopsychological factors;

Psychiatric treatment

Mentors, 45, 48, 111, 244

Methadone, 22, 30-31, 32-33, 34, 35, 47, 49-50, 58, 62, 80, 149

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 188, 192

LAAM, 49, 149, 151, 166

NIH treatment guidelines, 201-214 passim

nonmethadone treatments vs, 37, 208, 209

outcome monitoring, 151, 154, 155, 158, 164-166, 170-172

withdrawal from, 166, 204, 208

Methamphetamines, 194, 229-230

Methodology, see Research methodology

Minority groups, 7, 47, 91, 101, 114, 139, 142, 152, 153, 194, 214 , 237, 238

adolescents, 239

see also specific groups

Mississippi, 30, 141

"Money with strings," see Incentives, financial

Motivation, see Attitudes;

Behavioral interventions;

Contingency management

Multi-problem addicts, 16-17, 25, 34, 38-39, 46, 168-174, 212, 239 , 250

Multiple substance abusers, 27, 38, 158, 174, 209

Multiple treatment modalities, 17, 30, 31, 34-35, 103, 168-174, 175

Myths of addiction, see Stigma

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

Naltrexone, 28, 33, 80, 166-168, 201, 207-208

alcohol abuse treatment, 33, 167

Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act, 22

Narcotics Anonymous, 140, 162-164, 175

National Acupuncture Detoxification Association, 37

National Advisory Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 95

National AIDS Demonstration Research, 105

National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 47

National Alliance of Methadone Advocates, 47

National Association of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselors, 20

National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors, 65

National Cancer Institute

see also Community Clinical Oncology Program

National Committee on Quality Assurance

see also Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set

National Institute of Mental Health, 94

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 7, 9, 10, 13-15, 74, 94, 95, 100, 102, 104, 108, 116, 117

Project MATCH, 155, 159, 162, 170, 173

National Institute on Drug Abuse, v, vii, 7, 74, 94, 114, 124

AIDS, 105, 142

acupuncture, 37-38

definitional issues, 23

grant review, 106

information development/dissemination, 9, 10, 12-15, 28, 48-49, 58 , 116-118, 119-120, 136

methamphetamine abuse, 229-230

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 213

prevention demonstrations, 102-103, 108

service delivery approaches, 34, 116

technology transfer, 12-13, 48-49, 58, 119-120, 136

understudied approaches, 37

Web site, 58

National Institutes of Health, v, 15, 101, 106, 107

heroin treatment guidelines, 198-225

methadone maintenance, 32-33

Native Americans, 3, 20, 73-74, 98-99, 194

Navajo Nation, 20, 96, 98-99, 108

New Hampshire, 30

New Jersey, 22

New Mexico, 20, 131

New York, 22

NIDA, see National Institute on Drug Abuse

Non-residential treatment, see Outpatient treatment

Non-traditional interventions, 87, 244

acupuncture, 37-38, 150, 175, 195, 244

relaxation therapy, 175

North Dakota, 30

Not-for-profit organizations, 74, 137, 237

abusers, recovering, 22

Alcohol and Drugs Services Study, 188, 189, 191, 196, 197

foundations, 18-19, 46, 141

HMOs, 140

market forces and, 59

Treatment Episode Data Set, 232

O

Office for Treatment Improvement, 94

Office of National Drug Control Policy, 22, 94, 213

methadone maintenance, 32

Ohio, 31

Opiates, 22, 32-33, 49-50, 194

biopsychological factors, 200-201, 203-204, 212

dependence defined, 204

outcome monitoring, 153, 154, 155, 158

relapse and relapse prevention, 200, 202, 205, 208, 212

treatment guidelines, 61, 198-225

withdrawal from, 151, 166, 207-208, 244

see Buprenorphine;

Heroin;

LAAM;

Methadone;

Naltrexone

Organizational factors, general, 4-5, 9, 40-42, 56, 94, 116, 237

ADAMHA reorganization, 94-95

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 188-190

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

change models, 59-60, 66-69, 82-86, 87

cultural, vii, 5, 27-29, 60, 85-86, 108, 112, 136

funding, 196-197

institutional review boards, 78

learning, 6, 76, 79, 111-112, 113

see also Administrators and managers;

For-profit organizations;

Infrastructure;

Not-for-profit organizations

Orlaam ™, see LAAM

Outcome monitoring, 10-12, 14, 17, 25, 39, 41, 49, 61-64, 93, 95, 96, 99-100, 118

alcohol abusers, 153-160 passim, 167, 168, 169

cocaine users, 153, 155, 159, 160-161, 163, 164, 167-168, 171

consumer participation, 11

crime and criminal justice system, 152, 160, 165, 171, 176, 209

definitional issues, 149, 174-175, 176

employment variables, 157-158, 160, 165, 169, 171, 172, 173

family factors, 158-159, 160, 167, 168, 173, 175, 176

goals, controversy, 38

heroin abusers, 153, 158

homeless persons, 103-104

hospitals, 150, 159-161, 169

inpatient treatments, 149, 150-155 passim, 158, 159-163, 170, 172

relapse, 154, 157, 158, 159, 163, 164, 170, 171, 172, 195

residential treatment, 150, 155, 159-160, 172

self-reporting, 152, 160

social factors, 158-159, 160, 172

socioeconomic status, 142-143, 152, 203, 239, 243

top-down incentives, 65

variables, 35, 152-176

see also Evidence-based treatments

Outpatient treatment, 22, 37, 49, 137, 138, 149, 243

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 188, 192, 193

outcome monitoring, 150, 159-161, 171, 172

see also Counseling and counselors

Outreach, 7, 42, 87, 242-243

adolescents, 87, 239-240

Community Reinforcement Approach, 169-170, 240-242

cost factors, 239-240, 243

crime and criminal justice system, 239, 243

HIV-infected persons, 105, 114

P

Parents, 8, 65, 153, 203

see also Children;

Families

Patient Outcome Research Teams, 63-64

Peer support, 22, 24, 27, 41, 44, 45, 75, 138, 164, 243, 244

Alcoholics Anonymous, 24, 27-29, 85, 138, 140, 160, 162-164, 169, 175

Narcotics Anonymous, 140, 162-164, 175

Synanon, 22

see also Group therapy

Performance Partnership Grants, 65

Pharmacotherapy, see Drugs to treat abusers

Physicians, 48, 62, 101, 210

see also Medical education

Physicians in Residence program, 48

Policy and policymakers, general, vi, 1-8 passim, 14, 18, 29, 40, 49-51, 56, 90-91, 96, 97, 113, 114-115, 127, 247-248

historical perspectives, 21-23

knowledge development/dissemination, 7-8, 9-11, 19, 31-32, 113

report at hand, panelists, 126

war on drugs, 22

see also Funding;

Legislation

Political and ideological factors, vi, 16, 19-20, 51-52, 94

see also Cultural factors;

Religious factors

Practice-based research networks, 6, 12, 57, 69, 79, 119

see also Community Clinical Oncology Program

Practice guidelines, 61-64, 75, 248

heroin addiction treatment, NIH guidelines, 198-225

see Clinical protocols

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

Pregnancy, 36, 49, 65, 153, 195, 207, 239

Preventive interventions, 87, 91, 95, 96, 97, 102-104, 108, 249

academic research, 102-103

school-based, 73-74, 97, 102-103, 240

see also Followup treatment;

Identification of abusers;

Outreach

Prisons and jails, 43, 137

cocaine abusers, 249

cost-effectiveness, 49

historical perspectives, 22, 25

opiate offense incarceration, 200

Professional education, 2, 4, 6, 12-13, 15, 69-70, 76, 97, 107, 119 -120

counselors, 84

guidelines, 62-63, 210-211

Internet sites, 228

licensing/certification, 8, 44, 115, 165, 175

practice-based research networks, 6, 12, 57, 69, 79, 119

see also Academic programs and research;

Medical education

Program of Assertive Community Treatment, 67-68

Project MATCH, 155, 159, 162, 170, 173

Psychiatric treatment, 16, 25, 61, 150, 152, 154, 170, 172, 203

Psychological factors, see Biopsychological factors

Public education, 4, 6, 14, 113, 118

school-based preventive interventions, 73-74, 97, 102-103, 240

see also Mass media

Puerto Ricans, 139

Q

Quality control, 39, 76, 93, 99

see also Evaluation methodology;

Standards

R

Racial factors, see Minority groups;

White persons

Referral, 100, 170-174

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 191

clinical protocols, 6, 96, 100, 161

self-referral, 191, 192

Regulatory issues, 6, 19, 21, 24, 90-91, 113, 138, 141, 211-212

state barriers, 40

see also Legislation;

Standards

Relapse and relapse prevention, 16, 30, 33, 34, 58, 100, 236

opiates, NIH statement, 200, 202, 205, 208, 212

outcome monitoring, 154, 157, 158, 159, 163, 164, 170, 171, 172, 195

Relaxation therapy, 175

Religious factors, 24, 85-86, 138, 140, 244

Research, general, vii, 2, 4-11, 14, 56, 111-114, 116

academic/CBO collaboration, 12-13, 76, 79, 87, 96, 98-99, 102-103, 140, 141, 144

agenda building, 21

clinical settings, researchers in, 6, 12, 57, 69, 79, 89-110, 119

cost of practice linkages, 4, 76-77, 111-112

cultural factors, vii, 24, 77, 96

direct CBO contributions to, 73-88

Internet sites, 228

misuse of, 6, 90, 113

models, 111-114, 127, 247

CBOs as researchers, 5-6, 58-70, 83, 85, 123-124, 131

researchers as such, 5-6, 95-105, 123-124

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 212-214

practice-based research networks, 6, 12, 57, 69, 79, 119

small projects, 7, 76, 84, 114, 148

social factors, vii, 92-93, 94, 158-159

training strategies, 12-13, 15

understudied approaches, 35-40

underutilized, 32-34, 116-117, 135-136, 147-176

see also Academic programs and research;

Data collection;

Information dissemination;

Outcome monitoring;

Technology transfer;

Theory

Research methodology, 80-82, 90, 91-92, 94, 95

Alcohol and Drug Services Study, 187-188

applied social science, 91-92

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

clinical trials, 32, 37, 38, 62, 68, 79, 86, 90, 100-101, 106, 148 , 152, 174

cost factors, 81, 101

detoxification, literature review, 148-176

evidence-based treatments, 10-11, 14, 17, 56, 59-60, 63-64, 118

homeless persons, 103-104

longitudinal studies, 249

NIH heroin addiction treatment guidelines, 199

quasi-experimental, 86, 249

report at hand, v-vii, 20-21, 123-134

participants, 128-130, 132-134

see also Evaluation methodology

Research recommendations, 1, 18, 123-124, 247-250

CSAT role, 10, 13-15, 18, 74, 94, 100, 117-118, 120

implementation of research, vii, 4-7, 111-114, 148

NIDA role, 9, 10, 12-15, 28, 48-49, 58, 116-118, 119-120, 136

small research projects, 7, 76, 84, 114, 148

technology transfer, 12-13, 48-49, 58, 119-120, 136

treatment facilities placement, 38

Residential treatment, 27-28, 80, 86, 137, 138, 141

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 188, 189, 192, 193

outcome monitoring, 150, 155, 159-160, 172

see also Detoxification methods and centers;

Halfway houses;

Hospitals

Revia™, see Naltrexone

Runaways, 239

Rural areas, 7, 20, 99, 250

S

Saliva testing, 204

SAMHSA, see Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Scorecards, 11, 61-63, 118

Screening, see Identification of abusers

Self-help, see Peer support

Self-reporting, 152, 160

Severity of addiction, 154, 168, 170, 173-174, 206, 236, 249

Addiction Severity Index, 103, 155-156, 172

duration of abuse, 153

Smoking, 148, 195

Social factors, general, 20, 80, 87, 97, 139, 142-143

community defined, 136-137

outcome monitoring, 158-159, 160, 172

research, vii, 92-93, 94, 158-159

see also Community-level factors;

Cultural factors;

Socioeconomic status

Social support and services, 20, 31, 34, 86, 97, 116-117, 137, 140 , 141

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 187-197

Medicaid, 42, 94, 96, 176, 197

Medicare, 94, 197

welfare, 2, 7, 191, 192, 249

see also Children;

Families;

Group therapy;

Parents;

Stakeholders

Socioeconomic status, 142-143, 152, 203, 239, 243

see also Homeless persons

South Dakota, 30

Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention, 22

Stakeholders, general, 3, 9, 19, 20, 57, 70, 93, 100, 116, 151

Standards, 10, 75, 100

clinical, 6, 12, 96, 100, 161, 233-234

consumer participation, 8, 12, 119

data collection, 104

funding and, 141

level of care, 100

practice guidelines, 61-64, 75, 198-225, 248

professional, 44, 62-63, 115

licensing/certification, 8, 44, 115, 165, 175

State government, vii, 2, 8, 14, 114, 115, 118

AIDS, 105

administrators, 31, 35

consumer participation, 12

professional licensing/certification, 8, 44, 115, 165, 175

service delivery monitoring, 9, 116

see also Block grants

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

State-level actions, 22-23, 95-86

service delivery approaches, 35

see also District of Columbia;

State government;

specific states

Statistics, 93

access to treatment, 16

addiction and dependency, national figures, 1, 16, 200, 205-206

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 187-188

cancer treatment, 68

counselor training, 44

naltrexone treatment, 33

outpatient treatment, 37

see also Databases;

Data collection;

Management information systems

STEP ONE, 89-90

Stigma, 9, 11, 16, 17, 25, 32, 46-48, 49-50, 116, 153, 205, 210, 213

Structural factors, see Infrastructure;

Organizational factors

Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant, 7, 114

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, v, vi, 17-18, 68, 94-95, 106, 138, 187, 232

Suicide, 168, 239

Synanon, 22

T

Technical assistance, 31, 42, 49, 58, 77, 104, 250

Technology transfer, 4, 9, 18, 21, 48-49, 116, 117, 123-124

bidirectional, general, 2, 3, 18, 23, 36, 58-59, 66-68, 121, 123, 135-137, 144, 186-197

CSAT role, 58, 59-60, 115, 120, 136

definitional issues, 57-58

lag time, 19, 29, 31, 250

models, 57-59, 60-62, 77

NIDA role, 12-13, 48-49, 58, 119-120, 136

trust-building and, xv, 3, 5, 56, 57, 66-70, 74, 98, 112

see also Medical education

Telephone contacts, 248

Television, 10

Texas, 20, 22, 77

Theory, 79, 81, 87, 90, 91-93

counseling, 80

etiology of drug addiction, 1, 16, 31, 150, 202-204

Therapeutic community, see Synanon

Time factors

community defined, 137

duration of abuse, 153;

see also Severity of addiction

duration of treatment, 35, 147, 149, 150, 151, 154, 161-162, 166, 181, 207, 209, 248

research/implementation lag, 19, 29, 31, 250

state implementation of federal requirements, 19

Tobacco, 148

Training, see Education and training

Transportation services, 49, 195, 247

Treatment Assistance Publication Series, 58-59

Treatment Episode Data Set, 232

Treatment Improvement Exchange, 59

Trust building, xv, 3, 5, 56, 57, 66-70, 74, 98, 112

Tuberculosis, 25, 65, 195

U

University-based programs, see Academic programs and research

University of Rhode Island Change Assessment, 157

Urban areas, 7, 160

Urine testing, 33, 49, 151, 160, 164, 166, 187, 204

V

Vermont, 30

Videotapes, 58

W

Washington, D.C., see District of Columbia

Washington State, 20

Welfare programs, 2, 7, 249

Alcohol and Drug Services Survey, 191, 192

Medicaid, 42, 94, 96, 176, 197

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
×

West Virginia, 30

WESVAR, 188

White persons, 192, 193, 194

Withdrawal, 149, 155, 202, 203, 204

alcohol, 49

methadone, withdrawal from, 166, 204, 208

opiates, 151, 166, 207-208, 244

see also Detoxification methods and centers;

Drugs to treat abusers

Women, 34, 36, 140, 153-154, 194, 237, 238

see also Pregnancy

Wraparound services, 20, 34

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1998. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6169.
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Today, most substance abuse treatment is administered by community-based organizations. If providers could readily incorporate the most recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of addiction and treatment, the treatment would be much more effective and efficient. The gap between research findings and everyday treatment practice represents an enormous missed opportunity at this exciting time in this field.

Informed by real-life experiences in addiction treatment including workshops and site visits, Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research examines why research remains remote from treatment and makes specific recommendations to community providers, federal and state agencies, and other decision-makers. The book outlines concrete strategies for building and disseminating knowledge about addiction; for linking research, policy development, and everyday treatment implementation; and for helping drug treatment consumers become more informed advocates.

In candid language, the committee discusses the policy barriers and the human attitudes—the stigma, suspicion, and skepticism—that often hinder progress in addiction treatment. The book identifies the obstacles to effective collaboration among the research, treatment, and policy sectors; evaluates models to address these barriers; and looks in detail at the issue from the perspective of the community-based provider and the researcher.

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