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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
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This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DTNH22-94-G-07414 from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE U.S. ADVANCED BATTERY CONSORTIUM'S ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT SELECTION PROCESS
LARRY R. FAULKNER (chair),
University of Texas at Austin
KATHRYN R. BULLOCK,
Medtronic, Inc., Brooklyn Center, Minnesota
PAUL A. KOHL,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
CARL A. KUKKONEN,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
ALEXANDER MACLACHLAN,
NAE,1 E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (retired), Wilmington, Delaware
JAMES A. MCINTYRE,
Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan
BARRY MILLER,
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
DAVID L. MORRISON,
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (retired), Cary, North Carolina
BRIJESH VYAS,
Bell Laboratories-Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey
ROBERT D. WEAVER,
Electric Power Research Institute (retired), Palo Alto, California
Liaison from the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
ROY G. GORDON,
NAS,2 Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Project Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director,
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES), and
study director (from April 1998)
JILL WILSON, senior program officer and study director (until April 1998)
PATRICIA SPAULDING, project assistant (until January 1998)
SUSANNA E. CLARENDON, financial and administrative assistant, and project assistant (from February 1998)
BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM
ROBERT L. HIRSCH (chair),
Advanced Power and Energy Technology Collaborative, Inc., Washington, D.C.
RICHARD MESERVE (vice chair),
Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C.
EVERETT H. BECKNER,
Lockheed Martin Corporation, Albuquerque, New Mexico
JAN BEYEA,
Consulting in the Public Interest, Lambertville, New Jersey
E. GAIL DE PLANQUE,
NAE, Potomac, Maryland
WILLIAM L. FISHER,
NAE, University of Texas at Austin
WILLIAM FULKERSON,
Oak Ridge National Laboratories and University of Tennessee (retired), Knoxville
ROY G. GORDON,
NAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
EDWIN E. KINTNER,
NAE, GPU Nuclear Corporation, Norwich, Vermont
K. ANNE STREET,
Geo-Centers, Rockville, Maryland
JAMES SWEENEY,
Stanford University, Stanford, California
LINDA GILLESPIE STUNTZ,
Stuntz & Davis, Washington, D.C.
KATHLEEN C. TAYLOR,
NAE, General Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan
IRVIN WHITE,
UTECH, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia
Liaisons from the Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
RUTH M. DAVIS,
NAE, Pymatuning Group, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia
LAWRENCE T. PAPAY,
NAE, Bechtel Technology and Consulting, San Francisco, California
Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director
JILL WILSON, senior program officer (until April 1998)
TRACY WILSON, senior program officer (until April 1998)
SUSANNA E. CLARENDON, project assistant and administrative associate
PATRICIA SPAULDING, project assistant (until January 1998)
Acknowledgments
The committee wishes to thank the representatives of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) and the U.S. Department of Energy who contributed significantly to this National Research Council (NRC) study, whether by giving presentations at meetings or providing responses to committee requests for information. The committee also acknowledges the valuable contributions of individuals from other organizations (see Appendix B). In addition, the committee is grateful for the able assistance of Dr. James Zucchetto, Dr. Jill Wilson, Ms. Susanna Clarendon, and Ms. Patricia Spaulding of the NRC staff for their hard work organizing and planning committee meetings and for their efforts in gathering information and writing sections of the report. Finally, the chair wishes to recognize the committee members for their expertise, their efforts, and their consistent commitment to integrity throughout the study.
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the follow individuals for their participation in the review of this report:
Jack L. Blumenthal, TRW Space and Defense Sector; Edwin Kintner, GPU Nuclear Corporation (retired); Donald MacArthur, CHEMAC
International Corporation; John Newman, University of California, Berkeley; Roberta Nichols, Ford Motor Company (retired); and Daniel Sperling, University of California, Davis.
While the individuals listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the NRC.
Tables and Figures
Tables
2-1 |
DOE Funding for Advanced Battery Research, FYs 1990 to 1998, |
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3-1 |
USABC Performance Goals, |
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3-2 |
Performance Assumptions Made by the USABC in Comparative Cost Analysis, |
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3-3 |
Calculated Costs from the USABC Analysis, |
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4-1 |
Technical Summary of USABC Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Projects, |
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4-2 |
Technical Summary of USABC Lithium Battery Projects, |
Figure
2-1 |
USABC management structure, |